List of translators into English

This is a list of people who have translated one or more works into English from another language. Entries are divided by broad chronological period, and within that by language of the original text. Translators may appear in multiple sections within the list.

Translators of ancient literature (Bronze Age–5th century CE)

Translators of ancient Mesopotamian literature

George Aaron Barton – Debate between sheep and grain, Barton Cylinder, Enlil and Ninlil, Self-praise of Shulgi (Shulgi D), Old Babylonian oracle, Kesh temple hymn, Debate between Winter and Summer, Hymn to Enlil, Lament for Ur (all 1918)
Robert D. Biggs – Kesh temple hymn (1974)
Edward Chiera – Kesh temple hymn, Debate between sheep and grain (both 1924)
Stephanie Dalley – Atra-Hasis, The Myth of Anzu, Descent of Ishtar into the Underworld, Enūma Eliš, Erra and Ishum (all 1998)
Claude Hermann Walter Johns – Code of Hammurabi (1903)
Samuel Noah Kramer – Death of Gilgamesh (1944), Debate between Winter and Summer (1944), Gilgamesh and Aga (1949), Code of Ur-Nammu (1952), Debate between sheep and grain (1959)
Wilfred G. Lambert – Atra-Hasis (1969, with Alan Millard), Enūma Eliš (2011)
Stephen Herbert Langdon – Kesh temple hymn (1915)
Alan Millard – Atra-Hasis (1969, with Wilfred G. Lambert)

Translators of the Epic of Gilgamesh

Stephanie Dalley (1998)
John Gardner (a.1982, with John Maier; published 1984)
Andrew R. George (2000)
Stephen Mitchell (2004)
Nancy Sandars (1960)

Translators of ancient Egyptian literature

James Peter Allen – Book of Nut (1988)
Samuel Birch – Book of the Dead (1867)
E. A. Wallis Budge – Book of the Dead (1895), Amduat (1905), Book of Gates (1905)
Adriaan de Buck – Coffin Texts (1935–1961)
Marshall Clagett – Coffin Texts (1989, selections), Pyramid Texts (1989, selections), Book of Nut (1995)
Raymond O. Faulkner – Festival Songs of Isis and Nephthys (1936), Pyramid Texts (1969), Book of the Dead (1972), Coffin Texts (1973–1978)
Leonard H. Lesko – Coffin Texts (1972)
Miriam Lichtheim – Coffin Texts (1973, selections), Pyramid Texts (1973, selections), Book of the Dead (1973, selections)
John Albert Wilson – Coffin Texts (1955, selections), Pyramid Texts (1955, selections), Book of the Dead (1955, selections)

Translators of ancient Chinese literature

Cyril Birch and Donald Keene – Classic of Poetry, Zuo Zhuan, Guoyu, Zhan Guo Ce, The Faults of Qin, Chu Ci, Zhuangzi, Shiji (selections), selections of Han poetry (all 1965)
Chung Ling – Bao Linghui, Cai Yan, Wei Shuo, Zhuo Wenjun^[1]
Thomas Cleary – Mawangdui Silk Texts, Six Secret Teachings, Sun Bin's Art of War, Fan Yunqiao
David Hinton – Tao Yuanming,^[2] Xie Lingyun^[3]
James Legge – Bamboo Annals, Book of Documents,^[4] Book of Rites,^[5] Classic of Poetry, Doctrine of the Mean, Great Learning, Spring and Autumn Annals, Zuo Zhuan^[4]
Lin Yutang – including Ban Gu, Sima Qian, Tao Yuanming, Wang Xizhi, Zhuangzi^[6]
A. Charles Muller – Brahmajāla Sūtra (with Kenneth K. Tanaka), Doctrine of the Mean, Great Learning
Ezra Pound – Great Learning^[7]
Red Pine – Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra (from Chinese version of Guṇabhadra),^[8] Li Sao^[9]
Kenneth Rexroth – Han dynasty and Six Dynasties poets^[10] including Bao Linghui, Cai Yan, Wei Shuo, Zhuo Wenjun^[1]
Arthur Waley – Classic of Poetry, Qu Yuan
Burton Watson – Han Feizi,^[11] Kumārajīva,^[12] Mozi,^[13] Shiji,^[14] Xunzi,^[15] Zhuangzi,^[16] Zuo Zhuan^[17]

Translators of the Analects

Translators of The Art of War

Thomas Cleary

Translators of Faxian

Samuel Beal (1869, the first English translation of Faxian directly from Chinese)
Herbert Giles (1877)
John Watson Laidlay (1848, via the 1836 French translation by Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat)
James Legge (1886)

Translators of the I Ching

Cary Baynes (via the German of Richard Wilhelm)^[21]
David Hinton^[18]
James Legge^[22]

Translators of Mencius

Translators of the Tao Te Ching

Translators of the Zhuangzi

Translators of ancient Indian literature

Thomas Cleary – Buddhāvataṃsaka Sūtra (1993), Arthashastra (1998), Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra (2012)
Barbara Stoler Miller – Śatakatraya (1967), Mālavikāgnimitram (1984), Shakuntala (1984), Vikramōrvaśīyam (1984), Yoga Sutras of Patanjali (1996)
Monier Monier-Williams – Vikramōrvaśīyam (1849), Shakuntala (1853), Nala and Damayanti (1860)
A. Charles Muller – Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment (from Chinese version)
Red Pine – Heart Sutra^[25]
W. H. D. Rouse – Jataka tales^[26]
Arthur W. Ryder – Mṛcchakatika (1905), Śatakatraya (1910), Raghuvaṃśa (1912, selections), Shakuntala (1912), Mālavikāgnimitram (1915), Panchatantra (1925)
Andrew Schelling – Gaha Sattasai (2001, selections)

Translators of the Bhagavad Gita

Translators of the Dhammapada

Juan Mascaro (1973)
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1950)

Translators of the Diamond Sutra

A. Charles Muller (from Chinese version)
Red Pine^[27]

Translators of the Mahabharata

Arthur W. Ryder (1912, selections)

Translators of the Ramayana

Arthur W. Ryder (1912, selections)

Translators of the Rigveda

Max Mueller (1890–1892)

Translators of Sangam literature

A. Dakshinamurthy
Kausalya Hart
George L. Hart
Hank Heifetz
P. S. Subrahmanya Sastri – translated the Tolkappiyam

Translators of the Tirukkural

Translators of the Upanishads

Juan Mascaro (1965)
Max Mueller (1879–1884)
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1953, selections)

Translators of the Bible

Translators of ancient Greek

Apostolos Athanassakis – Apocolocyntosis (1973), Shield of Heracles (1983)
William Barker – Basil of Caesarea^[28]
Jonathan Barnes – pre-Socratic philosophers^[29]
Willis Barnstone – Heraclitus
John Bury – Isocrates^[30]
Mildred Cooke – Basil of Caesarea,^[31] John Chrysostom^[32]
E. R. Dodds – Iamblichus, Proclus, Salutius^[33]
Thomas Drant – Gregory of Nazianzus^[34]
Charles Abraham Elton – Shield of Heracles (1815)
Hugh Evelyn-White – Shield of Heracles (1914)
Thomas Francklin – Epistles of Phalaris (1749)
Robert Graves – Apocolocyntosis (1935)
George Grube – Demetrius of Phalerum^[35]
Daryl Hine – Batrachomyomachia (2008)
Richmond Lattimore – lyrics by Alcaeus, Alcman, Anacreon, Archilochus, Callinus, Corinna, Hipponax, Hybrias, Ibycus, Mimnermus, Phocylides, Praxilla, Semonides of Amorgos, Simonides of Ceos, Solon, Stesichorus, Terpander, Theognis of Megara, Tyrtaeus, Xenophanes (all 1949), Shield of Heracles (1959)
Burton Raffel – poetry by Alcaeus, Alcman, Antipater of Sidon, Antipater of Thessalonica, Anyte, Aratus, Asclepiades of Samos, Hegemon of Thasos, Leonidas of Alexandria, Leonidas of Tarentum, Meleager, Menecrates of Ephesus, Phalaecus, Philodemus, Phocylides, Simonides of Ceos, Terpander, Theodoridas of Syracuse
W. H. D. Rouse – Apocolocyntosis, Nonnus^[26]

Translators of Aeschylus

Anne Carson – Oresteia (2009)
Wendy Doniger – Oresteia (1988, with David Grene)
Edward FitzGerald – Agamemnon
David Grene – Prometheus Bound (1942), Oresteia (1988, with Wendy Doniger)
Richmond Lattimore – Agamemnon (1947), The Libation Bearers, The Eumenides (both 1953)
Gilbert Murray – Agamemnon (1920), The Libation Bearers (1923), The Eumenides (1926), The Suppliants (1930), Prometheus Bound (1931), Seven Against Thebes (1935), The Persians (1939)
Robert Potter – complete plays (1777)
James Scully – Prometheus Bound (1975)
David R. Slavitt – Oresteia (1999)
Alan Sommerstein – The Eumenides (1989), complete plays and major fragments (2008)
Phillip Vellacott – Oresteia (1956), Prometheus Bound, The Suppliants, Seven Against Thebes, The Persians (all 1961)
Rex Warner – Prometheus Bound (1947)

Translators of the Greek Anthology

Kenneth Rexroth (1962, selections)^[36]
David R. Slavitt (2010, selections)

Translators of Apollonius of Perga

Ivor Bulmer-Thomas – Conics (1941, parts of Book I)
R. Catesby Taliaferro – Conics (1941, Books I–III)
Thomas Heath – Conics (1896)

Translators of Archimedes

Thomas Heath – On the Sphere and Cylinder, Measurement of a Circle, On Conoids and Spheroids, On Spirals, On the Equilibrium of Planes, The Sand Reckoner, Quadrature of the Parabola, On Floating Bodies, Book of Lemmas, The Cattle Problem (all 1897)

Translators of Aristarchus of Samos

Thomas Heath – On the Sizes and Distances of the Sun and Moon (1913)

Translators of Aristophanes

William Arrowsmith – The Birds (1961), The Clouds (1962)
Charles J. Billson – The Acharnians (1882)
Lionel Casson – The Acharnians (1960)
John Hookham Frere – The Acharnians, The Birds, The Knights, The Frogs (all 1839)
Richmond Lattimore – The Frogs (1962)
Gilbert Murray – The Frogs (1902), The Birds (1950), The Knights (1956)
Douglass Parker – The Acharnians (1961), The Wasps (1962), Lysistrata (1964), Assemblywomen (1967), Peace, Plutus (both 2014)
Benjamin Bickley Rogers – complete plays (1852–1919)
Alan Sommerstein – The Acharnians, The Clouds, Lysistrata (all 1974), The Knights, Peace, The Birds, Assemblywomen, Plutus (all 1978, with David Barrett), The Wasps (1983), Thesmophoriazusae (1994), The Frogs (1997)
Robert Yelverton Tyrrell – The Acharnians (1883)
Arthur Way – The Acharnians (1927)

Translators of Aristotle

Jonathan Barnes – Posterior Analytics^[37]
F. M. Cornford – Physics^[38]
George Grube – Poetics^[39]
W. K. C. Guthrie – On the Heavens^[40]
Benjamin Jowett – Politics^[41]
C. D. C. Reeve – Eudemian Ethics, Generation of Animals, History of Animals, Metaphysics, Meteorology, Nicomachean Ethics, On Generation and Corruption, On the Heavens, On the Soul, Parts of Animals, Physics, Politics, Rhetoric, Sophistical Refutations, Topics^[42]
Philip Wicksteed – Physics (translation finished by F. M. Cornford)^[38]

Translators of Bacchylides

Richard Claverhouse Jebb – poems and fragments (1905)
Richmond Lattimore – odes and dithyrambs (1949)
David R. Slavitt – odes and dithyrambs (1998)

Translators of Callimachus

Stanley Lombardo – Hymns, Epigrams, and fragments (1987, with Diane J. Rayor)
Burton Raffel

Translators of Cassius Dio

Ian Scott-Kilvert – Roman History (1987)

Translators of Diophantus

Thomas Heath – Arithmetica (1885)

Translators of Euclid

Henry Billingsley – Elements (1570)^[43]
Thomas Heath – Elements (1908)
R. Catesby Taliaferro – Elements (1952)

Translators of Euripides

William Arrowsmith – The Bacchae (1959), Alcestis, Cyclops, Herakles, Orestes, Hecuba
Robert Bagg – Hippolytus (1973), The Bacchae (1978)
Anne Carson – Electra (2001), Herakles, Hecuba, Hippolytus, Alcestis (all 2006), Iphigenia in Tauris (2013), The Bacchae (2015)
David Grene – Hippolytus (1942)
Robinson Jeffers – Medea (1946, free adaptation)
Richmond Lattimore – The Trojan Women (1947), Alcestis (1955)
W. S. Merwin – Iphigenia in Aulis (1978, with George E. Dimock Jr)
Gilbert Murray – Hippolytus (1902), The Bacchae (1902), The Trojan Women (1905), Electra (1905), Medea (1910), Iphigenia in Tauris (1911), Rhesus (1913), Alcestis (1915), Ion (1954)
Robert Potter – complete plays (1783)
Don Taylor – Iphigenia in Aulis (1990)
Phillip Vellacott – Hippolytus, Iphigenia in Tauris, Alcestis (all 1953), Ion, The Trojan Women, Helen, The Bacchae (all 1954), Medea, Hecuba, Electra, Herakles (all 1963), Children of Heracles, Andromache, The Suppliants, The Phoenician Women, Orestes, Iphigenia in Aulis (all 1972)
Emily Vermeule – Electra (1959)
Rex Warner – Medea (1944), Helen (1958), Hippolytus (1958)

Translators of Eusebius

Mary Basset – Ecclesiastical History^[44]

Translators of Herodotus

The Histories is Herodotus' only work.

Translators of Hesiod

Apostolos Athanassakis – Works and Days, Theogony (both 1983)
George Chapman – Works and Days (1618)^[45]
Thomas Cooke – Works and Days, Theogony (both 1728)
Charles Abraham Elton – Works and Days, Theogony (both 1815)
Hugh Evelyn-White – Works and Days, Theogony (both 1914)
Daryl Hine – Works and Days, Theogony (both 2008)
Kimberly Johnson – Works and Days, Theogony (both 2017)
Richmond Lattimore – Works and Days, Theogony (both 1959)
Martin Litchfield West – Works and Days, Theogony (both 1988)
Stanley Lombardo – Works and Days, Theogony (both 1993)
Glenn Warren Most – Works and Days, Theogony (both 2006)
A. E. Stallings – Works and Days (2018)

Translators of Homer

Translators of the Homeric Hymns

Apostolos Athanassakis (1976)
George Chapman (1624)^[45]
William Congreve – Hymn to Aphrodite (1710)
Hugh Evelyn-White (1914)
Helene P. Foley – Hymn to Demeter (2013)
Daryl Hine (2008)
Percy Bysshe Shelley – Hymn to Mercury (1820)

Translators of Lucian

Lionel Casson – satirical dialogues (1962, selections)
Thomas Francklin – complete works (1780–1781)

Translators of Menander

Gilbert Murray – Perikeiromene (1942), Epitrepontes (1945)
Douglass Parker – Samia (2014)
Burton Raffel
Alan Sommerstein – Samia (2013)
Phillip Vellacott – plays and fragments (1967)

Translators of Nicomachus

R. Catesby Taliaferro – Introduction to Arithmetic (1952)

Translators of On the Sublime

The author of On the Sublime is unknown, but conventionally referred to as Longinus or Pseudo-Longinus.

George Grube^[46]

Translators of Plotinus

The Enneads are Plotinus' only work.

E. R. Dodds^[33]
Stephen MacKenna (1930)

Translators of Plutarch

Arthur Hugh Clough – Parallel Lives (1859; revision of Dryden's version)
John Dryden – Parallel Lives (1683; mainly translated by others, with Dryden as editor)
Elizabeth I – Moralia (part)^[50]
Philemon Holland – Moralia (1603)
Ian Scott-Kilvert – parts of Parallel Lives (1960 and 1965)
Rex Warner – Parallel Lives (1958), Moralia (1971)

Translators of Polybius

Ian Scott-Kilvert – Histories (1979)

Translators of Porphyry of Tyre

Jonathan Barnes – Introduction^[51]
E. R. Dodds^[33]

Translators of Ptolemy

R. Catesby Taliaferro – Almagest (1952)
Gerald J. Toomer – Almagest (1984)

Translators of Sappho

Sappho's work survives only in fragments.

Willis Barnstone (1965, 1997, 2006, 2009)^[52]
Anne Carson (2002)
Richmond Lattimore (1949)

Translators of Sophocles

George Adams – complete plays (1729)
Robert Bagg – Oedipus Rex, Oedipus at Colonus, Antigone (all 2004), Women of Trachis, Electra (both 2011)
Theodore Alois Buckley – complete plays (1849)
Anne Carson – Electra (2001), Antigone (2015)
Kelly Cherry – Antigone (1998)
Richard Claverhouse Jebb – complete plays (1883–1896)
Peter Constantine – Oedipus Rex, Oedipus at Colonus, Antigone (all 2007)
Albert Spaulding Cook – Oedipus Rex (1957)
John Dryden – Oedipus Rex (1679, as Oedipus)
Robert Fagles – Oedipus Rex, Oedipus at Colonus, Antigone (all 1982)
Ruth Fainlight – Oedipus Rex, Oedipus at Colonus, Antigone (all 2009, with Robert J. Littman)
Dudley Fitts – Oedipus at Colonus (1941, with Robert Fitzgerald)
Edward FitzGerald – Oedipus Rex, Oedipus at Colonus (1881–1882)
Robert Fitzgerald – Oedipus at Colonus (1941, with Dudley Fitts)
Thomas Francklin – complete plays (1759)
George Garrett – Oedipus at Colonus (1999)
David Grene – Oedipus Rex (1942), Electra, Philoctetes (both 1957), Antigone (1970)
Peter Meineck – Oedipus Rex (2000, with Paul Woodruff), Oedipus at Colonus (2003), Electra, Philoctetes, Ajax, Women of Trachis (all 2007, with Paul Woodruff)
Gilbert Murray – Oedipus Rex (1911), Antigone (1941), Women of Trachis (1947), Oedipus at Colonus (1948)
Robert Potter – complete plays (1788)
Ezra Pound – Women of Trachis (1956)^[53]
Paul Roche – Oedipus Rex, Oedipus at Colonus, Antigone (all 1958), Ajax, Women of Trachis, Electra, Philoctetes (all 2001)
James Scully – Ajax, Philoctetes (both 2011)
Thomas Sheridan – Philoctetes (1725)
David R. Slavitt – Antigone, Oedipus Rex, Oedipus at Colonus (all 2007), Ajax, Women of Trachis, Electra, Philoctetes (all 2013)
Alan Sommerstein – selected fragmentary plays (2006, 2012)
Isaac William Stuart – Oedipus Rex (1837)
Don Taylor – Oedipus Rex (1986)
Lewis Theobald – Electra (1714), Ajax, Oedipus Rex (both 1715)
E. F. Watling – Oedipus Rex, Oedipus at Colonus, Antigone (all 1947), Ajax, Electra, Women of Trachis, Philoctetes (all 1953)
Paul Woodruff – Oedipus Rex (2000, with Peter Meineck), Antigone (2001), Electra, Philoctetes, Ajax, Women of Trachis (all 2007, with Peter Meineck)

Translators of Theophrastus

Richard Claverhouse Jebb – Characters (1870)
Phillip Vellacott – Characters (1967)

Translators of Thucydides

The History of the Peloponnesian War is Thucydides' only work.

Translators of Xenophon

William Barker – Cyropaedia (1567)^[54]
Philemon Holland – Cyropaedia (1632)
W. H. D. Rouse – Anabasis^[55]
Rex Warner – Anabasis (1949), Hellenica (1950)

Translators of ancient Hebrew

Translators of the Talmud

Nina Salaman (selections)

Translators of classical Latin

Henry Becher – Prosper of Aquitaine (authorship of original wrongly attributed to Ambrose)^[56]
Kelly Cherry – Octavia (1995)
E. F. Watling – Octavia (1966)

Translators of Ammianus Marcellinus

Philemon Holland (1613)

Translators of the Appendix Vergiliana

David R. Slavitt (2011, selections)

Translators of Apuleius

Translators of Augustine

Alfred the Great – Soliloquies of Augustine^[58]
Henry Chadwick – Confessions (1991)
Edward Bouverie Pusey – Confessions (1838)
R. Catesby Taliaferro – On Music (1947)
Rex Warner – Confessions (1963)

Translators of Ausonius

David R. Slavitt – epigrams (1998)

Translators of Avianus

David R. Slavitt (1993)

Translators of Boethius

Alfred the Great – On the Consolation of Philosophy^[58]
Geoffrey Chaucer – On the Consolation of Philosophy (as Boece, late 14th century)
Elizabeth I – On the Consolation of Philosophy^[50]

David R. Slavitt – On the Consolation of Philosophy (2008)
John Walton – On the Consolation of Philosophy (1410)^[59]

Translators of Julius Caesar

Rex Warner – Commentarii de Bello Gallico (1960), Commentarii de Bello Civili (1960)

Translators of Catullus

Translators of Cicero

Thomas Cooke – De Natura Deorum (1737)
Elizabeth I – Epistulae ad Familiares (2.6, c.1579),^[60] Pro Marcello^[61]
Thomas Francklin – De Natura Deorum (1741)

Translators of Claudian

David R. Slavitt – De raptu Proserpinae (1997)

Translators of Horace

Thomas Drant – Ars Poetica (1567),^[62] Epistles (1566),^[63] Odes^[62]
Stephen Harrison (classicist)
Burton Raffel
David R. Slavitt – Odes (2014)
David West

Translators of Juvenal

George Chapman – Satires 5 (1629)^[45]
John Dryden – Satires 1, 3, 6, 10 and 16 (1693)
Peter Green – Satires
Rolfe Humphries – Satires (1959)
Robert Lowell – Satires 10

Translators of Livy

Philemon Holland (1600)
Betty Radice – Books VI–X (1982)

Translators of Lucan

Robert Graves (prose version)
Christopher Marlowe – translated Book One of Lucan's Bellum Civile
Nicholas Rowe – produced a complete translation (1718)

Translators of Lucretius

NB: His only work was De rerum natura.

Translators of Marcus Aurelius

The Meditations are Marcus Aurelius' only work.

George Grube^[64]

Translators of Martial

Rolfe Humphries – Epigrams (1963, selections)
Peter Porter – Epigrams (1972)

Translators of Ovid

William Caxton – Metamorphoses (1480)^[65]
John Dryden – selections from Metamorphoses (1700)
Arthur Golding – Metamorphoses (1567)
Horace Gregory – Metamorphoses (1958), Amores (1964), Remedia Amoris (1964), Ars Amatoria (1964)
Seamus Heaney – Metamorphoses (1993)^[66]
Rolfe Humphries – Metamorphoses (1955), Ars Amatoria (1957)
Allen Mandelbaum – Metamorphoses (1993)
Charles Martin – Metamorphoses (2005)
George Sandys – Metamorphoses (1626)
David R. Slavitt – Tristia (1986), Epistulae ex Ponto (1989, selections), Metamorphoses (1994), Amores (2011), Remedia Amoris (2011), Heroides (2011)

Translators of Persius

John Dryden – Satires (1693)
W. S. Merwin – Satires (1960)

Translators of Petronius

The Satyricon is Petronius's only work.

William Arrowsmith (1959)

Translators of Plautus

Thomas Cooke – Amphitryon (1746)
Douglass Parker – Bacchides, Menaechmi (both 1999)
E. F. Watling – Rudens, Amphitryon, Mostellaria, Trinummus (all 1964), Aulularia, Captivi, Menaechmi, Miles Gloriosus, Pseudolus (all 1965)

Translators of Pliny the Elder

Philemon Holland (1601)

Translators of Pliny the Younger

Betty Radice – Epistulae (1963)

Translators of Propertius

The Elegies are Propertius' only work.

Ezra Pound^[67]
David R. Slavitt (2002)

Translators of Prudentius

David R. Slavitt – Liber Cathemerinon (1996)

Translators of Seneca the Younger

Elizabeth I – Epistulae Morales (no. 107, c.1567), Hercules Oetaeus (part, c.1589)^[60]
Dana Gioia – Hercules Furens (1995)
Rachel Hadas – Hercules Oetaeus (1995)
David R. Slavitt – Troades (1992), Thyestes (1992), Phaedra (1992), Medea (1992), Agamemnon (1992), Phoenissae (1995)
E. F. Watling – Thyestes, Phaedra, Troades, Oedipus (all 1966)

Translators of Statius

David R. Slavitt – Achilleid (1997)

Translators of Suetonius

Robert Graves
Philemon Holland (1606)

Translators of Tacitus

Elizabeth I – Annals^[50]

Translators of Terence

Thomas Cooke – complete plays (1734)
Douglass Parker – Eunuchus, Phormio (both 1974)
Betty Radice – Eunuchus (1965), Hecyra (1965), Adelphoe (1965), Heauton Timorumenos (1967), Andria (1967), Phormio (1967)

Translators of Tibullus

David R. Slavitt – Elegies to Delia from Book 1 (1985)

Translators of Valerius Flaccus

The Argonautica is Valerius Flaccus' only work.

David R. Slavitt (1999)

Translators of Virgil

Frederick Ahl
Charles J. Billson – Aeneid (1906)
William Caxton – Aeneid (1490, as Eneydos)^[68]
Cecil Day-Lewis (complete works)
Patrick Dickinson
Gavin Douglas – Aeneid (into Scots)
John Dryden (complete works)
Robert Fagles
Seamus Heaney – Aeneid Book VI^[69]
Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey (two books of the Aeneid into blank verse)
Rolfe Humphries – Aeneid (1951)
Kimberly Johnson – Georgics (2009)
W. F. Jackson Knight
Stanley Lombardo
Allen Mandelbaum – Aeneid (1981)
Clyde Pharr
Sarah Ruden
C. H. Sisson
David R. Slavitt – Eclogues (1971), Georgics (1972)

Translators of early medieval literature (6th to 9th centuries CE)

Translators of early medieval Arabic

Arthur John Arberry – Mu'allaqat

Translators of the Qur'an

Translators of early medieval Chinese

Willis Barnstone – Wang Wei^[52]
Jonathan Chaves – Zhang Ji
Chung Ling – Li Ye, Wu Zetian, Xue Tao, Yu Xuanji^[1]
Thomas Cleary – Wu Cailuan, Cui Shaoxuan, Zuowanglun
David Hinton – Bai Juyi, Du Fu, Li Bai, Meng Jiao, Wang Wei^[3]
Carolyn Kizer – Du Fu
Lin Yutang – Bai Juyi, Liu Zongyuan, Wang Wei, Yingying's Biography^[6]
A. Charles Muller – Guifeng Zongmi
Red Pine – Bodhidharma,^[70] Hanshan,^[71] Three Hundred Tang Poems,^[72] Wei Yingwu^[73]
Ezra Pound – Li Bai^[74]
Kenneth Rexroth – Du Fu,^[75] Li Ye,^[1] Six Dynasties poets,^[10] Wu Zetian, Xue Tao, Yu Xuanji^[1]
Arthur Waley – The Tale of Li Wa, Yingying's Biography
Burton Watson – Du Fu,^[76] Hanshan,^[77] Lu Yu^[78]

Translators of early medieval Greek

George Chapman – Musaeus Grammaticus^[45]

Translators of early medieval Hebrew

Nina Salaman – Eleazar beRabbi Qallir, selections from the Midrash Rabba

Translators of Old Irish

Thomas Cleary – Triads of Ireland
Thomas Kinsella – Saint Patrick's Breastplate
Frank O'Connor – poetry

Translators of early medieval Japanese

Jane Hirshfield and Mariko Aratani – Ono no Komachi
Donald Philippi – Kojiki, norito prayers
Kenneth Rexroth^[79]
Edward Seidensticker – Michitsuna's mother
Royall Tyler – The Tales of Ise
Arthur Waley – Man'yōshū (selections)

Translators of Old Korean

A. Charles Muller – Woncheuk, Wonhyo

Translators of early medieval Latin

Alfred the Great, Werferth, and Plegmund – Pope Gregory I^[58]
Albert Stanburrough Cook – Asser^[80]

Translators of medieval literature (10th to 14th centuries)

J. Thomas Rimer and Jonathan Chaves – Wakan rōeishū (1997, an 11th-century bilingual Chinese and Japanese poetry anthology)

Translators of Anglo-Norman

Robert Copland – Hugh of Rhuddlan^[81]

Translators of medieval Arabic

Translators of The Arabian Nights or The Thousand and One Nights

Translators of medieval Chinese

Jonathan Chaves – Wen Tong, Yang Wanli, Mei Yaochen
Chung Ling – Guan Daosheng, Li Qingzhao^[1]
Thomas Cleary – Sun Bu'er, Zhang Sanfeng
Lin Yutang – Li Qingzhao, Su Shi^[6]
Red Pine – Platform Sutra,^[82] Shiwu^[83]
Kenneth Rexroth – Song dynasty poets^[75] including Guan Daosheng, Li Qingzhao^[1]
Burton Watson – Lu You,^[84] Su Shi^[85]

Translators of Water Margin

Pearl Buck (1933)

Translators of Old East Slavic

Vladimir Nabokov – The Tale of Igor's Campaign^[86]

Translators of Old English (10th to mid-12th centuries)

Albert Stanburrough Cook – Judith^[87]
Kevin Crossley-Holland – The Battle of Maldon, The Dream of the Rood, The Seafarer, The Wanderer^[88]
Ezra Pound – The Seafarer^[89]

Translators of Beowulf

Translators of Middle English (mid-12th to 15th centuries)

John Gardner – Alliterative Morte Arthure, The Debate between Body and Soul, The Parlement of the Thre Ages, Somer Soneday, The Thrush and the Nightingale, Wynnere and Wastoure (all 1971)

Translators of Geoffrey Chaucer

Burton Raffel

Translators of the Gawain Poet (Pearl Poet)

Burton Raffel – Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (2009)
John Gardner – Pearl, Patience, Cleanness, St. Erkenwald (all 1965)
W. S. Merwin – Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (2002)
J. R. R. Tolkien – Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Pearl (both a.1973, published 1975)

Translators of William Langland

Piers Plowman is Langland's only known work.

E. Talbot Donaldson (1949)

Translators of Layamon's Brut

Frederic Madden (1847)

Translators of Sir Orfeo

J. R. R. Tolkien (a.1973, published 1975)

Translators of The Owl and the Nightingale

John Gardner (1971)

Translators of Old French and early Middle French

William Atkinson – Thomas à Kempis (from French translation of Latin original)^[90]
William Caxton – Geoffroy IV de la Tour Landry,^[91] Raoul Lefèvre^[92]
Andrew Chertsey^[93]
Robert Copland^[94]
Eleanor Hull, Lady Hull – commentary on the penitential psalms, prayers, and meditations^[95] (the first known female translator from French to English)
W. S. Merwin – Robert the Devil (1981, from the 14th-century play version)
Sarah Jane Murray – L'Ovide moralisé
Ezra Pound – Arnaut Daniel^[96]
James Yonge – Secretum Secretorum^[97] (from French translation)

Translators of Chrétien de Troyes

Burton Raffel

Translators of Christine de Pizan

Brian Anslay – The Book of the City of Ladies^[98]

Translators of Roman de la Rose

Geoffrey Chaucer

Translators of the Song of Roland

W. S. Merwin (1963)

Translators of Middle High German

Translators of the Nibelungenlied

Translators of medieval Hebrew

Abraham Regelson – Judah Halevi
Nina Salaman – Abraham ibn Ezra, Joseph ben Samuel Bonfils, Judah Halevi, the Machzor, Meir of Rothenburg, Solomon ibn Gabirol
David R. Slavitt – Solomon ibn Gabirol

Translators of medieval Irish

Seamus Heaney – Buile Shuibhne^[100]
Thomas Kinsella – Longes mac n-Uislenn from the Ulster Cycle
Frank O'Connor – poetry

Translators of the Táin Bó Cúailnge

Thomas Kinsella

Translators of medieval Italian

Robert Dallington – Francesco Colonna^[101]
Ezra Pound – Guido Cavalcanti^[102]
David R. Slavitt – Guido Cavalcanti

Translators of Giovanni Boccaccio

John Dryden – selections from the Decameron (1700)
David R. Slavitt – Eclogues (2010)

Translators of Dante Alighieri

Translators of Petrarch

George Chapman – Penitential Psalms^[45]
David R. Slavitt – sonnets and shorter poems (2012)
Thomas Wyatt

Translators of Giorgio Vasari

Evangeline Wilbour Blashfield – translated Lives of the Painters (4 vols., 1897)

Translators of medieval Japanese

Donald Keene – Yoshida Kenkō, The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter
W. S. Merwin and Sōiku Shigematsu – Musō Soseki
Ivan Morris – Sarashina Nikki
A. Charles Muller – Dōgen
Kenneth Rexroth^[79]
Royall Tyler – Kasuga Gongen Genki E, The Tale of Heiji, The Tale of Hōgen, The Tale of the Heike
Arthur Waley – Kokin Wakashū (selections)
Burton Watson – Nichiren,^[103] Saigyō,^[104] The Tale of the Heike^[105]

Translators of Sei Shōnagon

Translators of The Tale of Genji

Translators of medieval Korean

Robert Buswell Jr. – Jinul
A. Charles Muller – Jinul, Kihwa

Translators of medieval Latin

Stephen Batman – Bartholomaeus Anglicus^[106]
William Caxton – Jacobus de Cessolis,^[92] Jacobus de Voragine^[107]
David R. Slavitt – Gregorio Correr
John Trevisa – Ranulf Higden
James Yonge – Gerald of Wales^[97]

Translators of Peter Abelard and Heloise

Betty Radice (letters)

Translators of Thomas Aquinas

Ralph McInerny

Translators of Erasmus

Translators of Geoffrey of Monmouth

Translators of medieval Manx

Jennifer Kewley Draskau – Manannan Ballad

Translators of Old Norse

George Borrow^[109]
Lee M. Hollander – Eyrbyggja saga,^[110] Fóstbrœðra saga,^[111] Heimskringla,^[112] Jómsvíkinga saga,^[113] Kormáks saga,^[111] Njáls saga,^[114] Ögmundar þáttr dytts,^[115] Poetic Edda,^[116] Víga-Glúms saga^[115]
George Benson Johnston – Færeyinga saga,^[117] Gísla saga,^[118] Saga of the Greenlanders^[119]
Gwyn Jones – Egil's Saga,^[120] Hænsa-Þóris saga,^[120] Hrafnkels saga,^[121] Kjalnesinga saga,^[121] Saga of Erik the Red,^[120] Þorsteins saga hvíta,^[121] Vápnfirðinga saga,^[121] Vatnsdæla saga^[120]
Magnus Magnusson and Hermann Pálsson – Njáls saga, Haralds saga Sigurðarsonar, Laxdæla saga, Saga of Erik the Red, Saga of the Greenlanders^[122]
Hermann Pálsson and Paul Edwards – Egil's Saga,^[123] Eymundar þáttr hrings,^[124] Eyrbyggja saga,^[125] Gautreks saga,^[126] Göngu-Hrólfs saga,^[127] Hrólfs saga Gautrekssonar,^[128] Knýtlinga saga,^[129] Landnámabók,^[130] Orkneyinga Saga,^[131] Ǫrvar-Odds saga,^[132] Yngvars saga víðförla^[124]

Translators of medieval Persian

Dick Davis and Afkham Darband – Ferdowsi
Edward FitzGerald – Jami
Rebecca Gould – Hasan Sijzi
William Jones – Hafez
Reynold A. Nicholson – Ali al-Hujwiri
Wheeler Thackston – Nasir Khusraw, Saadi Shirazi

Translators of Attar of Nishapur

Translators of Omar Khayyam

Translators of Rumi

Translators of Old Spanish

W. S. Merwin – ballads (1961)

Translators of Cantar de mio Cid

W. S. Merwin (1959)

Translators of medieval Vietnamese

Burton Raffel – Không Lộ, Lý Thái Tông, Trần Nhân Tông, Trần Quang Khải, Trần Thánh Tông

Translators of Middle Welsh

Translators of Y Gododdin

Kenneth H. Jackson

Translators of the Mabinogion

Translators of medieval Yiddish

Joachim Neugroschel

Translators of early modern literature (15th to 17th centuries)

Translators of Middle Armenian

Ewald Osers – Nahapet Kuchak

Translators of Old Catalan

David H. Rosenthal – Tirant lo Blanch

Translators of early modern Chinese

Cary Baynes – The Secret of the Golden Flower (via the German of Richard Wilhelm)^[133]
Jonathan Chaves – Yuan Hongdao, Wu Li
Chung Ling – Ma Shouzhen, Wang Wei^[1]
Thomas Cleary – Anthology on Cultivation of Realization, Hong Zicheng, The Secret of the Golden Flower
Kenneth Rexroth – Ma Shouzhen^[1]
Lin Yutang – including Jin Shengtan, Li Yu, Wang Wei^[6]

Translators of Journey to the West

Arthur Waley

Translators of early modern Dutch

Translators of Middle French

Edward Aggas^[136]
John Alday^[137]
John Alford – Adrian Le Roy^[138]
Peter Allibond — Jean Delespine^[139]
Robert Ashley – Louis le Roy^[140]
Thomas Bowes – Pierre de La Primaudaye^[141]
John Brooke – Guido de Bres, Pierre Viret^[142]
Charles Cotterell – La Calprenède
Elizabeth I – Marguerite de Navarre^[60]
Robert Fills – including Theodore Beza
Sir Thomas North – Jacques Amyot (Plutarch's Parallel Lives (1580) from Amyot's French; this was the version William Shakespeare used as a source for his Roman plays)

Translators of John Calvin

Elizabeth I – Institutes of the Christian Religion^[61]

Translators of Cyrano de Bergerac

Curtis Hidden Page

Translators of Molière

Translators of Michel de Montaigne

Translators of François Rabelais

Translators of early modern German

John Brooke – Martin Luther, Philipp Melanchthon^[142]
Myles Coverdale – Heinrich Bullinger,^[143] Martin Luther,^[144] Andreas Osiander,^[145] Otto Werdmüller^[146]
Richard Eden – Sebastian Münster^[147]
Douglas Robinson – Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Martin Luther

Translators of early modern Irish

Thomas Kinsella – poetry
Frank O'Connor – poetry

Translators of early modern Italian

Translators of Ludovico Ariosto

David R. Slavitt – Orlando Furioso (2009)

Translators of Niccolò Machiavelli

Translators of Torquato Tasso

Richard Carew – Jerusalem Delivered^[150]
Edward Fairfax – Jerusalem Delivered^[151]

Translators of early modern Japanese

Jonathan Chaves – Ishikawa Jōzan
Thomas Cleary – Yagyū Munenori, Miyamoto Musashi, Takuan Sōhō
Ivan Morris – Ihara Saikaku
Kenneth Rexroth^[79]

Translators of Matsuo Bashō

Donald Keene
Lucien Stryk and Takahashi Ikemoto

Translators of early modern Latin

Edward Aglionby – Matteo Gribaldi^[152]
Edmund Allen – Alexander Ales, Philipp Melanchthon, Konrad Pellikan^[153]
Peter Allibond – Hermann Rennecher^[139]
Robert Ashley – Sebastián Fox Morcillo^[140]
Peter Ashton – Paolo Giovio (from Latin translation of Italian original)^[154]
Anne Bacon – John Jewel^[155]
George Bancroft^[156]
Mary Basset – Thomas More^[44]
Stephen Batman – Conrad Lycosthenes^[106]
Henry Bennet – Wolfgang Capito, Simon Grynaeus, Martin Luther, Philipp Melanchthon, Oswald Myconius^[157]
Henry Billingsley – Peter Martyr Vermigli^[158]
John Brooke – Jean Garnier^[142]
Myles Coverdale – Heinrich Bullinger,^[159] Johannes Gropper,^[160] Martin Luther^[161]
Richard Eden – Jean Taisnier^[147]
Louis J. Gallagher – Nicolas Trigault's translation of Matteo Ricci
David R. Slavitt – Jean Daurat, John Owen

Translators of René Descartes

John Cottingham, Robert Stoothoff and Dugald Murdoch
Elizabeth Haldane, G. R. T. Ross

Translators of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

Peter Remnant and Jonathan Bennett

Translators of John Milton

David R. Slavitt – Latin poems (2011)

Translators of Baruch Spinoza

George Eliot – Ethics (1856)

Translators of early modern Persian

Wheeler Thackston – Abul Fazl, Jahangir

Translators of early modern Polish

Seamus Heaney and Stanisław Barańczak – Jan Kochanowski^[162]

Translators of Middle Scots

Seamus Heaney – Robert Henryson^[163]

Translators of Early Modern Spanish

Robert Ashley – Miguel de Luna^[140]
Willis Barnstone – John of the Cross, Juana Inés de la Cruz, Luis de León, Francisco de Quevedo^[52]
Richard Carew – Juan Huarte de San Juan^[164]
J. M. Cohen – Teresa of Ávila, Bernal Díaz del Castillo, Christopher Columbus, Fernando de Rojas, Agustín de Zárate
Charles Cotterell – Juan de Palafox y Mendoza
Richard Eden – Martín Cortés de Albacar^[147]
Ruth Fainlight and Alan Sillitoe – Lope de Vega
Edward FitzGerald – Pedro Calderón de la Barca
Lucia Graves – Christopher Columbus (Columbus's letter on the first voyage)^[165]
Edith Grossman – Luis de Góngora, Juana Inés de la Cruz^[166]
James Mabbe – Mateo Alemán, Fernando de Rojas^[167]
W. S. Merwin – Lazarillo de Tormes, Lope de Rueda
David R. Slavitt – João Pinto Delgado
John Sturrock – María de Zayas

Translators of Miguel de Cervantes

J. M. Cohen
Alexander J. Duffield
Edith Grossman (2003)^[166]
John D. Rutherford (also a translator of Galician)
Charles Jervas
James Mabbe^[167]
Pierre Antoine Motteux
John Ormsby (later revised by Joseph R. Jones and Kenneth Douglas)
Samuel Putnam
Burton Raffel
Thomas Shelton
Tobias Smollett
Walter Starkie
Henry Edward Watts

Translators of early modern Turkish

George Borrow – Fuzuli^[168]

Translators of early modern Vietnamese

Burton Raffel – Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm, Nguyễn Trãi

Translators of early modern Yiddish

Joachim Neugroschel – including Glückel of Hameln

Translators of late modern literature (18th and 19th centuries)

Translators of late modern Ainu

Donald Philippi – folk epics

Translators of late modern Armenian

Leon Surmelian – Daredevils of Sassoun (from version collected in 19th century; the oral tradition is older), Armenian folktales

Translators of late modern Bengali

Translators of Michael Madhusudan Dutt

William Radice

Translators of late modern Chinese

Chung Ling – Qiu Jin, Wu Zao^[1]
Thomas Cleary – Spiritual Alchemy for Women (1899 Taoist treatise)
Kenneth Rexroth – Qiu Jin, Wu Zao^[1]
Lin Yutang – including Shen Fu, Wang Kaiyun^[6]

Translators of Cao Xueqin

Lin Yutang^[6]

Translators of late modern Danish

George Borrow – Adam Oehlenschläger^[109]

Translators of Hans Christian Andersen

Translators of Søren Kierkegaard

Translators of late modern Finnish

George Borrow^[168]
Edward Dundas Butler – Bernhard Fredrik Godenhjelm
Douglas Robinson – Aleksis Kivi

Translators of late modern French

Translators of Honoré de Balzac

Richard Howard

Translators of Charles Baudelaire

Translators of François-René de Chateaubriand

Robert Baldick

Translators of Alexandre Dumas

Translators of Gustave Flaubert

Translators of Victor Hugo

Translators of Stéphane Mallarmé

Mary Ann Caws

Translators of Guy de Maupassant

Translators of Arthur Rimbaud

Translators of Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Translators of George Sand

Tina Kover

Translators of Stendhal

Translators of Alexis de Tocqueville

Arthur Goldhammer

Translators of Jules Verne

Translators of Voltaire

Peter Constantine

Translators of Émile Zola

Translators of late modern German

Constance Bache – Hans von Bülow, Frédéric Chopin, Engelbert Humperdinck, Johann Christian Lobe, Robert Schumann, Richard Wagner
Susan Bernofsky – Jeremias Gotthelf, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
George Borrow – Friedrich Maximilian von Klinger^[172]
Thomas Carlyle – Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué, Johann Karl August Musäus, Jean Paul, Ludwig Tieck
Robert Seymour Conway – Karl Brugmann^[26]
Albert Stanburrough Cook – Eduard Sievers^[173]
George Godfrey Cunningham – Johann August Apel, Johann Gustav Gottlieb Büsching, Christian Gottfried Körner, Friedrich Laun, Friederike Lohmann, Caroline de la Motte Fouqué, Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué, Henrik Steffens, Ludwig Tieck, Carl Weisflog, Johann Rudolf Wyss
George Eliot – Ludwig Feuerbach, David Strauss
Michael Hamburger – Ludwig van Beethoven, Friedrich Hölderlin
Mary E. Ireland – Elisabeth Philippine Karoline von Dewitz, Gustav Nieritz, Emmy von Rhoden
Aubertine Woodward Moore – Robert von Bayer^[99]
Natias Neutert – Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff
Katherine Raleigh – August Heinrich Petiscus
Douglas Robinson – Johann Gottfried Herder, Wilhelm von Humboldt, Novalis, August Wilhelm Schlegel
W. H. D. Rouse – Karl Brugmann^[26]
Barbara Wright – Christian Dietrich Grabbe
Adolf Zytogorski – Johann Karl August Musäus, Carl Franz van der Velde

Translators of the Brothers Grimm

Translators of Heinrich Heine

Douglas Robinson (poetry)
Herman George Scheffauer

Translators of E. T. A. Hoffmann

Translators of Immanuel Kant

Translators of Friedrich Nietzsche

Translators of Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling

Andrew Bowie

Translators of Friedrich Schleiermacher

Translators of Arthur Schopenhauer

Translators of late modern Hungarian

Edward Dundas Butler – Hungarian poems and fables, János Arany

Translators of late modern Irish

Seamus Heaney – Brian Merriman^[66]
Kenneth H. Jackson – various pieces in A Celtic Miscellany
Thomas Kinsella – poetry
Frank O'Connor – poetry including Brian Merriman, Eibhlín Dubh Ní Chonaill

Translators of late modern Italian

Raymond Rosenthal – Giovanni Verga
William Weaver – Arrigo Boito, Giuseppe Verdi

Translators of Giacomo Leopardi

Translators of Giambattista Vico

Thomas Goddard Bergin and Max Harold Fisch

Translators of late modern Japanese

Translators of late modern Manchu

George Borrow – Qianlong Emperor^[168]

Translators of late modern Norwegian

Aubertine Woodward Moore – Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Kristofer Janson^[99]

Translators of late modern Persian

William Jones – Mirza Mehdi Khan Astarabadi (via French translation)

Translators of late modern Polish

Translators of late modern Punjabi

Reynold A. Nicholson – Bulleh Shah
Taufiq Rafat – Bulleh Shah, Qadir Yar

Translators of late modern Russian

Translators of Anton Chekhov

Translators of Fyodor Dostoyevsky

Ignat Avsey – The Village of Stepanchikovo 1983, The Brothers Karamazov 1994, A Gentle Spirit 1996, Humiliated and Insulted 2008, The Idiot 2010
Henry and Olga Carlisle
Ann Dunnigan
Constance Garnett^[177]
Mirra Ginsburg^[179]
David Magarshack
David McDuff
Alan Myers^[180]
Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky
Michael Scammell
Frederick Whishaw

Translators of Nikolai Gogol

Translators of Mikhail Lermontov

Translators of Alexander Pushkin

Translators of Leo Tolstoy

Translators of Ivan Turgenev

George Reavey^[185]

Translators of late modern Scottish Gaelic

George Borrow^[109]

Translators of late modern Sindhi

Reynold A. Nicholson – Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai

Translators of late modern Swedish

George Borrow^[109]

Translators of late modern Ukrainian

George Borrow^[176]

Translators of late modern Urdu

Musharraf Ali Farooqi – Hamzanama (from 1871 version of medieval original)^[186]

Translators of late modern Vietnamese

Burton Raffel – Hồ Xuân Hương, Nguyễn Du, Nguyễn Hữu Chỉnh, Nguyễn Khuyến, Trần Tế Xương

Translators of late modern Welsh

George Borrow – Ellis Wynne^[187]

Translators of late modern Yiddish

Joachim Neugroschel – including Isaac Mayer Dick, Jacob Dinezon, Solomon Ettinger, Yitzkhok Yoel Linetzky, Mendele Mocher Sforim, Mordecai Spector

Translators of contemporary literature (20th century onward)

Translators of Ainu

Donald Philippi – folk epics

Translators of Albanian

Translators of Ismail Kadare

Translators of Arabic

Translators of Basque

Margaret Jull Costa – Bernardo Atxaga^[188]

Translators of Bengali

Translators of Upendrakishore Ray Chowdhury

William Radice

Translators of Rabindranath Tagore

William Radice
Rabindranath Tagore – translated many of his own works into English

Translators of Bosnian

Will Firth – Faruk Šehić, Bekim Sejranović

Translators of Bulgarian

Ewald Osers – Nikola Vaptsarov
Nadejda Stancioff – memoirs of Anna de Grenaud (Stancioff's mother)

Translators of Chinese

Translators of Croatian

Will Firth – Marinko Koščec, Tatjana Gromača, Miroslav Krleža, Robert Perišić, Vedrana Rudan, Ivan B. Vodopija
Michael Henry Heim – Dubravka Ugrešić

Translators of Czech

Willis Barnstone – Bronislava Volková^[52]
Seamus Heaney – Leoš Janáček^[189]
Michael Henry Heim – Josef Hiršal, Jan Neruda
Ewald Osers – Miroslav Holub, Ivan Klíma, Óndra Łysohorsky, Vítězslav Nezval, Jaroslav Seifert, Jan Skácel
Frank Wynne – Petr Král

Translators of Karel Čapek

Translators of Jaroslav Hašek

Cecil Parrott

Translators of Bohumil Hrabal

Michael Henry Heim

Translators of Milan Kundera

Michael Henry Heim

Translators of Danish

Anthea Bell – Bjarne Reuter

Translators of Dutch

Michael Henry Heim – Hugo Claus
C. J. Stevens – poetry including Paul de Vree

Translators of Faroese

George Benson Johnston^[190]

Translators of Finnish

Douglas Robinson – Elina Hirvonen, Mia Kankimäki, Volter Kilpi, Maaria Koskiluoma, Tuomas Kyrö, Arto Paasilinna, Yrjö Varpio

Translators of Flemish

C. J. Stevens – poetry

Translators of French

Gilbert Adair – François Truffaut
Esther Allen – Linda Lê, Consuelo de Saint-Exupéry^[191]
Robert Baldick – Philippe Ariès, Henri Barbusse, Philippe Jullian, Pierre Louÿs, Jules Roy
Anthea Bell – Anne-Laure Bondoux, Jean-Michel Charlier, René Goscinny (including Asterix)
David Bellos – Daniel Anselme, Hélène Berr, Frédéric Dard, Paul Fournel, Romain Gary, Delphine Horvilleur, Georges Ifrah, Maxime Rovère, Fred Vargas
Mary Ann Caws – André Breton, René Char, Robert Desnos, Paul Éluard, Pierre Reverdy, Tristan Tzara
Patricia Claxton – Nicole Brossard, Jacques Godbout, Naïm Kattan, André Major, Fernand Ouellet, Gérard Pelletier, François Ricard, André Roy, Gabrielle Roy, France Théoret, Pierre-Elliott Trudeau, Marcel Trudel
J. M. Cohen – Pierre Teilhard de Chardin
Ruth Fainlight – Jean Joubert
Sheila Fischman – Quebec literature including Hubert Aquin, Yves Beauchemin, Marie-Claire Blais, Roch Carrier, Dominique Fortier, François Gravel, Anne Hébert, Suzanne Jacob, Jacques Poulin, Kim Thúy, Michel Tremblay
Grace Frick – Marguerite Yourcenar (her partner)
Stuart Gilbert – Roger Martin du Gard, André Malraux
Roland Glasser – Anne Cuneo, Adeline Dieudonné, Fiston Mwanza Mujila, Martin Page
Arthur Goldhammer – including Marguerite Duras, Thomas Piketty, Michel Tournier
Wangui wa Goro – Véronique Tadjo
Daniel Hahn – Philippe Claudel
Michael Henry Heim – Milan Kundera (Jacques and His Master, originally in French), Henri Troyat
Richard Howard – including André Breton, Salvador Dalí, Marguerite Duras, Michel Foucault, Charles de Gaulle, Nikos Kazantzakis, Maurice Maeterlinck, Alain Robbe-Grillet, Claude Simon
Carolyn Kizer – African poetry
Tina Kover – Anne Berest, Claire Berest, Antoine Compagnon, Maurice G. Dantec, Négar Djavadi, Anna Gavalda, Alexandra Lapierre, Marc Levy, Luis de Miranda, Benoît Peeters, Auguste Rodin
Max Lawton – Jonathan Littell^[192]
Ralph Manheim – Louis-Ferdinand Céline, Aimé Césaire, Henry Corbin, Romain Gary, Abdallah Laroui, Victor Serge
Wyatt Mason – Pierre Michon
W. S. Merwin – Jean Follain
Ian Monk – Marie Darrieussecq, Yannick Haenel, Camille Laurens, Daniel Pennac, Matthieu Ricard, Jacques Roubaud, Raymond Roussel, Hervé Le Tellier, Trinh Xuan Thuan
Joachim Neugroschel – Tahar Ben Jelloun
Ezra Pound – Remy de Gourmont^[193]
George Reavey – Paul Éluard^[181]
Kenneth Rexroth – Oscar Milosz,^[194] Pierre Reverdy^[195]
R. B. Russell – Alain-Fournier
Beatrix Lucia Catherine Tollemache – Adèle Huguenin
Jean Starr Untermeyer – poetry
Louise Varèse – Julien Gracq, Saint-John Perse
Shaun Whiteside – Michel Houellebecq, Patrick Rambaud
Barbara Wright – including Samuel Beckett, Marguerite Duras, Jean Genet, Alberto Giacometti, Eugène Ionesco, Robert Pinget, Alain Robbe-Grillet, Nathalie Sarraute
Frank Wynne – including Jean-Baptiste Del Amo, Virginie Despentes, Mathias Énard, Michel Houellebecq, Boualem Sansal, Dominique Sigaud

Translators of Roland Barthes

Richard Howard

Translators of Georges Bataille

Joachim Neugroschel

Translators of Simone de Beauvoir

Richard Howard

Translators of Albert Camus

Translators of Jean Cocteau

Stuart Gilbert

Translators of Jacques Derrida

Translators of Anatole France

Curtis Hidden Page

Translators of André Gide

Richard Howard

Translators of Georges Perec

Translators of Marcel Proust

Scott Moncrieff, Stephen Hudson, Terence Kilmartin and D. J. Enright
Joachim Neugroschel
Christopher Prendergast, with Lydia Davis, Mark Treharne, James Grieve, John Sturrock, Carol Clark, Peter Collier, and Ian Patterson
Louise Varèse

Translators of Raymond Queneau

Translators of Antoine de Saint-Exupéry

Translators of Jean-Paul Sartre

Translators of Georges Simenon

Translators of Georgian

Rebecca Gould – Alexander Kazbegi, Vazha-Pshavela

Translators of German

Anthea Bell – Hans Bemmann, Karen Duve, Hans Magnus Enzensberger, Cornelia Funke, Kerstin Gier, Ruth Hürlimann, Erich Kästner, Kai Meyer, Antonia Michaelis, Christine Nöstlinger, Otfried Preußler, Saša Stanišić, Władysław Szpilman (from German version)
Susan Bernofsky – Jenny Erpenbeck, Gregor von Rezzori, Paul Scheerbart, Péter Szondi, Yoko Tawada, Robert Walser, Uljana Wolf
Peter Constantine – Hannah Arendt, Heinrich Blücher, Hans Deichmann, Werner Tiki Küstenmacher, Benjamin Lebert, Bernhard Schlink
Michael Hamburger – Gottfried Benn, Paul Celan, Hans Magnus Enzensberger, Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Nelly Sachs, Georg Trakl
Michael Henry Heim – Hans Magnus Enzensberger, Terézia Mora, Bernhard Schlink
Mary E. Ireland – Bertha Clément, Hermann Nietschmann
Max Lawton – Michael Lentz^[196]
Ralph Manheim – Alfred Andersch, Hermann Broch, Michael Ende, Werner Haftmann, Konrad Heiden, Adolf Hitler, Léo Lania, Wilhelm Reich, Fritz Sternberg, Kurt Weill
Joachim Neugroschel – Elias Canetti, Joseph Goebbels, Ernst Jünger, Gregor von Rezzori, Joseph Roth, Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, Albert Schweitzer, Manès Sperber
Natias Neutert – Gottfried Benn, Joachim Ringelnatz
Ewald Osers – Rose Ausländer, Thomas Bernhard, Paul Carell, Albrecht Fölsing, Sebastian Haffner, Michael Krüger, Reiner Kunze, Heinz Piontek, Rüdiger Safranski, Richard Strauss (with H. Hammelmann)
William Radice – Sigfrid Gauch, Martin Kämpchen
Douglas Robinson – Martin Buber
Herman George Scheffauer – Otto Braun, Rudolf Herzog, Georg Kaiser, Bernhard Kellermann, Klabund, Rosa Mayreder, Erich Mendelsohn, Bruno Taut
Jean Starr Untermeyer – Oskar Bie, Hermann Broch
Leila Vennewitz – Alfred Andersch, Jurek Becker, Nicolas Born, Friedrich Dürrenmatt, Uwe Johnson, Walter Kempowski, Alexander Kluge, Uwe Timm, Martin Walser
C. V. Wedgwood – Karl Brandi, Elias Canetti
Shaun Whiteside – Lilian Faschinger, Marlen Haushofer, Walter Kempowski, Gert Ledig, Charles Lewinsky, Ralf Rothmann, Tilman Spengler, Judith Schalansky, Bernhard Schlink, Sybille Steinbacher

Translators of Heinrich Böll

Leila Vennewitz

Translators of Bertolt Brecht

Translators of Gottlob Frege

Michael Dummett

Translators of Sigmund Freud

Translators of Günter Grass

Translators of Peter Handke

Ralph Manheim

Translators of Martin Heidegger

Translators of Hermann Hesse

Translators of Edmund Husserl

J. N. Findlay

Translators of Elfriede Jelinek

Joachim Neugroschel

Translators of Carl Jung

Translators of Franz Kafka

Translators of Thomas Mann

Translators of Robert Musil

Translators of Rainer Maria Rilke

Translators of W. G. Sebald

Translators of Ludwig Wittgenstein

Elizabeth Anscombe

Translators of Stefan Zweig

Anthea Bell

Translators of Gikuyu

Translators of Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o

Wangui wa Goro

Translators of Greenlandic

David R. Slavitt – translated poets Torkilk Mørch, Gerda Hvisterdahl, and Innunquaq Larsen (2012, with Nive Grønkjær)

Translators of modern Greek

Willis Barnstone – Margarita Liberaki^[52]
Peter Constantine – Yannis Souliotis
Rex Warner – On the Greek Style: Selected Essays in Poetry and Hellenism by Giorgos Seferis (1967; co-translation with T. D. Frangopoulous)

Translators of Haitian Creole

Peter Constantine – Felix Morrisseau-Leroy

Translators of Hebrew

Curt Leviant – Yehudah Yudel Rosenberg
Stephen Mitchell – Yehuda Amichai, Dan Pagis
Abraham Regelson – including Ya'akov Cahan, Jakob Klatzkin, and some of his own Hebrew works
Nina Salaman – Naftali Herz Imber
Lazarre Seymour Simckes – Shmuel Yosef Agnon, Haim Gouri, Yoram Kaniuk, Nava Semel
Jean Starr Untermeyer – poetry

Translators of Hindi

David Rubin – Susham Bedi, Sumitranandan Pant, Jaishankar Prasad, Premchand, Shrilal Shukla, Suryakant Tripathi, Mahadevi Varma

Translators of Hungarian

Michael Henry Heim – György Konrád, István Örkény
Ralph Manheim – János Székely

Translators of Péter Esterházy

Michael Henry Heim

Translators of Icelandic

Magnus Magnusson – Halldór Laxness^[122]

Translators of Irish

Douglas Hyde – folktales and songs

Translators of Italian

William Arrowsmith – Eugenio Montale, Cesare Pavese, Mario Tobino
Keith Botsford – Emilio Gentile, Massimo Piattelli-Palmarini
Richard Dixon – Franco Buffoni, Roberto Calasso, Eugenio De Signoribus, Marcello Fois, Pope Francis, Carlo Emilio Gadda, Federico Marchetti Stefano Massini, Antonio Moresco, Marco Santagata, Paolo Volponi
Jonathan Galassi – Eugenio Montale
Louis J. Gallagher – Cesare Moreschini
Ann Goldstein – Alessandro Baricco, Giancarlo De Cataldo, Alba de Céspedes, Donatella Di Pietrantonio, Elena Ferrante, Helena Janeczek, Jhumpa Lahiri, Amara Lakhous, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Pia Pera
Raymond Rosenthal – Aldo Busi, Carlo Cassola, Pietro Citati, Gabriele D'Annunzio, Tommaso Landolfi, Vasco Pratolini, Pietro Redondi, Mario Tobino
Herman George Scheffauer – Gabriele D'Annunzio
William Weaver – including Giorgio Bassani, Carlo Emilio Gadda, Elsa Morante, Alberto Moravia
Shaun Whiteside – Paolo Giordano, Nicola Pugliese, Helga Schneider, Wu Ming
Beryl de Zoete – Alberto Moravia

Translators of Italo Calvino

William Weaver

Translators of Umberto Eco

Translators of Primo Levi

Translators of Luigi Pirandello

William Weaver

Translators of Italo Svevo

Translators of Indonesian

Burton Raffel – Chairil Anwar

Translators of Japanese

Nancy Andrew – Ryū Murakami
Jonathan Chaves – Fukuda Kodojin, Chō Kōran, Yanagawa Seigan
John Gardner – Kikuo Itaya (with Nobuko Tsukui)
Howard Hibbett – Yasunari Kawabata, Michio Takeyama, Jun'ichirō Tanizaki
Donald Keene – Kōbō Abe, Osamu Dazai, Yasunari Kawabata, Yukio Mishima, Makoto Oda, Yūzō Yamamoto
Hideo Levy – Otohiko Kaga
Ivan Morris – Masuji Ibuse, Yukio Mishima, Shōhei Ōoka, Jirō Osaragi
Kenneth Rexroth – poetry^[199]^[79] including Kazuko Shiraishi^[200]
Donald Richie – film subtitles and screenplays
Frederik L. Schodt – various manga
Edward Seidensticker – Yasushi Inoue, Yasunari Kawabata, Yukio Mishima, Kafū Nagai, Jun'ichirō Tanizaki
Alexander O. Smith – novelists including Keigo Higashino, Miyuki Miyabe; video games including Final Fantasy X, Ace Attorney, Vagrant Story
Lucien Stryk – Shinkichi Takahashi
Royall Tyler – Matsutarō Kawaguchi, Shōtarō Yasuoka
Burton Watson – Daisaku Ikeda,^[201] Mori Ōgai,^[202] Santōka Taneda^[203]

Translators of Korean

Don Mee Choi – Ahn Hak-sop, Kim Hyesoon, Yi Sang
Bruce and Juchan Fulton – including Cheon Unyeong, Cho Se-hui, Han Yujoo, Hwang Sunwon, Kim Ae-Ran, Kim Sagwa, O Jeonghui

Translators of Macedonian

Will Firth – Petre M. Andreevski, Dimitar Baševski, Jordan Plevnes, Aleksandar Prokopiev, Dušan Ristevski, Ivan Trposki
Carolyn Kizer – poetry
Ewald Osers – Mateja Matevski

Translators of Maltese

Arthur John Arberry – Dun Karm Psaila

Translators of Montenegrin

Will Firth – Stefan Bošković, Andrej Nikolaidis, Slavica Perović, Ognjen Spahić

Translators of Nepali

David Rubin – Laxmi Prasad Devkota
Abhi Subedi – poetry
Suman Pokhrel – including Geeta Tripathee

Translators of Norwegian

George Benson Johnston – Knut Ødegård^[204]

Translators of Persian

A. J. Arberry – Muhammad Iqbal
M. R. Ghanoonparvar – Mohammadreza Bayrami, Bahram Beyzai, Sadeq Chubak, Simin Daneshvar, Houshang Golshiri, Shahrokh Meskoob, Ja'far Modarres-Sadeghi, Moniro Ravanipour, Nima Yooshij
Rebecca Gould and Kayvan Tahmasebian – Hasan Alizadeh, Bijan Elahi
Sara Khalili – including Shahriar Mandanipour, Shahrnush Parsipur, Parinoush Saniee, Goli Taraghi
Reynold A. Nicholson – Muhammad Iqbal
Niloufar Talebi – including Ahmad Shamlou
Sholeh Wolpe – including Forugh Farrokhzad

Translators of Sadegh Hedayat

Translators of Polish

Jerzy Ficowski – Bruno Schulz
Louis Iribarne – Stanisław Witkiewicz
Czesław Miłosz – Zbigniew Herbert
Barbara Wright and Franciszka Themerson – Stefan Themerson
Jane Zielonko — Czesław Miłosz

Translators of Stanisław Lem

Translators of Olga Tokarczuk

Jennifer Croft

Translators of Portuguese

Translators of Fernando Pessoa

Margaret Jull Costa^[205]

Translators of José Saramago

Translators of Quechua

W. S. Merwin – poetry

Translators of Romanian

Michael Henry Heim – Max Blecher

Translators of Russian

Peter Constantine – Isaac Babel^[207]
Albert Spaulding Cook – Zinaida Gippius^[208]
Elaine Feinstein – Bella Akhmadulina, Margarita Aliger, Yunna Morits,^[209] Marina Tsvetaeva^[210]
Will Firth – Alisa Ganieva^[211]
Mirra Ginsburg – Andrei Platonov^[212]
John Glad – Vasily Aksyonov,^[213] Nikolai Klyuev,^[214] Varlam Shalamov^[215]
Michael Glenny – Vasily Aksyonov,^[216] Anatoly Pristavkin,^[217] Georgi Vladimov,^[218] Boris Yeltsin^[219]
Max Hayward – Isaac Babel, Yevgenia Ginzburg, Nadezhda Mandelstam,^[220] Vladimir Mayakovsky,^[221] Andrei Sinyavsky^[220]
Michael Henry Heim – M. Ageyev, Vasily Aksyonov, Korney Chukovsky, Felix Roziner, Sasha Sokolov, Eduard Uspensky
Max Lawton – Vladimir Sorokin^[222]
Ralph Manheim – Yevgeny Tarle
W. S. Merwin – Osip Mandelstam
Alan Myers – including Yury Dombrovsky,^[223] Lydia Ginzburg^[224]
Vladimir Nabokov – Fyodor Tyutchev^[225]
Joachim Neugroschel – S. An-sky
Douglas Robinson – Nina Sadur (with Svetlana Ilinskaya), Yevgeny Yevtushenko
George Reavey – Nikolai Berdyayev, Yevgeny Yevtushenko^[185]
Lydia Pasternak Slater^[226]

Translators of Anna Akhmatova

Translators of Joseph Brodsky

Alan Myers^[180]

Translators of Mikhail Bulgakov

Translators of Vladimir Nabokov

Michael Glenny^[229]

Translators of Boris Pasternak

Translators of Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Translators of Yevgeny Zamyatin

Mirra Ginsburg^[232]

Translators of Serbian

Will Firth – Miloš Crnjanski, Aleksandar Gatalica, Marija Knežević
Michael Henry Heim – Miloš Crnjanski, Danilo Kiš, Predrag Matvejević, Aleksandar Tišma
Dejan Stojanović – writer and translator of Circling: 1978–1987, The Sun Watches the Sun, The Sign and Its Children, The Creator, and The Shape

Translators of Slovak

Ewald Osers – Milan Rúfus, Miroslav Válek

Translators of Slovenian

Peter Constantine – Brina Svit

Translators of Spanish

Esther Allen – including Rosario Castellanos, Antonio di Benedetto, Felisberto Hernández, Javier Marías, José Martí^[191]
Willis Barnstone – Vicente Aleixandre, Miguel Hernández, Antonio Machado, Pedro Salinas^[52]
J. M. Cohen – Heberto Juan Padilla
Margaret Jull Costa – Javier Marías, César Vallejo^[205]
Lucia Graves – Carlos Ruiz Zafón^[233]
Edith Grossman – including Carlos Fuentes, Mayra Montero, Álvaro Mutis^[166]
Daniel Hahn – Rodrigo Blanco Calderón (with Noel Hernández González), María Dueñas, Eduardo Halfon
Andrew Hurley – Reinaldo Arenas, Zoé Valdés
Anne McLean – Julio Cortázar, Enrique Vila-Matas
W. S. Merwin – Roberto Juarroz, Antonio Porchia, Jaime Sabines
Margaret Sayers Peden – Carlos Fuentes, Horacio Quiroga, Juan Rulfo
Gregory Rabassa – Julio Cortázar
Douglas Robinson – Gloria Fuertes
John Sturrock – Alejo Carpentier
Mary Stanley Low – Red Spanish Notebook (parts)
Natasha Wimmer – Roberto Bolaño
Frank Wynne – Andrés Caicedo, Javier Cercas, Alonso Cueto, Marcelo Figueras, Tomás González, Almudena Grandes, Tomás Eloy Martínez, Emiliano Monge, Quino, Arturo Pérez-Reverte

Translators of Jorge Luis Borges

Translators of Gabriel García Márquez

Translators of Federico García Lorca

Willis Barnstone^[52]

Translators of Gabriela Mistral

Doris Dana – selected poems (1971)
John Gallas – This Far Place (2023)
Langston Hughes – selected poems (1957)
Ursula K. Le Guin – selected poems (2003)

Translators of Pablo Neruda

Translators of Mario Vargas Llosa

Edith Grossman^[166]

Translators of Urdu

Musharraf Ali Farooqi – including Afzal Ahmed Syed^[234]
Alamgir Hashmi
Victor G. Kiernan
Carolyn Kizer – poetry

Translators of Vietnamese

Burton Raffel – poetry including Ho Chi Minh, Huy Cận

Translators of Yiddish

Carolyn Kizer – poetry
Curt Leviant – Sholom Aleichem, Chaim Grade, Avrom Reyzen, Lamed Shapiro
Joachim Neugroschel – including Sholem Aleichem, Sholem Asch, David Bergelson, Rachel Korn, Moyshe Kulbak, H. Leivick, Der Nister, I. L. Peretz, Avrom Reyzen, Chava Rosenfarb, Lamed Shapiro, Fradl Shtok
Abraham Regelson – Aaron Glanz-Leyeles
Marion Wiesel – Elie Wiesel

Translators of Isaac Bashevis Singer

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Rexroth, Kenneth; Chung, Ling (1972). The Orchid Boat: Women Poets of China. New York: McGraw-Hill.
↑ Tao, Yungming; Hinton, David (19 April 2009). "Poet's Choice by David Hinton: 'Drinking Wine' by T'ao Ch'ien". Washington Post. Retrieved 21 May 2026.
1 2 Hinton, David. "Chinese Poetry". davidhinton.net. Retrieved 21 May 2026.
1 2 3 4 Legge, James (1861–1872). The Chinese Classics: with a Translation, Critical and Exegetical Notes, Prolegomena, and Copious Indexes. London: Trubner.
↑ Legge, James (1885). Müller, Max (ed.). The Sacred books of China: The texts of Confucianism Part III: The Lî Kî. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1 2 3 4 5 6 Lin, Yutang (1960). The Importance of Understanding: Translations from the Chinese. Cleveland, Ohio: The World Publishing Company.
↑ Pound, Ezra (1936). Ta Hio -The Great Learning- Newly Rendered into the American Language. London: Kynoch Press.
↑ Guṇabhadra; Red Pine (2012). The Lankavatara Sutra: Translation and Commentary. San Francisco: Counterpoint. ISBN 9781619020993.
↑ Qu Yuan; Red Pine (2021). A Shaman's Lament. Chimacum, Washington: Empty Bowl Press. ISBN 9781734187373.
1 2 Rexroth, Kenneth (1970). Love and the Turning Year: One Hundred More Poems from the Chinese. New York: New Directions.
↑ Han, Fei; Watson, Burton (1964). Han Fei Tzu: Basic Writings. New York: Columbia University Press.
↑ Kumārajīva; Watson, Burton (2009). The Lotus Sutra and Its Opening and Closing Sutras. Tokyo: Soka Gakkai. ISBN 9784412014091.
↑ Mozi; Watson, Burton (1963). Mo Tzu: Basic Writings. New York: Columbia University Press.
↑ Sima, Qian; Watson, Burton (1993). Records of the Grand Historian: Han Dynasty. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231081641.
↑ Xun, Kuang; Watson, Burton (1963). Hsün Tzu: Basic Writings. New York: Columbia University Press.
↑ Zhuang, Zhou; Watson, Burton (1968). The Complete Works of Chuang Tzu. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231031479.
↑ Watson, Burton (1993). The Tso chuan: Selections from China's Oldest Narrative History. New York: Columbia University Press.
1 2 3 4 5 Hinton, David. "Chinese Philosophy". davidhinton.net. Retrieved 21 May 2026.
↑ Confucius; Pound, Ezra (1937). Digest of the Analects. Milan: Giovanni Scheiwiller.
↑ Confucius; Watson, Burton (2007). The Analects of Confucius. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231141642.
↑ Wilhelm, Richard; Baynes, Cary (1950). The I Ching, or, Book of Changes. New York: Pantheon.
↑ Legge, James (1882). Müller, Max (ed.). The Sacred books of China: The texts of Confucianism Part II: The Yî king. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1 2 Legge, James (1891). Müller, Max (ed.). The Sacred books of China: The texts of Taoism Part I: The Tao Teh King; The Writings of Kwang-Ȝze. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
↑ Red Pine (1996). Lao-tzu's Taoteching: with Selected Commentaries of the Past 2000 Years. San Francisco: Mercury House.
↑ Red Pine (2004). The Heart Sutra: the Womb of Buddhas. Washington: Shoemaker & Hoard.
1 2 3 4 5 "Rouse, William Henry Denham". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/35849. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)
↑ Red Pine (2002). Diamond Sutra. Berkeley: Counterpoint. ISBN 9781582432564.
↑ Basil of Caesarea; Barker, William (1557). An exhortation of holye Basilius Magnus to hys younge kynsemen styrynge theym to the studie of humaine lernynge that they might thereby be the more apt to attayne to the knowlege of diuine literature. London: John Cawood.
↑ Barnes, Jonathan (2002). Early Greek Philosophy. London: Penguin Classics. ISBN 9780140448153.
↑ Isocrates; Bury, John (1558). The Godly aduertisement or good counsell of the famous orator Isocrates, intitled Parænesis to Demonicus. London: William Copland.
↑ Goodrich, Jaime (2013). Faithful Translators: Authorship, Gender, and Religion in Early Modern England. Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press. p. 113. ISBN 9780810129382. Retrieved 23 June 2026.
↑ Collins, Arthur (1732). The life of that great statesman William Cecil, Lord Burghley, Secretary of State in the reign of King Edward the Sixth, and Lord High Treasurer of England in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. London: Robert Gosling. p. 10. Retrieved 23 June 2026.
1 2 3 Dodds, E. R. (1923). Select Passages Illustrative of Neoplatonism. New York/Toronto: Macmillan.
↑ Gregory of Nazianzus; Drant, Thomas (1568). Epigrams and sentences spirituall in vers, of Gregori Nazanzen, an auncient & famous bishop in the Greke churche. London: Thomas Marshe.
↑ Demetrius of Phalerum; Grube, George (1961). A Greek Critic. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
↑ Rexroth, Kenneth (1962). Poems from the Greek Anthology. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press.
↑ Aristotle; Barnes, Jonathan (1994). Posterior Analytics (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198240891.
1 2 3 "Cornford, Francis Macdonald". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/32571. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)
↑ Aristotle; Grube, George (1958). On Poetry and Style. New York: Liberal Arts Press.
↑ Aristotle; Guthrie, W. K. C. (1939). Aristotle On the Heavens. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
1 2 3 "Jowett, Benjamin". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/15143. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)
1 2 3 Reeve, C. D. C. (2026). "C.D.C. Reeve". UNC Department of Philosophy. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Archived from the original on 21 November 2025. Retrieved 11 June 2026.
↑ Euclid; Billingsley, Henry (1570). The elements of geometrie of the most auncient philosopher Euclide of Megara. London: John Day.
1 2 Hosington, Brenda M. (2012). "Basset, Mary Roper Clarke". The Encyclopedia of English Renaissance Literature. doi:10.1002/9781118297353.wbeerlb009. ISBN 9781118297353.
1 2 3 4 5 "Chapman, George". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/5118. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)
↑ Longinus; Grube, George (1957). On Great Writing. New York: Liberal Arts Press.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Plato (1997). Cooper, John M. (ed.). Plato: Complete Works. Indianapolis/Cambridge: Hackett. ISBN 9780872203495.
↑ Plato; Guthrie, W. K. C. (1956). Protagoras and Meno. London: Penguin Classics.
↑ Plato; Rouse, W. H. D. (1956). The Great Dialogues of Plato. New York: New American Library.
1 2 3 McCall, Rosie (29 November 2019). "Mystery author of forgotten Tacitus translation turns out to be Elizabeth I". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 10 January 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
↑ Porphyry of Tyre; Barnes, Jonathan (2003). Porphyry's Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199246144.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Barnstone, Willis (2015). "Translations". willisbarnstone.org. Retrieved 2 June 2026.
↑ Sophocles; Pound, Ezra (1956). Sophocles: The Women of Trachis. London: Neville Spearman.
1 2 "Barker, William". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/1418. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)
↑ Xenophon; Rouse, W. H. D. (1957). The March Up Country: A Translation of Xenophon's Anabasis. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
↑ Prosper of Aquitaine; Becher, Henry (1561). Twoo bookes of Saint Ambrose Bysshoppe of Mylleyne, entytuled: Of the vocation and callying of all nations. London: Richard Watkins.
↑ Apuleius; Adlington, William (1566). The XI Bookes of the Golden Asse, Conteininge the Metamorphosie of Lucius Apuleius. London: Henry Wykes.
1 2 3 "Alfred [Ælfred]". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/183. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)
↑ "Walton, John". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/28655. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)
1 2 3 Elizabeth I (2008). Mueller, Janel; Scodel, Joshua (eds.). Translations, 1544–1589. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226201313.
1 2 Sanders, Seth (10 October 2002). "Book of translations reveals intellectualism of England's powerful Queen Elizabeth I". University of Chicago Chronicle. Archived from the original on 28 December 2019. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
1 2 Horace; Drant, Thomas (1567). Horace his arte of poetrie, pistles, and satyrs Englished. London: Thomas Marshe.
↑ Horace; Drant, Thomas (1566). A medicinable morall, that is, the two bookes of Horace his satyres. London: Thomas Marshe.
↑ Marcus Aurelius; Grube, George (1963). Meditations. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill.
↑ Blake, N. F. (1990). William Caxton and English literary culture. London: Hambledon. p. 298. ISBN 978-1-85285-051-7.
1 2 Ovid; Merriman, Brian; Heaney, Seamus (1993). The Midnight Verdict. Loughcrew, Co. Meath: Gallery Press.
↑ Dingee, William (2019). "Did their Propertius walk that way? Ezra Pound's Homage to Sextus Propertius as a complaint against classical philology". Classical Receptions Journal. 11 (1): 81–99. doi:10.1093/crj/cly021.
↑ Virgil; Caxton, William (1890). Furnivall, Frederick (ed.). Caxton's Eneydos. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co.
↑ Virgil; Heaney, Seamus (2019). Aeneid Book VI. London: Faber & Faber. ISBN 9780571327331.
↑ Bodhidharma; Red Pine (1989). The Zen Teaching of Bodhidharma. New York: North Point Press. ISBN 9780865473997.
↑ Hanshan; Red Pine (1983). The Collected Songs of Cold Mountain. Port Townsend, Washington: Copper Canyon Press.
↑ Red Pine (2003). Poems of the Masters: China's Classic Anthology of T'ang and Sung Dynasty Verse. Port Townsend, Washington: Copper Canyon Press. ISBN 9781556591952.
↑ Wei, Yingwu; Red Pine (2009). In Such Hard Times: The Poetry of Wei Ying-wu. Port Townsend, Washington: Copper Canyon Press. ISBN 9781556592799.
↑ Li, Bai; Pound, Ezra (1915). Cathay. London: Elkin Mathews.
1 2 Rexroth, Kenneth (1956). One Hundred Poems from the Chinese. New York: New Directions.
↑ Du, Fu; Watson, Burton (2002). The Selected Poems of Du Fu. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0231128290.
↑ Hanshan; Watson, Burton (1971). Cold Mountain: 100 Poems by the T'ang Poet Han-Shan. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231034500.
↑ Lu, Yu; Watson, Burton (1973). The Old Man Who Does As He Pleases: Selections from the Poetry and Prose of Lu Yu. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231037662.
1 2 3 4 5 6 Atsumi, Ikuko; Rexroth, Kenneth (1977). The Burning Heart: Women Poets of Japan. New York: New Directions.
↑ Asser; Cook, Albert Stanburrough (1904). Asser's Life of King Alfred. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
↑ Hugh of Rhuddlan; Copland, Robert (1522). Life of Ipomydon. London: Wynkyn de Worde.
↑ Red Pine (2006). The Platform Sutra: the Zen teaching of Hui-neng. Berkeley: Counterpoint.
↑ Shiwu; Red Pine (1999). The Zen Works of Stonehouse: Poems and Talks of a 14th-Century Chinese Hermit. San Francisco: Mercury House. ISBN 9781562791018.
↑ Lu, You; Watson, Burton (2007). Late Poems of Lu You. Tokyo: Ahadada Books.
↑ Su, Shi; Watson, Burton (1994). Selected Poems of Su Tung-P'o. Port Townsend, Washington: Copper Canyon Press.
↑ Nabokov, Vladimir (1960). The Song of Igor's Campaign: An Epic of the Twelfth Century. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
↑ Cook, Albert Stanburrough Cook (1888). Judith, an Old English Epic Fragment. Boston: D. C. Heath & Co.
↑ Crossley-Holland, Kevin (1982). The Anglo-Saxon World: An Anthology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
↑ Pound, Ezra (1912). Ripostes of Ezra Pound. London: Ovid Press.
↑ "Atkinson, William". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/859. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)
↑ la Tour Landry, Geoffroy IV de; Caxton, William (1971). Offord, Marguerite (ed.). The Book of the Knight of the Tower. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0197224024.
1 2 "Caxton, William". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/4963. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)
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[Farooqi-Hamzanama-2007-186] Farooqi, Musharraf Ali (2007). The Adventures of Amir Hamza: Lord of the Auspicious Planetary Conjunction. New York: Random House.

[Wynne-Borrow-1860-187] Wynne, Ellis; Borrow, George (1860). The Sleeping Bard or Visions of the World, Death, and Hell. London: John Murray.

[Atxaga-Costa-1992-188] Atxaga, Bernardo; Costa, Margaret Jull (1992). Obabakoak. London: Hutchinson.

[Janáček-Heaney-1999-189] Janáček, Leoš; Heaney, Seamus (1999). The Diary of One Who Vanished. London: Faber & Faber. ISBN 9780571204120.

[Johnston-1981-190] Johnston, George Benson (1981). Rocky Shores: An Anthology of Faroese Poetry. Paisley: Wilfion Books. ISBN 9780905075105.

[Allen-2025-191] 1 2 3 Allen, Esther (2025). "Books - Esther Allen". estherallen.com. Retrieved 2 June 2026.

[Littell-Lawton-2009-192] Littell, Jonathan; Lawton, Max (2009). The Damp and the Dry: A Brief Incursion Into Fascist Territory. New York: OR Books. ISBN 9781682193914.

[Gourmont-Pound-1922-193] Gourmont, Remy de; Pound, Ezra (1922). The Natural Philosophy of Love. New York: Boni & Liveright.

[Milosz-Rexroth-1952-194] Milosz, Oscar; Rexroth, Kenneth (1952). Fourteen Poems. San Francisco: Peregrine Press.

[Reverdy-Rexroth-1969-195] Reverdy, Pierre; Rexroth, Kenneth (1969). Pierre Reverdy: Selected Poems. New York: New Directions.

[Biblioklept-Lawton-2022-196] "An interview with Max Lawton about translating Vladimir Sorokin's brilliant novel Telluria". Biblioklept. 4 August 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2026.

[Jung-Baynes-1928-197] Jung, Carl; Baynes, Cary; Baynes, Helton Godwin (1928). Contributions to Analytical Psychology. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

[Rilke-Arndt-1989-198] Rilke, Rainer Maria; Arndt, Walter W. (1989). The Best of Rilke. Hanover, New Hampshire: Dartmouth College. ISBN 9780874514605.

[Rexroth-1955-199] Rexroth, Kenneth (1955). One Hundred Poems from the Japanese. New York: New Directions.

[Shiraishi-Rexroth-1978-200] Shiraishi, Kazuko; Rexroth, Kenneth (1978). Seasons of Sacred Lust: Selected Poems of Kazuko Shiraishi. New York: New Directions.

[Ikeda-Watson-1997-201] Ikeda, Daisaku; Watson, Burton (1997). The Flower of Chinese Buddhism. Boulder, Colorado: Weatherhill. ISBN 9780834803930.

[Mori-Watson-1995-202] Mori, Ōgai; Watson, Burton (1995). The Wild Goose. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Center for Japanese Studies. ISBN 9780939512713.

[Taneda-Watson-2003-203] Taneda, Santōka; Watson, Burton (2003). For All My Walking: Free-Verse Haiku of Taneda Santōka with Excerpts from His Diaries. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231125178.

[Ødegård-Johnston-1982-204] Ødegård, Knut; Johnston, George Benson (1982). Wind over Romsdale: Poems by Knut Ødegård. Moonbeam, Ontario: Penumbra. ISBN 092080621X.

[Costa-NYRB-2026-205] 1 2 3 4 5 "Margaret Jull Costa". nyrb.com. The New York Review of Books. 2026. Retrieved 3 June 2026.

[Coelho-Costa-2004-206] "Eleven Minutes". publishersweekly.com. Publishers Weekly. 15 March 2004. Retrieved 3 June 2026.

[Babel-Constantine-2002-207] Babel, Isaac; Constantine, Peter (2002). Babel, Nathalie (ed.). The complete works of Isaac Babel. New York: W. W. Norton. ISBN 0393048462.

[Cook-Perkins-1993-208] 1 2 Cook, Albert Spaulding; Perkins, Pamela (1993). The Burden of Sufferance: Women Poets of Russia. New York: Garland. ISBN 9780824033255.

[Feinstein-1976-209] Feinstein, Elaine (1976). Three Russian Poets: Margarita Aliger, Yunna Morits, Bella Akhmadulina. Manchester: Carcanet. ISBN 9780856352270.

[Tsvetayeva-Feinstein-1971-210] Tsvetayeva, Marina; Feinstein, Elaine (1971). Selected Poems. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 019211803X.

[Ganieva-Firth-2023-211] Ganieva, Alisa; Firth, Will (13 February 2023). "A Village Fest". Words without Borders. Retrieved 20 May 2026.

[Platonov-Ginsburg-1975-212] Platonov, Andrei; Ginsburg, Mirra (1975). The Foundation Pit. New York: E. P. Dutton. ISBN 9780525107750.

[Aksyonov-Glad-1996-213] Aksyonov, Vasily; Glad, John (1996). The winter's hero. New York: Random House. ISBN 9780679432746.

[Klyuev-Glad-1977-214] Klyuev, Nikolai (1977). Poems. Ann Arbor: Ardis / University of Iowa. ISBN 9780882332659.

[Shalamov-Glad-1994-215] Shalamov, Varlam; Glad, John (1994). Kolyma Tales. Harmondsworth: Penguin. ISBN 0140186956.

[Aksyonov-Glenny-1984-216] Aksyonov, Vasily; Glenny, Michael (1984). The Burn. New York: Random House. ISBN 9780394524924.

[Pristavkin-Glenny-1991-217] Pristavkin, Anatoly; Glenny, Michael (1991). The Inseparable Twins. London: Picador. ISBN 9780330304436.

[Vladimov-Glenny-1979-218] Vladimov, Georgi; Glenny, Michael (1979). Faithful Ruslan: The Story of a Guard Dog. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9780671246334.

[Glenny-ODNB-219] 1 2 3 "Glenny, Michael Valentine Guybon". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/60865. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)

[Hayward-ODNB-220] 1 2 3 4 5 "Hayward, Harry Maxwell [Max]". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/65484. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)

[Mayakovsky-Hayward-1960-221] Mayakovsky, Vladimir; Hayward, Max (1960). The Bedbug and selected poetry. New York: Meridian.

[Lawton-2026-222] Lawton, Max. "About Max Lawton". Max Lawton. Retrieved 20 May 2026.

[Dombrovsky-Myers-1996-223] Dombrovsky, Yury; Myers, Alan (1996). The Faculty of Useless Knowledge. New York: Harvill/HarperCollins World. ISBN 9780002711913.

[Ginzburg-Myers-1996-224] Ginzburg, Lydia; Myers, Alan (1996). Blockade Diary. London: HarperCollins. ISBN 9781860460326.

[Tyutchev-Nabokov-1944-225] Pushkin, Alexander; Lermontov, Mikhail; Tyutchev, Fyodor; Nabokov, Vladimir (1944). Three Russian Poets. New York: New Directions Books.

[Pasternak-Slater-1973-226] Pasternak Slater, Lydia (1973). Contemporary Russian Poems. Bakewell: Hub Publications. ISBN 9780902707559.

[Kelly-Utopias-1999-227] Kelly, Catriona, ed. (1999). Utopias: Russian modernist texts 1905–1940. London: Penguin. p. 325. ISBN 9780141180816.

[Bulgakov-Ginsburg-1967-228] Bulgakov, Mikhail; Ginsburg, Mirra (1967). The Master and Margarita. New York: Grove.

[Nabokov-Glenny-1970-229] Nabokov, Vladimir; Glenny, Michael (1970). Mary. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 9780679726203.

[Pasternak-Slater-1963-230] Pasternak, Boris; Pasternak Slater, Lydia (1963). Fifty Poems. London: George Allen & Unwin.

[Solzhenitsyn-Hayward-Hingley-1963-231] Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr; Hayward, Max; Hingley, Ronald (1963). One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich. New York: Praeger.

[Zamyatin-Ginsburg-1972-232] Zamyatin, Yevgeny; Ginsburg, Mirra (1972). We. New York: Bantam.

[Graves-TrEHLUS-2026-233] "Lucia Graves". TrEHLUS-21. Harvard University. 2026. Retrieved 3 June 2026.

[Syed-Farooqi-2010-234] Syed, Afzal Ahmed; Farooqi, Musharraf Ali (2010). Rococo and Other World: Selected Poetry of Afzal Ahmed Syed. Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press.

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