List of rulers of Rwanda

Mwami of Rwanda
Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Rwanda
Last to reign:
Kigeli V Ndahindurwa
28 July 1959 – 28 January 1961
Details
StyleHis Majesty
First monarchGihanga I
Last monarchKigeli V Ndahindurwa
FormationUnknown (ancient times)
Abolition28 January 1961
ResidenceNyanza, Rwanda
AppointerRoyal Council of Abiru
PretenderPrince Emmanuel Bushayija

This article contains a list of rulers of Rwanda. The Kingdom of Rwanda was ruled by sovereigns titled mwami (plural abami), and was one of the oldest and the most centralized kingdoms in the history of Central and East Africa. The First Rwandese Republic abolished the monarchy in 1961 during the Rwandan Revolution, and was followed by the Second Rwandese republic in 1973 and the Third Rwandese Republic in 1994, before the current republic of Rwanda.

Kings of Rwanda

Before 14th century

14th–20th centuries

14th–19th centuries
Portrait Name
(Lifespan)		 Reign Notes
Vansina (2004)[3] Stewart (2006)[4]
Ndahiro II Ruyange – c. 1350–1386
Ndahiro III Ndoba – c. 1386–1410
Ndahiro IV Samembe – c. 1410–1434
Nsoro I Samukondo – Omitted
Nsoro II Byinshi – c. 1434–1458
Ruganzu I Bwimba – c. 1458–1482
Cyilima I Rugwe – c. 1482–1506
Kigeli I Mukobanya – c. 1506–1528
Mibambwe I Sekarongoro I Mutabazi – c. 1528–1552
Yuhi II Gahima II – c. 1552–1576 Enumerated as Yuhi I by Stewart.
Ndahiro II Cyamatare – c. 1576–1600
Ruganzu II Ndoli – c. 1600–1624
Mutara I Nsoro III Semugeshi – c. 1624–1648
Kigeli II Nyamuheshera – c. 1648–1672
Mibambwe II Sekarongoro II Gisanura c. 1700–1735 c. 1672–1696
Yuhi III Mazimpaka 1735–1766 c. 1696–1720 Enumerated as Yuhi II by Stewart.
Kalemera Rwaka Ntagara 1766–1770 c. 1720–1744
Cyilima II Rujugira 1770–1786 c. 1744–1768
Kigeli III Ndabarasa 1786–1796 c. 1768–1792
Mibambwe III Mutabazi II Sentabyo 1796–1801 c. 1792–1797
Yuhi IV Gahindiro 1801–1845 c. 1797–1830 Enumerated as Yuhi III by Stewart.
Mutara II Rwogera
(1802–1867)		 1845–1867 c. 1830–1853
Kigeli IV Rwabugiri
(1840?–1895)		 1867 – September 1895 c. 1853–1895
Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa September 1895 – December 1896 c. 1895 – November 1896
20th century
Portrait Name
(Lifespan)		 Reign Notes
Yuhi V Musinga[5]
(1883–1944)		 December 1896 – 12 November 1931
Mutara III Rudahigwa
(1911–1959)		 12 November 1931[6] – 25 July 1959[7]
Kigeli V Ndahindurwa
(1936–2016[8])		 28 July 1959[9][10] – 28 January 1961[11]

List of Presidents of Rwanda

Political parties
Status
‡ Denotes acting president
List of presidents of Rwanda
No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)		 Elected Term of office Ethnic group Political party Prime minister(s) Ref.
Took office Left office Time in office
Republic of Rwanda (part of Ruanda-Urundi)
— Dominique Mbonyumutwa‡
(1921–1986)		 — 28 January 1961 26 October 1961 271 days Hutu Parmehutu Kayibanda
1 Grégoire Kayibanda Grégoire Kayibanda
(1924–1976)		 1961 26 October 1961 1 July 1962 248 days Hutu Parmehutu Himself
Republic of Rwanda (independent country)
(1) Grégoire Kayibanda Grégoire Kayibanda
(1924–1976)		 1965
1969		 1 July 1962 5 July 1973
(Deposed in coup)		 11 years, 4 days Hutu Parmehutu Position abolished [12][13]
2 Juvénal Habyarimana Juvénal Habyarimana
(1937–1994)
[a]		 1978
1983
1988		 5 July 1973 6 April 1994
(Assassinated)		 20 years, 275 days Hutu MRND /
Military		 Position abolished
(until 1991)
Nsanzimana
Nsengiyaremye
Uwilingiyimana		 [14]
Vacant (6 April 1994 – 8 April 1994)
— Théodore Sindikubwabo‡
(1928–1998)
[b]		 — 8 April 1994 19 July 1994
(Ousted)
[c]		 102 days Hutu MRND Kambanda
3 Pasteur Bizimungu Pasteur Bizimungu
(born 1950)		 — 19 July 1994 23 March 2000
(Resigned)		 5 years, 248 days Hutu RPF Twagiramungu
Rwigema
Makuza		 [15]
4 Paul Kagame Paul Kagame
(born 1957)		 — 24 March 2000‡ 22 April 2000 26 years, 158 days Tutsi RPF Makuza
Habumuremyi
Murekezi
Ngirente
Nsengiyumva		 [16]
2003
2010
2017
2024		 22 April 2000 Incumbent

Timeline

Kingdom of Rwanda Timeline (1700–1961)

Kigeli V NdahindurwaMutara III RudahigwaYuhi V MusingaMibambwe IV RutarindwaKigeli IV RwabugiriMutara II RwogeraYuhi IV GahindiroMibambwe III Mutabazi II SentabyoKigeli III NdabarasaCyilima II RujugiraKalemera RwakaYuhi III MazimpakaMibamwe II Sekarongoro II Gisanura

Timeline of Republic of Rwanda

Paul KagamePasteur BizimunguThéodore SindikubwaboJuvénal HabyarimanaGrégoire KayibandaDominique Mbonyumutwa

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Styled as Chairman of the Committee for Peace and National Unity until 1 August 1973.
  2. ↑ After the assassination of Habyarimana, Colonel Théoneste Bagosora along with Colonel Rwagafilita gathered supporters and convened a meeting of a Crisis Committee; Sindikubwabo was installed as interim President at the meeting. The committee was officially dissolved, but Bagosora and other senior officers remained de facto leaders of the country during Sindikubwabo's term.
  3. ↑ Fled to Zaire at the end of the Rwandan Civil War and the Rwandan genocide.

References

  1. ↑ Kagame, Alex. 2015. Inganji Kalinga. New York Publications.
  2. 1 2 3 Leon Delmas
  3. ↑ Vansina, Jan (2004). Antecedents to Modern Rwanda: The Nyiginya Kingdom. University of Wisconsin Press.
  4. ↑ Stewert, John (2006). African States and Rulers (Third ed.). McFarland & Co. p. 190. ISBN 0-7864-2562-8.
  5. ↑ "Olny.nl".
  6. ↑ Frank K. Rusagara (2009). Resilience of a Nation: A History of the Military in Rwanda. Fountain Publishers. p. 99. ISBN 9789970190010.
  7. ↑ Tharcisse Gatwa (2005). The Churches and Ethnic Ideology in the Rwandan Crises, 1900-1994. Regnum Books International. p. 55. ISBN 9781870345248.
  8. ↑ "Kigeli V Ndahindurwa, Rwandan king without a crown, dies at 80". The Washington Post. 18 October 2016.
  9. ↑ "A King With No Country". Washingtonian. 27 March 2013.
  10. ↑ Aimable Twagilimana (2007). Historical Dictionary of Rwanda. Scarecrow Press. p. xxix. ISBN 9780810864269.
  11. ↑ Leonhard Praeg (2007). The Geometry of Violence. AFRICAN SUN MeDIA. p. 39. ISBN 9781920109752.
  12. ↑ "Military Coup in Rwanda Follows Tribal Dissension". The New York Times. Associated Press. 6 July 1973. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
  13. ↑ "Mission d'information sur le Rwanda" (in French). Celui-ci s'était construit sur la destruction de la Première République. Entre 1974 et 1977, 56 personnes, pour la plupart d'anciens dirigeants de la Première République, avaient été assassinés par les services de la sécurité. Le premier Président rwandais, Grégoire Kayibanda, était mort en détention en 1976, probablement de faim.
  14. ↑ Ronald Sullivan (7 April 1994). "Juvenal Habyarimana, 57, Ruled Rwanda for 21 Years". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
  15. ↑ "Rwanda President Resigns". The New York Times. 24 March 2000. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
  16. ↑ Declan Walsh (6 April 2024). "From the Horror to the Envy of Africa: Rwanda's Leader Holds Tight Grip". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
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