List of therapies
This is a list of types of medical therapy, including forms of traditional medicine and alternative medicine. For psychotherapies and other behavioral and psychological intervention methods, see list of psychotherapies.
- abortive therapy
- acupressure (some scientific aspects, many prescientific)
- acupuncture (some scientific aspects, many prescientific)
- adjunct therapy
- adjunctive therapy
- adjuvant therapy
- alternative therapy (two senses: a second choice among scientific therapies, or alternative medicine)
- androgen replacement therapy
- animal-assisted therapy
- antibody therapy
- antihormone therapy
- antiserum therapy
- aquarium therapy
- aquatic therapy (nonscientific and scientific forms)
- aromatherapy
- art therapy
- Auger therapy
- aurotherapy
- autism therapies
- autologous immune enhancement therapy
- balneotherapy
- bioidentical hormone replacement therapy (some scientific aspects, some pseudoscientific)
- biotherapy
- blood irradiation therapy
- brachytherapy
- cardiac resynchronization therapy
- cell therapy
- cytotherapy
- cell transfer therapy
- chelation therapy
- chemotherapy
- Chinese food therapy (some scientific aspects, mostly prescientific)
- chiropractic therapy (some scientific aspects, some pseudoscientific)
- chronotherapy (treatment scheduling)
- chrysotherapy
- climatotherapy
- cobalt therapy
- cold compression therapy
- combination therapy
- consolidation therapy
- contrast bath therapy
- counseling
- craniosacral therapy (mostly pseudoscientific)
- cryotherapy
- crystal therapy (mostly pre- and pseudoscientific)
- cupping therapy
- curative therapy
- cytoluminescent therapy (mostly pseudoscientific)
- dark therapy
- definitive therapy
- destination therapy
- diathermy
- diesel therapy (ironic name)
- dietary therapy (various nonscientific and scientific forms)
- drug therapy
- duct tape occlusion therapy (mechanism unknown but has had some scientific study)
- electrohomeopathy (electropathy)
- electroconvulsive therapy
- electromagnetic therapy
- electromagnetic therapy (alternative medicine) (pseudoscientific)
- electron therapy
- electrotherapy
- empiric therapy (two senses, one scientific, one not)
- energy therapy (mostly pre- and pseudoscientific)
- enzyme replacement therapy
- epigenetic therapy
- equine therapy
- estrogen replacement therapy
- exercise therapy
- extracorporeal shockwave therapy
- fast neutron therapy
- Feldenkrais therapy (not entirely scientific, but empirical)
- feminizing hormone therapy
- fluoride therapy
- gene therapy
- gene therapy for color blindness
- gene therapy for epilepsy
- gene therapy for osteoarthritis
- gene therapy in Parkinson's disease
- gene therapy of the human retina
- gold standard therapy
- grape therapy (prescientific and quackery forms)
- Greyhound therapy (ironic name)
- halotherapy (mostly prescientific; see also mineral spa)
- heat therapy
- helminthic therapy
- herbal therapy (prescientific and pseudoscientific forms; compare phytotherapy)
- hippotherapy
- hormone therapy
- hormonal therapy (oncology)
- hormone replacement therapy
- horticultural therapy
- host modulatory therapy
- hydrotherapy (nonscientific and scientific forms)
- hyperbaric oxygen therapy
- hyperthermia therapy
- hypothermia therapy for neonatal encephalopathy
- ichthyotherapy (prescientific but empirical)
- immunosuppressive therapy
- immunotherapy
- induction therapy
- intraoperative electron radiation therapy
- intraoperative radiation therapy
- intravenous immunoglobulin therapy
- intravenous therapy
- inversion therapy
- investigational therapy
- laser therapy
- leech therapy (prescientific and scientific forms)
- light therapy
- lithium therapy
- low level laser therapy
- maggot therapy
- magnet therapy
- magnetic resonance therapy
- maintenance therapy
- manual therapy
- martial arts therapy
- masculinizing hormone therapy
- massage therapy
- medical gas therapy
- medical nutrition therapy
- medical therapy in general contexts means therapy and within medical contexts often means specifically pharmacotherapy
- mesotherapy (pseudoscientific)
- microwave thermotherapy
- mindfullness
- molecular chaperone therapy
- molecular therapy
- monoclonal antibody therapy
- monotherapy
- mud therapy (prescientific)
- music therapy
- negative air ionization therapy
- neoadjuvant therapy
- neurologic music therapy
- Neurotherapy
- neutron capture therapy of cancer
- neutron therapy
- occupational therapy
- oral rehydration therapy
- osmotherapy
- oxygen therapy
- ozone therapy
- palliative therapy
- particle therapy
- pet therapy
- phage therapy
- pharmacotherapy
- phonemic neurological hypochromium therapy
- photodynamic therapy
- phototherapy
- photothermal therapy
- physical therapy
- physiotherapy
- phytotherapy
- platin therapy
- polychemotherapy
- polytherapy
- preventive therapy
- prolotherapy
- prophylactic therapy
- protein therapy
- proton therapy
- pulsed electromagnetic field therapy
- PUVA therapy
- qigong therapy
- quack therapies
- radiation therapy
- radiotherapy
- Recreation Therapy
- rehydration therapy
- rescue therapy
- respiratory therapy
- retail therapy (semifacetious name)
- salt therapy (mostly prescientific; see also mineral spa)
- salvage therapy
- scuba diving therapy
- serotherapy
- sex therapy
- sonodynamic therapy (mostly pseudoscientific)
- sound therapy
- spa therapy (prescientific and pseudoscientific forms)
- speech therapy
- speleotherapy (mostly prescientific; see also mineral spa)
- stem cell therapy
- step therapy
- stepladder therapy
- stepdown therapy
- stereotactic radiation therapy
- supportive therapy
- surf therapy
- systemic therapy
- sweat therapy (mostly prescientific; see also sauna and mineral spa)
- tai chi therapy
- targeted therapy
- thalassotherapy
- thermotherapy
- TK cell therapy
- tolerogenic therapy
- transdermal continuous oxygen therapy
- transgender hormone therapy
- ultraviolet light therapy
- urine therapy (some scientific forms; various prescientific or pseudoscientific forms)
- virotherapy
- wake therapy
- Waon therapy
- water cure therapy
By therapy composition
Treatments can be classified according to the method of treatment:
By matter
- by drugs: pharmacotherapy, chemotherapy (also, medical therapy often means specifically pharmacotherapy)
- by medical devices: implantation
- by specific molecules: molecular therapy (although most drugs are specific molecules, molecular medicine refers in particular to medicine relying on molecular biology)
- by specific biomolecular targets: targeted therapy
- by chelation: chelation therapy
- by specific chemical elements:
- by metals:
- by heavy metals:
- by gold: chrysotherapy (aurotherapy)
- by platinum-containing drugs: platin therapy
- by biometals
- by heavy metals:
- by nonmetals:
- by diatomic oxygen: oxygen therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (hyperbaric medicine)
- by triatomic oxygen (ozone): ozone therapy
- by fluoride: fluoride therapy
- by other gases: medical gas therapy
- by metals:
- by water:
- by biological materials (biogenic substances, biomolecules, biotic materials, natural products), including their synthetic equivalents: biotherapy
- by whole organisms
- by viruses: virotherapy
- by bacteriophages: phage therapy
- by animal interaction: see animal interaction section
- by constituents or products of organisms
- by plant parts or extracts (but many drugs are derived from plants, even when the term phytotherapy is not used)
- scientific type: phytotherapy
- traditional (prescientific) type: herbalism
- by animal parts: quackery involving shark fins, tiger parts, and so on, often driving threat or endangerment of species
- by genes: gene therapy
- by epigenetics: epigenetic therapy
- by proteins: protein therapy (but many drugs are proteins despite not being called protein therapy)
- by enzymes: enzyme replacement therapy
- by hormones: hormone therapy
- by whole cells: cell therapy (cytotherapy)
- by stem cells: stem cell therapy
- by immune cells: see immune system products below
- by immune system products: immunotherapy, host modulatory therapy
- by immune cells:
- by humoral immune factors: antibody therapy
- by whole serum: serotherapy, including antiserum therapy
- by immunoglobulins: immunoglobulin therapy
- by plant parts or extracts (but many drugs are derived from plants, even when the term phytotherapy is not used)
- by urine: urine therapy (some scientific forms; many prescientific or pseudoscientific forms)
- by food and dietary choices:
- medical nutrition therapy
- grape therapy (quackery)
- by whole organisms
- by salts (but many drugs are the salts of organic acids, even when drug therapy is not called by names reflecting that)
- by salts in the air
- by natural dry salt air: "taking the cure" in desert locales (especially common in prescientific medicine; for example, one 19th-century way to treat tuberculosis)
- by artificial dry salt air:
- low-humidity forms of speleotherapy
- negative air ionization therapy
- by moist salt air:
- by natural moist salt air: seaside cure (especially common in prescientific medicine)
- by artificial moist salt air: water vapor forms of speleotherapy
- by salts in the water
- by mineral water: spa cure ("taking the waters") (especially common in prescientific medicine)
- by seawater: seaside cure (especially common in prescientific medicine)
- by salts in the air
- by aroma: aromatherapy
- by other materials with mechanism of action unknown
- by occlusion with duct tape: duct tape occlusion therapy
By energy
- by electric energy as electric current: electrotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy
- by magnetic energy:
- by electromagnetic radiation (EMR):
- by light: light therapy (phototherapy)
- by gamma rays: radiosurgery
- by radiation generally: radiation therapy (radiotherapy)
- quackery type: electromagnetic therapy (alternative medicine)
- by mechanical: manual therapy as massotherapy and therapy by exercise as in physical therapy
- by sound:
- by ultrasound:
- by music: music therapy
- by temperature
- by heat: heat therapy (thermotherapy)
- by moderately elevated ambient temperatures: hyperthermia therapy
- by dry warm surroundings: Waon therapy
- by dry or humid warm surroundings: sauna, including infrared sauna, for sweat therapy
- by moderately elevated ambient temperatures: hyperthermia therapy
- by cold:
- by extreme cold to specific tissue volumes: cryotherapy
- by ice and compression: cold compression therapy
- by ambient cold:
- hypothermia therapy for neonatal encephalopathy (in newborns)
- targeted temperature management (therapeutic hypothermia, protective hypothermia)
- by hot and cold alternation: contrast bath therapy
- by heat: heat therapy (thermotherapy)
By procedure and human interaction
- Surgery
- by counseling, such as psychotherapy (see also: list of psychotherapies)
- by cognitive behavioral therapy
- by cognitive rehabilitation therapy
- by family therapy
- by education
- by speech therapy, physical therapy, occupational therapy, vision therapy, massage therapy, chiropractic or acupuncture
- by lifestyle modifications, such as avoiding unhealthy food or maintaining a predictable sleep schedule
- by coaching
By animal interaction
- by pets, assistance animals, or working animals: animal-assisted therapy
- by horses: equine therapy, hippotherapy
- by dogs: pet therapy with therapy dogs, including grief therapy dogs
- by cats: pet therapy with therapy cats
- by fish: ichthyotherapy (wading with fish), aquarium therapy (watching fish)
- by maggots: maggot therapy
- by worms:
- by internal worms: helminthic therapy
- by leeches: leech therapy
- by immersion: animal bath
By meditation
By reading
By creativity
- by expression: expressive therapy
- by play: play therapy
- by art: art therapy
- by gardening: horticultural therapy
- by dance: dance therapy
- by drama: drama therapy
- by recreation: recreational therapy
- by music: music therapy
By sleeping and waking
- by deep sleep: deep sleep therapy[2]
- by sleep deprivation: wake therapy[3]
See also
References
- ↑ Schwartz, Jeremy. "5 Reasons to Consider Group Therapy". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on 22 July 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
- ↑ Shorter, Edward (January 1996). "The beginning of SURGERY psychopharmacology: Deep-sleep therapies". European Psychiatry. 11: 236s. doi:10.1016/0924-9338(96)88707-4. S2CID 144323687.
- ↑ Minkel, Jared D.; Krystal, Andrew D.; Benca, Ruth M. (2017). "Unipolar Major Depression". Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine. pp. 1352–1362.e5. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-24288-2.00137-9. ISBN 978-0-323-24288-2.