List of wild concentration camps

This is a list of concentration camps established independently by Nazi-affiliated groups and organizations (such as the SA, the SS, and police) before the process was centralized by Heinrich Himmler in 1934.[1] These camps were established in a variety of usually abandoned buildings, including workhouses, factories, cellars, and taverns to imprison mostly political prisoners. They are known as "wild" concentration camps (German: wilde Konzentrationslager) due to their ad-hoc nature and lack of oversight.[1][2][3] The 1933 Schutzhaft Protective Custody Order was the main pretense for interning German citizens in wild concentration camps.[4]

Lists of Wilde Konzentrationslager.
NameEstablishedDisestablishedFormer usage
Breslau-Dürrgoy concentration camp12 March 193310 August 1933Fertilizer factory
Oranienburg concentration camp21 March 19334 July 1934Disused brewery
Hainichen concentration camp4 April 193313 June 1933Sports center
Börgermoor concentration camp[5]22 June 1933May 1934Part of the Prussian Emslandlager system
Esterwegen concentration camp20 June 1933Summer 1936Part of the Prussian Emslandlager system
Neusustrum concentration camp[6]1 September 1933April 1945Part of the Prussian Emslandlager system
Vulkanwerft concentration camp20 October 193311 March 1934Shipyards
Columbia-HausJuly 19335 November 1936Military police station
Dachau concentration camp9 March 193329 April 1945Gunpowder and munitions Factory
Sonnenburg3 April 193323 April 1934Former Prison
Nohra3 March 1933UnknownSchool
Ahrensbök[7]October 3, 1933May 1934Residential Building for a Sugar Factory[7]
Alt Daber[8]28 April 1933July 1933Children's Home and Sanatorium
Bad Sulza[9]October 1933July 1937Old Hotel[9]
Brandenburg Euthanasia CentreAugust 1933February 1934State Welfare Institute
Börnicke[10]1 June 1933UnknownFormer Cement Factory[10]
Breitenau concentration campJune 19332 September 1945Residence
Kemna concentration camp5 July 193319 January 1934Textile Factory

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Litzinger, Martin; Pallavicini, Stephen (6 May 2025). "BERGKAMEN-SCHÖNHAUSEN". The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. doi:10.1353/document.1272. Retrieved 8 October 2025.
  2. ↑ "Definition of Konzentrationslager". fcit.usf.edu. The Florida Center for Instructional Technology. Retrieved 2 October 2025.
  3. ↑ "The Nazi Camp System: Terminology". United States Holocaust Museum. 3 November 2021. Retrieved 7 October 2025.
  4. ↑ "Law and Justice in the Third Reich". Holocaust Encyclopedia. Retrieved 8 October 2025.
  5. ↑ "Börgermoor Camp". Holocaust Museum, Washington. Retrieved 1 October 2025.
  6. ↑ "Penal Camp Neusustrum (Emslandlager V) - Sustrumermoor - TracesOfWar.com". www.tracesofwar.com. Retrieved 25 November 2025.
  7. 1 2 "Geschichte - Gedenkstätte Ahrensbök". gedenkstaetteahrensboek.de (in German). Retrieved 8 October 2025.
  8. ↑ White, Joseph Robert (6 May 2025). "ALT DABER". Holocaust Encyclopedia. doi:10.1353/document.1262. Retrieved 25 November 2025.
  9. 1 2 "Bad Sulza Concentration Camp - Bad Sulza - TracesOfWar.com". www.tracesofwar.com. Retrieved 8 October 2025.
  10. 1 2 Woinar, Klaus; White, Joseph Robert (6 May 2025). "BÖRNICKE [also MEISSNERSHOF]". The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. doi:10.1353/document.1284. Retrieved 8 October 2025.
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