Lithocarpus confragosus
| Lithocarpus confragosus | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Embryophytes |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fagales |
| Family: | Fagaceae |
| Genus: | Lithocarpus |
| Species: | L. confragosus |
| Binomial name | |
| Lithocarpus confragosus | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
| |
Lithocarpus confragosus is a tree in the beech family Fagaceae. It is native to Southeast Asia.
Description
Lithocarpus confragosus grows as a tree up to 30 m (100 ft) tall, with a trunk diameter of up to 65 cm (26 in). The brownish bark is smooth, scaly or lenticellate. The coriaceous leaves measure up to 18 cm (7 in) long. Its brown acorns are ovoid to roundish and measure up to 4 cm (1.6 in) across.[3]
Taxonomy
Lithocarpus confragosus was initially described as Quercus confragosa by British botanist George King in The Flora of British India in 1899. In 1931, French botanist Aimée Antoinette Camus transferred the species to the genus Lithocarpus.[2] A specimen collected in Perak in Peninsular Malaysia was designated lectotype. The specific epithet confragosus means 'uneven', referring to the cupule wall surface.[3]
Distribution and habitat
Lithocarpus confragosus is native to Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. Its presence in Sumatra is uncertain.[1] Its habitat is dipterocarp forests, to 2,000 m (7,000 ft) elevation.[3]
Conservation
Lithocarpus confragosus has been assessed as near threatened on the IUCN Red List. It is threatened by deforestation and conversion of land for farming and urban development, by logging and slash-and-burn agriculture. The species is present in protected areas in Sabah, Borneo.[1]
References
- 1 2 3 Strijk, J.S.; Julia, S.; Khoo, E.; Ling, C.Y. (2025). "Lithocarpus confragosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2025 e.T138594954A225155154. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T138594954A225155154.en. Retrieved 10 April 2026.
- 1 2 3 "Lithocarpus confragosus (King ex Hook.f.) A.Camus". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 12 April 2026.
- 1 2 3 Soepadmo, E.; Julia, L.; Go, Rusea (2000). "Lithocarpus confragosus (King ex Hook.f.) A.Camus". In Soepadmo, E.; Saw, L. G. (eds.). Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak. (free online from the publisher, lesser resolution scan PDF versions). Vol. 3. Forest Research Institute Malaysia. pp. 47–48. ISBN 983-2181-06-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 13 Aug 2016.