List of shorthand systems

This is a list of shorthands, both modern and ancient. Currently, only one shorthand (Duployan) has been given an ISO code, in preparation for inclusion in the Unicode Standard, although the Tironian et has already been included in Unicode.

Script nameISO 15924Year createdCreatorPrimary languagesNotes
Abbreviated Longhand[1]1908Angus WeaverEnglishShort forms based around longhand writing.
Abbreviatrix1945William Paul Mishkin
Abernethy shorthand[2]1907Larkin Samuel AbernethyEnglish
Aimé Paris Shorthand[3]1820Aimé ParisFrench
Alpha Hand[4]
AgiliWriting[5]
Bezenšek Shorthand[6]1923Anton BezenšekBulgarian
Boyd's Syllabic Shorthand[7]1903Robert BoydEnglish
Brachygraphie (Folkingham)[8]1622William FolkinghamEnglish
Brachygraphy (Bales)[9]1590Peter BalesEnglish
Brachygraphy (Dix)[10]1641Henry DixEnglish
Brachygraphy (Shelton)[11]1672Samuel SheltonEnglishBased on Thomas Shelton's Tachygraphy from whom he first learned shorthand.
Burmese Shorthand 1952 Zwe Ohn Chein Burmese
Burnz' Fonic Shorthand1896Eliza Boardman BurnzEnglish
Carissimi Shorthand[12]1940Juan Antonio CarissimiSpanish
Caton Scientific Shorthand[13][14]Thomas Jasper Caton
Century 21 Shorthand[15]
Characterie[16]1588Timothy BrightEnglish
Conen de Prépean Shorthand[17]1813Louis Félix Conen de PrépeanFrench
Coulon de Thévenot Shorthand[18]1776Jean Coulon de ThévenotFrench
Current Shorthand[19]1892Henry SweetEnglish
Cursive Shorthand[20]1889Hugh Longbourne CallendarEnglish
Dacomb Shorthand[21]1934Beatrice Eliza DacombEnglish
Dement's Aristography[22]1896Isaac Strange Dement
Deutsche Einheitskurzschrift[23]1924GermanUsed in Germany.
Dickinson Shorthand[24]1928Joseph Bryan DickinsonEnglish
Duployé Shorthand[25]Dupl 7551868Émile DuployéFrench, Romanian, English, Chinook Jargon
Dutton Speedwords[26]1922Reginald J. G. DuttonEnglish, French, German, LatinIntended as an International auxiliary language
EasyScript Speed Writing[27]
Eclectic Shorthand[28]1878J.G. CrossEnglish
Edmond Willis's Shorthand[29]1627Edmond WillisEnglish
Faulmann Shorthand[30]1875Carl FaulmannGerman
Forkner shorthand[31]1952Hamden L. ForknerEnglish
Gabelsberger shorthand[32]1817 (approx.)Franz Xaver GabelsbergerGerman
Graham shorthand[33]Andrew J. Graham
Gregg Shorthand[34]1888John Robert GreggEnglish, Esperanto, French, German, Italian, Mandarin Chinese, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish
Gregg Computer Shorthand /
Productivity Plus[35]
Groote[36]1899Arnold Willem GrooteDutchUsed in the Netherlands
Herout-Mikulík[37]Alois Herout and Svojmír MikulíkCzechUsed in the Czech parliament.
Homographie[38] 1831 Sophie Scott German
Hy-Speed Longhand[39]1932Andrew Graham Sexton and R. B. SextonEnglish
Karundeng Shorthand[40] 1925 Eliezer Karundeng Indonesian
Larralde Shorthand[41]Gabriel Hilario LarraldeSpanishUsed in the Argentine congress.
Legible Shorthand[42]1882Edward PocknellEnglish
Leite Alves Shorthand[43]1929Oscar Leite AlvesPortuguese
Lightning Legible Shorthand[44] 1906 David Rose Glass English
Malone Shorthand[45]
Maron Shorthand[43]1932Afonso MaronPortuguese
Melin Shorthand[46]1880Olof Werling MelinSwedishDominant Shorthand system in Sweden.
Merrill Shorthand[47][48]1942Albert MerrillEnglishAlso called ABC shorthand.
Michela Shorthand[49]1862Antonio Michela ZuccoItalianUsed in the Italian Senate and the Regional Council of Piedmont.
Moat's Short-hand Standard[50]1833Thomas MoatEnglish
Munson Shorthand[51]1867James Eugene MunsonEnglish
National Simplex Shorthand[52]1919Rev. Percival Hubert ChaseEnglish
Natural Shorthand[53]1917August MengelkampEnglish
New Art of Real Shorthand[54]1919John Malham-DemblebyEnglish
New Rapid[55]1890C.E. McKee
Notescript[56]1964Laurence F. HawkinsEnglish
Paragon Shorthand[57]1895A. Lichtentag
Personal Shorthand[58]Carl W. Salser, C. Theo Yerian and Mark R. SalserEnglishOriginally called "Briefhand."
Pitman Shorthand[59]1837Isaac PitmanEnglish
Polygraphy[60]1747Aulay MacaulayEnglish
Prévost-Delaunay Shorthand[61]1878Hippolyte Prévost and Albert DelaunayFrench
Reformed Phonetic Short-Hand[62]1868Andrew J. MarshEnglish
Scheithauer Shorthand1896Karl Friedrich ScheithauerGermanUsed in Germany.
Scheithauer/Steinmetz Shorthand[63]2020Markus SteinmetzGermanUsed in Germany.
Short-Writing [64]1690Theophilus MetcalfeEnglish
Simson Shorthand[65]1881James SimsonEnglish
Speedwriting[66]1924Emma DearbornEnglish
State Unified Stenography System (GESS)[67]1937Nikolai Nikolaevich SokolovRussianUsed in the Soviet Union; also adapted for English, French, and some of the languages of the Soviet Union.
Stenographie[68]1618John WillisEnglish
Stenography Compleated[69]1727James WestonEnglish
Stenoscript1950Manuel C. AvancenaEnglish
Stiefografie[70]1966Helmut StiefGermanUsed in Germany.
SuperWrite[71]
Swiftograph[72] 1893Fant Abbott

English
Tachygraphy[73]1626Thomas SheltonEnglish, French, GermanOriginally called "Short-Writing."
Taylor shorthand[74]1786Samuel TaylorEnglishAlso known as Universal Stenography
Teeline Shorthand[75]1968James HillEnglish
Thomas Natural Shorthand[76]1935Charles A. ThomasEnglish
Tironian notes[77]63 BCMarcus Tullius TiroLatin
Typed Shorthand[78]1917William BainesEnglishAlso known as Baines' Typed Shorthand.
Universal English Shorthand[79]about 1740John ByromEnglish
Wang-Krogdahl's system[80]1936Leif Wang and Olav KrogdahlNorwegianUsed in the Norwegian parliament.
Weston's Short-hand[81]1727James WestonEnglish
Zeiglographia1650Thomas SheltonEnglish
Phillips Code[82]1879Walter P. PhillipsEnglishIntended for English transmitted over Telegraph in Morse code.
Evans Basic English Code[83]1947John EvansEnglishBased on the earlier Phillips Code but for more general use.

References

  1. ↑ Weaver, Angus (1908). Abbreviated Shorthand. Internet Archive: Angus Weaver, Buffalo, New York.
  2. ↑ Abernethy, Larkin Samuel (1907). The Abernethy shorthand. Shawnee, Okl.: J.E. Driggers.
  3. ↑ Burckhardt, A. (1948), La Sténographie en une Heure par la Méthode Aimé-Paris modernisée (in French), Paris: Flammarion
  4. ↑ Rosen, Steve; Palmer, Rose (1980), Alpha hand, Dictation Disc Co, OCLC 6862153
  5. ↑ Gresham, Anne (2001), AgiliWriting : 21st century shorthand, AgiliTyping, ISBN 978-1-872968-02-5, OCLC 48487021
  6. ↑ Bezenšek, Anton; Gabelsberger, Franz Xaver; International Association of Stenographers (1907), Stammbuch des Gabelsbergerschen Systems. Bezenšek, Übertragung auf die südslavischen Sprachen (in German), Wolfenbüttel, Heckner, OCLC 36477209
  7. ↑ Boyd, Robert (1903), Boyd's syllabic shorthand : an instructor and dictionary : a system of shorthand in which characters represent syllables, W.T. Moon, OCLC 36932375
  8. ↑ Folkingham, William (1622), Brachygraphie, Post-Writt. : Or, the Art of Short-writing Where most letters consist of single strokes or motions of the Pen, in best formes of Penship, London: Thomas Snodham
  9. ↑ Bales, Peter (1590), The Writing Schoolemaster, London: Thomas Orwin
  10. ↑ Dix, Henry (1641), The Art of Brachygraphy or Short-writing: by characters faire, short, swift, easie, and legible., London: Henry Dix
  11. ↑ Henderson, Frances (2008). "'Swifte and Secrete Writing' in Seventeenth-Century England, and Samuel Shelton's Brachygraphy" (PDF). The British Library. Retrieved 2017-05-04.
  12. ↑ Carissimi, Juan Antonio (1940), Taquigrafía Carissimi, Biblioteca Nacional (Uruguay)
  13. ↑ Caton, Thomas Jasper (1918), Caton scientific shorthand, Minneapolis, Minn., The Scientific Pub. Co., OCLC 11954097
  14. ↑ "Thomas Jasper Caton Scientific Shorthand 1915 edition". babel.hathitrust.org. Retrieved 2015-01-30.
  15. ↑ Christensen, Edward L (1974), Century 21 shorthand, Cincinnati, South-western Pub. Co, ISBN 978-0-538-18100-6, OCLC 858136
  16. ↑ Bright, Timothy (1588), Characterie : an arte of shorte, swifte, and secrete writing by character, London: I. Windet
  17. ↑ Havette, René (1906). Bibliographie de la sténographie française (in French). Paris: Dorbon Ainé. pp. 31–32.
  18. ↑ Metilli, Danielle. "French Tachygraphic Notes in a 1504 copy of Homer's Odyssey" (PDF). metilli.com. Retrieved 2021-05-11.
  19. ↑ Sweet, Henry (1892), A manual of current shorthand orthographic and phonetic by Henry Sweet, Clarendon, OCLC 250138117
  20. ↑ Callendar, Hugh (1889), A manual of cursive shorthand, C. J. Clay and Sons, OCLC 647172293
  21. ↑ Joy, J.; Dacomb, B. E.; Dacomb, C. T. (1962), Dacomb, the Australian shorthand, Dacomb College, OCLC 220975936
  22. ↑ Dement, Isaac Strange (1906). Aristography (2nd ed.). Dement Publishing Company. A system of shorthand writing combining the principles of straight joinable and insertable vowel strokes and curved consanant strokes, both being subject to similar rules of hooks and length
  23. ↑ Czerny, Karl (1925), Umlernbuch auf die deutsche Einheitskurzschrift : Für Gabelsbergersche Stenographen (in German), Eigenverl, OCLC 72106122
  24. ↑ Dickinson, Joseph Bryan (1928). Dickinson shorthand. Kansas City, Kansas, Dickinson Textbook Co.
  25. ↑ Perrault, Denis R; Duploye, Emile; Gueguen, Jean Pierre; Pilling, James Constantine, La sténographie Duployé adaptée aux langues des sauvages de la Baie d'Hudson, des Postes Moose Factory, de New Post, d'Albany, de Waswanipi & de Mékiskan, Amérique du Nord / [between 1889 and 1895] (in French), OCLC 35787900
  26. ↑ Dutton Speedwords dictionary: English-Speedwords and Speedwords-English, Dutton Publications, 1943, OCLC 36561079
  27. ↑ Levin, Linda (1985), Easy Script simplified, Write Protect Pub, OCLC 17474827
  28. ↑ Cross, J G (1879), Cross's eclectic short-hand: a new system, adapted both to general use and to verbatim reporting, Chicago, S.C. Griggs and Co. [1878], OCLC 2510784
  29. ↑ Willis, Edmond (1627), An Abbreviation of Writing by Character, London: George Puslowe
  30. ↑ Johnen, Christian (1904), Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 48, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 500–504
  31. ↑ Forkner, Hamden Landon (1955), Forkner alphabet shorthand; the only system of shorthand that combinesthe best features of symbols systems with easily written longhand letters, New York, Forkner Pub. Co, OCLC 58756777
  32. ↑ Geiger, Alfred (1860), Stenography, or, Universal European shorthand on Gabelsberger's principles : as already introduced in Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Russia, Greece, Italy &c, Dresden, OCLC 41010411
  33. ↑ Jackson, James O. (1974-01-21). "Presidential papers snarl began in 1797". Chicago Tribune. Chicago, Illinois. Even so, scholars were troubled by some of the [President Woodrow] Wilson documents because of his habit of writing in Graham shorthand, an extinct system so little known as to be hieroglyphic today. Scholars examing Wilson papers in 1959 employed an 84-year-old man to decipher some of Wilson's notes. The old man was one of the few living persons who were familiar with the obsolete Graham system.
  34. ↑ Gregg, John Robert; Power, Pearl A (1901), Gregg shorthand dictionary, Gregg Pub. Co, OCLC 23108068
  35. ↑ Gregg computer shorthand for nonshorthand writers, New York: Gregg Division/McGraw-Hill Book Co, 1987, ISBN 978-0-07-022525-1, OCLC 17358410
  36. ↑ Groote, A W (1899), Stenografie voor iedereen; een alfabetisch kortschrift (in Dutch), Amsterdam, S.L. van Looy, OCLC 38743867
  37. ↑ Mistrík, Jozef (1961), Stenografia : systém Herout-Mikulík : učebnica pre ekonomické školy a pre kurzy. 2 (in Czech), Bratislava, OCLC 320136077
  38. ↑ "'Homographie: von Lady Sophie Scott' - Digitalisat | MDZ". www.digitale-sammlungen.de. Retrieved 2026-01-27.
  39. ↑ Sexton, Andrew Graham (1932). Hy-Speed Longhand. Trenton, New Jersey: Hy-Speed Longhand Publishing Company.
  40. ↑ Mahmud, Melizubaida (August 2017). Stenografi di Perguruan Tinggi (in Indonesian). Gorontalo: Ideas Publishing. ISBN 978-602-6635-30-3.
  41. ↑ "16 de Diciembre de 1824: Primer versión taquigráfica en Argentina". chacoenlineainforma.com (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2021-05-10. Retrieved 2021-05-10.
  42. ↑ Pocknell, Edward (1882). "Pocknell's Legible Shorthand". Google Books. Retrieved 2017-05-03.
  43. 1 2 "Veja técnicas de taquigrafia para melhorar suas anotações". grupopreve.com.br (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2021-05-11.
  44. ↑ Glass, David Rose] [from old catalog (1909). The lightning legible shorthand. The Library of Congress. San Bernardino, Cal., The Glass publishing company.
  45. ↑ Script phonography, 4th edition, Script Phonography Co., Limited, 1888, OCLC 493051954
  46. ↑ Kökeritz, Helge (1929), Stenografi; Melins system (in Swedish), Hermods korrespondensinstitut, OCLC 19770187
  47. ↑ Principles of ABC shorthand, Landmark edition; series II, Bobbs-Merrill, 1975, ISBN 978-0-672-26132-9, OCLC 16458026
  48. ↑ Merrill, Albert H (1929), Merrill's business shorthand copyrighted, Los Angeles, A.H. Merrill, OCLC 28009717
  49. ↑ "Il Sistema Michela in Senato e a Torino". cr.piemonte.it (in Italian). Retrieved 2021-05-14.
  50. ↑ Moat, Thomas (1833), The Short-Hand Standard : attempted by an analysis of the Circle as an introductory foundation of a New System of Stenography, which demonstratively proves that a Speaker can be followed with one third less inflections of the Pen, and consequently in one third less time than by any other system extant., London: T. Tegg and Sons
  51. ↑ Munson, James Eugene (1880), Munson's system of phonography. The phrase-book of practical phonography, containing a list of useful phrases, printed in phonographic outlines; a complete and thorough treatise on the art of phraseography ... etc, New York, J.E. Munson, OCLC 51625624
  52. ↑ Chase, Percival Herbert (1919), The national simplex shorthand, Lincoln, Eng., Lincolnshire Chronicle, OCLC 45029671
  53. ↑ Mengelkamp, August (1917), The Manual of Natural Shorthand Designed for Class or Self-Instruction - Fifth Improved Edition, Remsen, Iowa, USA, OCLC 262463989
  54. ↑ Malham-Dembleby, John (1919), New art of real shorthand, Eccleshill, Bradford, Eng, OCLC 7807489
  55. ↑ McKee, C E (1890), New rapid phonography : a complete connective-vowel system of short-hand, McKee Pub. House, OCLC 31366224
  56. ↑ Hawkins, Laurence F (1964), Notescript : a system of alphabetical shorthand especially designed for students, teachers, writers, and other notetakers, New York: Barnes & Noble
  57. ↑ Lichtentag, A (1895), Lichtentag's Paragon shorthand, Lichtentag, OCLC 1968213
  58. ↑ Salser, Carl Walter; Yerian, C Theo (1968), Personal shorthand, National Book Co, OCLC 11720787
  59. ↑ Pitman, Isaac (1937), Pitman shorthand, Toronto, OCLC 35119343
  60. ↑ Macaulay, Aulay (1747), Polygraphy: or, Shorthand made easy to the meanest capacity (2 ed.), Printed for the author
  61. ↑ Delaunay, Albert (1878), Cours de sténographie (Méthode Prévost-Delaunay), Picard
  62. ↑ Marsh, Andrew J; Twain, Mark (1868), Marsh's manual of reformed phonetic short-hand: being a complete guide to the best system of phonography and verbatim reporting, San Francisco, H. H. Bancroft & Company, OCLC 6193473
  63. ↑ Scheithauer, Markus (2020), Schreib Steno! System Scheithauer/Steinmetz (in German), Köln 2022, 2nd edition, ISBN 978-3-00-062289-2
  64. ↑ Metcalfe, Theophilus (1690), Short-Writing: The most easie, exact, lineal, and speedy method that hath ever been obtained, or taught., London: J. Hancock
  65. ↑ Simson, James (1881), Compend of syllabic shorthand: being a synopsis of the system, Ayr, Shorthand Institute, OCLC 45009130
  66. ↑ Dearborn, Emma B (1927), Speedwriting, the natural shorthand, Brief English systems, inc., OCLC 4791648
  67. ↑ "СТЕНОГРАФИЯ И ЕЕ РЫЦАРЬ". Nauka i Zhizn (in Russian). Moscow. 2009. Retrieved 2021-05-10.
  68. ↑ Willis, John (1618), The Art of Stenographie : or, short writing, London: Robert Willis
  69. ↑ Weston, James, Stenograpy Compleated, Or the Art of Short-hand Brought to Perfection, London 1727, 1st edition
  70. ↑ Gunkel, Horst (1977), Stiefografie. Anleitung zum Selbststudium (in German), Verlag der Vereinigung Rationelle Stenografie Hanau, ISBN 3-921697-60-3
  71. ↑ Lemaster, A James; Hankin, Ellen G (1990), SuperWrite : alphabetic writing system. Brief course, South-Western Pub. Co, ISBN 978-0-538-60527-4, OCLC 22975956
  72. ↑ Abbott, Frederick Fant (n.d.). Swiftograph: A Simple Shorthand System for the Million!. Doncaster.
  73. ↑ Shelton, Thomas (1710). "Tachygraphy". Internet Archive. Retrieved 2017-05-04.
  74. ↑ Taylor, Samuel (1786), An essay intended to establish a standard for an universal system of stenography, London, Printed for the author, hdl:2027/mdp.39015077876194, OCLC 13966685
  75. ↑ Hill, James (1968), Teeline: a method of fast writing, London, Heinemann Educational, OCLC 112342
  76. ↑ Thomas, Charles A (1937), Thomas natural shorthand; a modern, progressive system of shorthand based on natural, already familiar writing lines, New York, Prentice-Hall, inc, OCLC 18220117
  77. ↑ Mitzschke, Paul Gottfried; Lipsius, Justus; Heffley, Norman P (1882), Biography of the father of stenography, Marcus Tullius Tiro. Together with the Latin letter, "De notis," concerning the origin of shorthand, Brooklyn, N.Y, OCLC 11943552
  78. ↑ Baines, William (1917). Typed Shorthand. Cooperstown, New York: Arthur H. Christ Co.
  79. ↑ "Ward's book of days: February 29th". wardsbookofdays.com. Retrieved 2015-10-07.
  80. ↑ Wang, Leif; Flagstad, Michael; Krogdahl, Olav (1947), Stenografi, Norsk korrespondenceskole
  81. ↑ Weston, James (1727), Stenography Compleated : or the art of Short-hand brought to perfection..., London: Printed by the author
  82. ↑ Phillips, Walter (1879). The Phillips Telegraphic Code for the Rapid Transmission by Telegraph. Washington, D.C.: Gibson Brothers, Printers.
  83. ↑ Evans, John (1947). The Evans Basic English Code (PDF). Chicago, IL: John & Clarence Evans.
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