List of prehistoric sponge genera
This list of prehistoric sponges is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been included in the phylum Porifera, excluding purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera that are now considered invalid, doubtful (nomina dubia), or were not formally published (nomina nuda), as well as junior synonyms of more established names, and genera that are no longer considered to be sponges.
Naming conventions and terminology
Naming conventions and terminology follow the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Technical terms used include:
- Junior synonym: A name which describes the same taxon as a previously published name. If two or more genera are formally designated and the type specimens are later assigned to the same genus, the first to be published (in chronological order) is the senior synonym, and all other instances are junior synonyms. Senior synonyms are generally used, except by special decision of the ICZN, but junior synonyms cannot be used again, even if deprecated. Junior synonymy is often subjective, unless the genera described were both based on the same type specimen.
- Nomen nudum (Latin for "naked name"): A name that has appeared in print but has not yet been formally published by the standards of the ICZN. Nomina nuda (the plural form) are invalid, and are therefore not italicized as a proper generic name would be. If the name is later formally published, that name is no longer a nomen nudum and will be italicized on this list. Often, the formally published name will differ from any nomina nuda that describe the same specimen.
- Nomen oblitum (Latin for "forgotten name"): A name that has not been used in the scientific community for more than fifty years after its original proposal.
- Preoccupied name: A name that is formally published, but which has already been used for another taxon. This second use is invalid (as are all subsequent uses) and the name must be replaced. As preoccupied names are not valid generic names, they will also go unitalicized on this list.
- Nomen dubium (Latin for "dubious name"): A name describing a fossil with no unique diagnostic features. As this can be an extremely subjective and controversial designation, this term is not used on this list.
| Contents: | A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z — See also |
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A
- Acanothyia
- Acanthactinella[1]
- Acanthastrella[2]
- Acanthochaetetes[3]
- Acanthocoryna[4]
- Acanthodictya
- Acanthophora
- Acanthopyrgus[5] (synonym of Yukonensis;[6] name was already occupied by a genus of grasshoppers (Acanthopyrgus, Descamps & Wintrbert 1966[7])
- Acanthoraphis
- Acanthospongia
- Achrochordiella
- Achrochordonia
- Acloeodictya
- Acoelia
- Acosmostroma
- Actinocoelia[4][8]
- Actinodictya
- Actinodictyon
- Actinofungia
- Actinolites
- Actinostromaria
- Actinostromarianina
- Actinostromella
- Actostroma
- Aculatostroma
- Adrianella
- Adriatella
- Afiacyathus
- Agastrocyathus
- Aglithodictya
- Agyrekocyathus
- Ajacicyathellus
- Ajacicyathus
- Aka
- Aksopora
- Alaskacoscinus
- Alaskaspongia
- Alasonia
- Alataucyathus
- Alconeracyathus
- Alectona
- Allantospongia
- Alleynodictyon
- Allomera
- Allonia[9]
- Allosaccus
- Allossospongia[8]
- Alosculum
- Alphacyathus
- Alpinothalamia
- Altaicyathus
- Amblysiphonella[4]
- Amblysiphonelloides
- Amnestostroma
- Amphilectella
- Amphipora[8]
- Amphispongia[8]
- Amphorithalamia
- Amsassia
- Anaptyctocyathus
- Andreaea (sponge)
- Angaricyathus
- Angullongia
- Annaecoelia
- Annulocyathella
- Annulocyathus
- Annulofungia
- Anomoclonella[2]
- Anomorphites
- Anostylostroma
- Antarcticocyathus
- Anthaspidella[2]
- Anthomorpha
- Anthracosycon[2][4]
- Antoniocoscinus
- Antrispongia
- Antrospongia
- Aphlebospongia
- Aphrocallistes
- Aphrosalpinx
- Aplosphecion
- Aplysinofibra
- Apocoelia
- Aporosocyathus
- Aptocyathella
- Aptocyathus
- Arakespongia[2][9]
- Araneosustroma
- Arborohindia[2]
- Arbuscula
- Archaeocyathus (originally spelled Archeocyathus)[3]
- Archaeodoryderma[2]
- Archaeolynthus[3]
- Archaeopharetra
- Archaeoscyphia[8]
- Archaeosycon
- Archiasterella[9]
- Arctostroma
- Ardrossacyathus
- Arimasia
- Armstrongia
- Arrythmocricus
- Arthaberia
- Arturocyathus
- Arystidictyon
- Asteractinella[9]
- Asteriospongia
- Asterocyathus
- Asterospongia
- Asterotumulus
- Asthenospongia
- Astraeoconus[9]
- Astraeospongium[9]
- Astrobolia
- Astrocladia
- Astroconia[1]
- Astrolemma
- Astropegma
- Astroporina
- Astrosclerida
- Astrostylopsis
- Astylomanon
- Astylospongia[2][8]
- Astylospongiella
- Ataxiocyathus
- Atelodictyon
- Atopostroma
- Atrochaetetes
- Attungaia[2]
- Aulacera
- Aulacosia
- Aulacospongia
- Aulaxinia
- Auliscocyathus
- Aulocopella
- Aulocopina
- Aulocopium[2][8]
- Aulocricus
- Aulocyclus
- Aulodomus
- Aulophax
- Aulosoma
- Aulospongia
- Auroria
- Australispongia
- Azorica
- Azyrtalia
B
- Baccispongia
- Bactronella
- Baikalocyathus
- Balantionella
- Balatonia
- Barrandeolites
- Barroisia
- Bathotheca
- Batschykicyathus[3]
- Battaglia
- Bauneia
- Beaussetia
- Becksia
- Belemnospongia[2]
- Belemnostroma
- Belonisia
- Beltanacyathus
- Belubulaia
- Belubulaspongia[2]
- Bicolumnostratum
- Bicoscinus
- Bifariostroma
- Bipallicyathus
- Blastinia
- Blastinoidea
- Blastochaetetes
- Blastulospongia
- Boikothalamia
- Bolidium
- Bolitesia
- Bolojerea
- Bolospongia
- Boonderooia
- Borocyathus
- Bothoteca
- Bothrochlaenia
- Bothroconis
- Bothrolemma
- Botocyathus
- Botroclonium
- Botryodictya
- Botryosella
- Bottonaecyathus
- Brachiospongia[9]
- Bractocyathus
- Brevisiphonella
- Brianispongia
- Brochodora
- Bullulodictyon
- Burgundia
- Butakovicyathus
C
- Cadniacyathus
- Caesaria
- Calamopora (synonym of Hindia)[8]
- Calathiscus
- Calathospongia
- Calcihexactina[1]
- Calcistella
- Calicia
- Caliculospongia
- Callicylix
- Callodictyon
- Callopegma
- Calthropella
- Calycocoelia[8]
- Calycospongia
- Calymmatina
- Calyptocoscinus
- Calyptrella
- Cambrocyathells
- Camellaspongia[2]
- Cameroptychium
- Camerospongia
- Canistrumella
- Capsospongia
- Capsulocyathus
- Carinacyathus
- Carnegiea
- Carphites[4]
- Carpicyathus
- Carpospongia[2]
- Carta
- Carterella
- Caryoconus[8]
- Caryomanon
- Caryospongia[2][8]
- Caseispongia
- Cassianochaetes
- Cassianostroma
- Cassianothalamia
- Catenispongia
- Cauliculospongia
- Caulophacus
- Cavispongia
- Cavusonella
- Cellicyathus
- Celyphia
- Ceotinella
- Cephalites
- Cephaloraphidites
- Ceraostroma
- Ceratodictya
- Ceratoporella
- Ceriodictyon
- Chaetetella
- Chaetetes[3]
- Chaetetipora
- Chaetetopsis
- Chakassicyathus
- Chalaropegma
- Chancelloria[9]
- Changicyathus
- Chankacyathus
- Chaunactis[4][2]
- Cheilosporites
- Chenendopora
- Chiastoclonella[8]
- Chirospongia
- Choia
- Choiaella
- Chondrocladia
- Chonellopsis
- Chouberticyathus
- Churanocyathus
- Cinclidella
- Cincliderma
- Cinnabaria
- Circopora
- Cladocoropsis
- Cladodermia
- Cladodia
- Cladolithosia
- Cladorhiza
- Claruscoscinus
- Clathricoscinus
- Clathricyathus
- Clathrispongia
- Clathrithalamus
- Clathrocoilona
- Clathrodictyella
- Clathrodictyon[8]
- Clathrospongia
- Clathrostroma
- Clavidictyon
- Cleodictya
- Clepsydrospongia
- Clifdenella
- Climacospongia[8]
- Cliona
- Cnemaulax
- Cnemicopanon
- Cnemidiastrum
- Coelocladia[4]
- Coelocladiella[4]
- Coeloconia
- Coelocorypha
- Coeloptychium
- Coeloscyphia
- Coelosphaeroma
- Coenostella
- Coenostroma
- Collatipora[2][4]
- Colossolacis
- Colpospongia
- Columellaespongia[2]
- Columna
- Columnostroma
- Compositocyathus
- Compsaspis
- Conannulofungia
- Condylacanthus
- Coniatopenia
- Coniculospongia
- Conispongia
- Conocoelia
- Constellatospongia
- Copleicyathus
- Corallidium
- Corallistes
- Cordilleracyathus
- Cordobicyathus
- Cornuaspongia
- Corralio
- Corticium
- Corticospongia
- Corticulospongia
- Corymbospongia
- Corynella
- Coscinaulus
- Coscinocyathella
- Coscinocyathellus
- Coscinocyathus
- Coscinodiscus
- Coscinopora
- Coscinoptycta
- Coscinospongia
- Cotylahindia
- Cotyliscus
- Còyptoporocyathus
- Craniella
- Crassicoscinus
- Crateromorpha
- Craticularia
- Crawneya[2][8]
- Cribrospongia
- Cribrothalamia
- Crispispongia
- Crucispongia
- Crumillospongia
- Cryptocoelia
- Cryptodictya
- Cryptophragmus
- Cucumaltina
- Cupulina
- Cyathocricus
- Cyathodictya
- Cyathophycus
- Cyathophyscus
- Cyathospongia
- Cycloclema
- Cyclocyathella
- Cyclostigma
- Cylicoopsis
- Cylindrophyma
- Cymbochlaenia
- Cypellia
- Cypellospongia
- Cyrtobolia
- Cysticyathus
- Cystispongia
- Cystistroma
- Cystocerium
- Cystostroma
- Cystothalamia
- Cystothalamiella
- Cytoracea
D
- Dactylites[4]
- Dactylocalycites
- Dactylocalyx
- Daharella
- Dailycyathus
- Deceptioncyathus
- Defordia[2][4][8]
- Degeletticyathus
- Denaecyathus
- Dendroclonella[8]
- Deningeria
- Densastroma
- Densocyathus
- Dentatocoscinus
- Dermatostroma
- Desmidopora
- Desmoderma
- Desmopora
- Desmostroma
- Devonoscyphia[2]
- Devonospongia[2]
- Diacyparia
- Diagoniella
- Diaplectia
- Diasterofungia
- Dichojerea
- Dicranoclonella
- Dictyocoelia
- Dictyocyathus
- Dictyofavus
- Dictyophyton
- Dictyorhabdus
- Dictyospongia
- Dictyosycon
- Didymocyathus
- Didymosphaera
- Diecithalamia
- Dierespongia
- Diestosphecion
- Dimorpha
- Diphyllospira
- Diplochaetetes
- Diplocyathellus
- Diplodictyon
- Diplopleura
- Diplostoma
- Diplostroma
- Discispongia
- Discocoeila
- Discodermia
- Discodermites
- Discophyma
- Discosiphonella
- Discostroma
- Disjectopora
- Disparistromaria
- Ditraenella
- Divaricospongia[1]
- Docoderma[4]
- Dokidocyathella
- Dokidocyathus
- Doryderma
- Dracolychnus
- Drosdoria
- Drosdovia
- Dunhillia[8]
- Dupliporocyathus
- Dyoconia
- Dyocopanon
- Dysidea
- Dystactospongia[2]
E
- Ecblastesia
- Ecclimadictyon
- Echidnina
- Ectenodictya
- Edelsteinia
- Edriospongia
- Eiffelia[9]
- Elasma
- Elasmalimus
- Elasmocoelia
- Elasmoierea
- Elasmostoma
- Ellesmerespongia
- Ellipsactinia
- Emploca
- Enaulofungia
- Endoplegma[4]
- Endostoma
- Enoplocoelia
- Ensiferites[9]
- Eochaunactis
- Eocoryne
- Eospongia
- Epeudea
- Epiplastospongia
- Epistomella
- Epitheles
- Erbocyathus
- Eremitacyathus
- Erineum
- Erismacoscinus
- Erugatocyathus
- Erylus
- Esperites
- Etalloniella
- Etheridgia
- Ethmocoscinus
- Ethmocyathus
- Ethmophyllum[8]
- Eubrochis
- Eubrochus
- Eudea
- Eudictyon
- Euepirrhysia
- Euleraphe
- Euplectella
- Eurete
- Euryamphipora
- Eurydiscites
- Eusiphonella
- Eustrobilus
- Eutactostomium
- Euzittelia
- Euzkadiella
- Exanthesis
- Exochopora[2]
- Exodictydia
F
- Faciledictyon
- Fallocyathus
- Falospongia
- Faniathalamia
- Fansycyathus
- Farrea
- Farreopsis
- Favilynthus
- Favosichaetetes
- Feifelia
- Felixium
- Fenestrocyathus
- Fenestrospongia
- Ferestromatopora
- Fieldospongia
- Finksella[8]
- Fissispongia
- Fistellaspongia
- Fistulimurina
- Fistulisponga
- Flabellispongia
- Flexanulus
- Flexiostroma
- Flosculus
- Foerstella
- Follicalena
- Forcepia
- Formosocyathus
- Forolina
- Fragilicyathus
- Fransuasaecyathus
- Frinalicyathus
- Fusiferella
G
- Gabelia
- Gabrielsocyathus
- Gagarinicyathus
- Garraspongia
- Gaspespongia
- Gatagacyathus
- Geniculicyathus
- Geocyathus
- Geodia
- Geodiopsis
- Geodites
- Gerronodictyon
- Gerronostroma
- Gevreya
- Gigantospongia
- Gignouxia
- Gillettia
- Ginkgospongia
- Girtycoelia
- Glenodictyum
- Glomocystospongia
- Gloriosocyathus
- Glyptostromoides
- Gnaltacyathus
- Gomphites
- Gonamispongia
- Gondekia
- Gongylospongia
- Gordonicyathus
- Gordonifungia
- Goreauiella
- Graminospongia
- Graphoscyphus
- Gravestockia
- Griphodictya
- Grossotubenella
- Guadalupia
- Guettardiscyphia
- Guitarra
- Guizhouchaetetes
- Gumbycyathus
- Gyrispongia
H
- Habrosium
- Habrostroma
- Halichondrites
- Halina
- Hallirhoa
- Hallodictya
- Halysicyathus
- Hamacantha
- Hammatostroma
- Hamptonia
- Hapalopegma
- Haplistion[2][4]
- Haplistionella
- Hartmanina
- Hazelia[2]
- Heckericyathus
- Heftastylis
- Helicodictya
- Helicolocellus
- Heliospongia[2][4]
- Helminthophyllum
- Helobrachium
- Heloraphinia
- Hemidiscella
- Hemithalamocyathus
- Henricellum
- Heptastylis
- Hermatoporella
- Hermatostroma
- Hermatostromella
- Hesperocoelia
- Heteroraphidites
- Heterospongia
- Heterostella
- Heterostinia
- Hexactinella
- Hexactractiella
- Hexastylostroma
- Himatella
- Hindia[2][8]
- Hintzesnonaia
- Hintzespongia
- Hippalimus
- Hispidopetra
- Hodsia
- Holasterella
- Holcospongia
- Holocoelia
- Holodictyon
- Homalodora
- Hormathospongia
- Hormospongia
- Hudsonella
- Hudsonospongia
- Hunanospongia
- Hupecyathellus
- Hupecyathus
- Hyaloderma
- Hyalonemia
- Hyalospongia
- Hyalostelia[1]
- Hyalotragos
- Hydnoangulus
- Hydnoceras
- Hydnocerina
- Hydnodictya
- Hydriodictya
- Hymedesmia
- Hypothyra
- Hyptocyathus
I
- Ichnospongia
- Ichnusocyathus
- Idiodictyon
- Idiostroma
- Iljinicyathus
- Imbricatocoelia
- Imperatoria
- Imponodictyon
- Inacyathella
- Incurvocyathus
- Inessocyathellus
- Inessocyathus
- Infexiostella
- Ingentilotus
- Inobolia
- Inodia
- Insulipora[4]
- Intexodictyon
- Intextum
- Intrasporeocoelia
- Intratubospongia
- Iophon
- Iouea
- Iowaspongia
- Irinaecyathus
- Irpaspongia[10]
- Irregulatopora
- Ischadia
- Isispongia
- Isiticyathus
- Isoraphinia
- Itararella[1]
- Ithacadictya
J
K
- Kalimnospongia
- Kalpinella
- Kaltatocyathus
- Karatubulus
- Kasyricyathus
- Kazania
- Kechikacyathus
- Kellericyathus
- Kentrosia
- Keriocoelia
- Keriocyathus
- Keriogastrospongia
- Khalfinaea
- Khasaktia
- Kidjasocyathus
- Kijacyathus
- Kisasacyathus
- Kiwetinokia
- Kiwicyathus
- Kolbicyathus
- Koleostoma
- Komia
- Konyrium
- Kordecyathus
- Korovinella
- Korshunovicyathus
- Kotuyicoscinus
- Kozlowskispongia
- Krasnopeevacyathus
- Kruseicnema
- Kyarocyathus
- Kymbecyathus
- Kyphoclonella
L
- Labechia
- Labechiella
- Ladaecyathus
- Lamellata
- Lamellistroma
- Lamellopora
- Landercyathus
- Lanicyathus
- Laocaetis
- Lasiocladia
- Lasiothrix[2]
- Latrunculia
- Laubenfelsia
- Lebedictya
- Lecanella
- Lecomptella
- Lefroyella
- Leinia
- Leiocarenus
- Leiochaetetes
- Leiochonia
- Leiodermatium
- Leiodorella
- Leiophyllum
- Leiospongia
- Leiostracosia
- Lemonea
- Lenica
- Lenocyathus
- Lepidospongia
- Leptolacis
- Leptomitella
- Leptomitus
- Leptophragma
- Leptopoterion
- Leptosocyathellus
- Leptosocyathus[3]
- Lerouxia
- Leuconia
- Lewinia
- Lichuanopora
- Lichuanospongia
- Licmosinion
- Lindstroemispongia[8]
- Lineastroma
- Linochone
- Linonema
- Liscombispongia
- Lissocoelia[2]
- Lithopora
- Lithostrobilis
- Litophyllum
- Loculicyathus
- Loganiella
- Lonsda
- Lopadophorus
- Lopanella
- Lophiostroma
- Ludictyon
- Lumectospongia
- Lunulacyathus
- Lychniscaulus
- Lyidium
- Lymnorea
- Lyrodictya
- Lysactinella
M
- Macandrewia
- Macandrewites
- Mackenziecyathus
- Macrobrochus
- Madonia
- Maiandrocyathus
- Makiyama
- Malinowskiella
- Malluviospongia
- Malumispongium
- Mamelohindia
- Marginospongia
- Marinduqueia
- Markocyathus
- Marshallia
- Mastodictya
- Mastodictyum
- Mastophorus
- Mastophyma
- Mastosia
- Mattajacyathus
- Mattaspongia
- Matthewcyathus
- Mawsonicoscinus
- Meandripetra
- Meandrospongia
- Meandrostia
- Megalelasma
- Megalithistida
- Megaloraphium
- Megarhiza
- Megastroma
- Megastylia
- Melkanicyathus
- Melonanchora
- Melonella
- Membranacyathus
- Mennericyathus
- Merlia
- Metaldetes
- Metamsassia
- Metschnikowia
- Metyacyathellus
- Microblastidium
- Microcoryne
- Microdendron
- Microhemidiscia
- Microrhizophora
- Microstaura[4]
- Mikhnocyathus
- Milleporella
- Milleporidium
- Mimeticosia
- Mixtusdictyon
- Moleculospina
- Molengraafia
- Molybdocyathus
- Monilispongia
- Mootwingeecyathus
- Morenicyathus
- Moretia
- Moretiella
- Moretispongia
- Mortieria[2]
- Moskovia
- Mrassocyathus
- Muchattocyathus
- Muellerithalamia
- Multiloqua
- Multipocula
- Multistella[2][4][8]
- Multivasculatus
- Murania
- Murguithalamia
- Myliusia
- Myrioporina
- Myrmecidium
- Myrmeciophytum
- Myrmecioptychium
- Mysterium
- Myxilla
N
- Nabaviella
- Nalivkinicyathus
- Napaeana
- Nelumbia
- Nelumbifolium
- Nematinion
- Nematosalpinx
- Neobeatricea
- Neoguadalupia
- Neohindia
- Neoloculicyathus
- Neopelta
- Neosyringostroma
- Nepheliospongia
- Nephelispongia
- Neuropora
- Nevadathalamia
- Nevadocoelia[2]
- Newellia
- Nibionia
- Nipterella
- Nitidus
- Nochoroicyathus
- Nodulipora
- Norfordia
- Nostrocyathus
- Novitella
- Nucha
- Nuratadictyon
O
- Ocellaria
- Octobrum
- Oculospongia
- Offella
- Okulitchicyathus[3]
- Okulitchina
- Olangocoelia
- Olgaecyathus
- Oligoplagia
- Olkenbachia
- Oncocladia
- Oncophora
- Oncosella[8]
- Oncotoechus
- Opeamorphus
- Opetionella[8]
- Ophiodesia
- Ophiraphidites
- Ophrystoma
- Oppligera
- Orbiasterocyathus[3]
- Orbicoscinus
- Orbicyathellus
- Orbicyathus[3]
- Ordinatus
- Orecyta
- Orienticyathus
- Ornatus
- Orospheciom
- Orthodiscus
- Ortmannia
- Ortmannispongia
- Oslodictyon
- Oxyrhizium
- Ozarkocoelia
- Ozospongia
- Ozotrachelus
P
- Pachastrella
- Pachyascus
- Pachycalymma
- Pachycorynea
- Pachycoscinus
- Pachycothon
- Pachylepisma
- Pachymura
- Pachynion
- Pachypoterion
- Pachypsechia
- Pachyrachis
- Pachysalax
- Pachystylostroma[8]
- Pachyteichisma
- Pachytheca
- Pachytilodia
- Palaeojerea
- Palaeomanon[2]
- Palaeophragmodictya
- Palaeophyma
- Palaeosaccus
- Palaeoschada
- Palaeostauronema
- Palermocoelia
- Palmatohindia
- Palmatospongia[2]
- Palmericyathus
- Pamirochaetetes
- Pamiropora
- Pamirostroma
- Panormida
- Pantokratoria
- Papillocyathus
- Paraaplysinofibria
- Paracoscinus
- Paracraticularia
- Paradeningeria
- Paraleptomitella
- Parallelopora
- Parallelostroma
- Paramblysiphonella
- Paranacyathus
- Paraspelaeum
- Parastromatopora
- Paravesicocaulis
- Parethmophyllum
- Parksia
- Parodospongia
- Paropsites
- Paruvanella
- Patanophyma
- Patellispongia[8]
- Pattersonia
- Pelicaspongia
- Pennastroma
- Peregrinicyathus
- Perimera
- Periphragella
- Periplectum
- Perissocoelia
- Peronella
- Peronidella
- Perplexostroma
- Perissocoelia[8]
- Petalope
- Petraia[8]
- Petroidistroma
- Petrosistroma
- Petrosites
- Petrostroma
- Phacellopegma[2][4]
- Phalangium
- Phanerochiderma
- Pharetrospongia
- Pheronema
- Phialaspongia[2]
- Phlyctaenium
- Phlyctia
- Phobetractinia
- Pholidocladia
- Phormosella
- Phragmocoelia
- Phragmodictya
- Phrissospongia
- Phyllodermia
- Phymaplecia
- Phymaplectia
- Phymaraphinia
- Phymatella
- Physocalpia
- Physospongia
- Piamaecyathellus
- Pichiostroma
- Pileolites[4]
- Pileospongia
- Pinnatispongia
- Pirania
- Pisothalamia
- Placochlaenia
- Placojerea
- Placonella
- Placoscytus
- Placotrema
- Plakina
- Platiferostroma
- Platispongia
- Platychonia
- Platythalamiella
- Plectascus
- Plecteurette
- Plectinia
- Plectoderma
- Plectodermatium
- Plectospyris
- Plectostroma
- Plectroninia
- Pleroma
- Plethosiphonia
- Pleurochorium
- Pleuromera
- Pleurope
- Pleurophymia
- Pleuropyge
- Pleurostoma
- Plexodictyon
- Plicocyathus[3]
- Pliegatella
- Plinthodermatium
- Plinthosella
- Pliobolia
- Plioboliopsis
- Plococonia
- Plocoscyphia
- Plumatalina
- Pocillospongia
- Podapsis
- Polyactinella
- Polyblastidium
- Polycnemiseudea
- Polycoscinus
- Polycystocoelia
- Polyedra
- Polyendostoma
- Polygonatium
- Polylophidium[4]
- Polyosepia
- Polyplectella
- Polyrhipidium
- Polyrhizophora
- Polyschema
- Polysiphon
- Polysiphonella
- Polysiphospongia
- Polysiponeudea
- Polystigmatium
- Polystoma
- Polysyge
- Polytholosia
- Polythyra
- Polythyris
- Polytretia
- Porefieldia
- Poriferella
- Porkunites
- Porochonia
- Porocoscinus
- Porocypellia
- Porosphaera
- Porosphaerella
- Porospongia
- Postperissocoelia[8]
- Poterionella
- Praeidiostroma
- Praethalamopora
- Precaratoporella
- Precorynella
- Prethmophyllum
- Preverticillites
- Prismodictya
- Procorallistes
- Procyathellus
- Proeuplectella
- Proeurete
- Prohexactinella
- Prokaliapsis
- Promillepora
- Propachastrella
- Propleroma
- Propriolynthus
- Proseliscothon
- Prosiphonella
- Protachilleum
- Protetraclis
- Protoarmstrongia
- Protohyalostelia[1]
- Protoleucon
- Protopharetra
- Protoprisma
- Protospongia
- Protosycon
- Protremadictyon
- Psarodictyon
- Psephosyllogus
- Pseudoactinodictyon
- Pseudoactinostroma
- Pseudoamblysiphonella
- Pseudochaetetes
- Pseudoguadalupia
- Pseudoguettardia
- Pseudohydnoceras
- Pseudoimperatgoria
- Pseudojerea
- Pseudolabechia
- Pseudopalaeoaplysina
- Pseudopemmatites
- Pseudoplocoscyphia
- Pseudoporefieldia
- Pseudoscytalia
- Pseudoseliscothon
- Pseudoseptifer
- Pseudostromatoporella
- Pseudostylodictyon
- Pseudosyringocnema
- Pseudotrupetostroma
- Pseudoverruculina
- Pseudovirgula
- Psilocalyx
- Pterocalpia
- Ptretiosocyathus
- Ptychochaetetes
- Ptychodesia
- Pulchrilamina
- Purisiphonia
- Putapacyathus
- Pycnocalyptra
- Pycnoclonella
- Pycnodesma
- Pycnoidocoscinus[3]
- Pycnoidocyathus
- Pycnopegma[2]
- Pycnospongia
- Pyritonema
- Pyrogochonia
- Pyrospongia
- Pyruspongia
Q
- Quadrolaminiella
R
- Raanespongia
- Rackovskia
- Racodiscula
- Radicanalospongia
- Radicispongia
- Radioplica
- Radiostroma
- Radiothalamos[3]
- Radiotrabeculopora
- Ragadinia
- Rahbahthalmia
- Ramalmerina
- Ramispongia
- Rankenella
- Raphidonema
- Rasetticyathus
- Ratcliffespongia
- Rauffia
- Rectannulus
- Regardrella
- Regispongia
- Regnardia
- Reiswigia
- Reniera
- Retecoscinus
- Retetumulus
- Reticulcoelia
- Reticullina
- Reticullina
- Retifungus
- Rhabdactinia
- Rhabdolynthus
- Rhabdosispongia
- Rhabdospongia
- Rhabdotum
- Rhagosplecion
- Rhakistella[1]
- Rhaxella
- Rhaxelloides
- Rhizocheton
- Rhizomorina[8]
- Rhizopoteronopsis
- Rhizopsis
- Rhizopterion
- Rhizostele
- Rhizotetraclis
- Rhodanospongia
- Rhogostomium
- Rhombedonium
- Rhombodictyon
- Rhopalicna
- Rhopalocoelia[2]
- Rhopaloconus
- Rhopalospongia
- Rhoptrum
- Rhytidoderma
- Riasanospongia
- Rigbyella[1]
- Rigbyetia
- Rigbyspongia
- Ringifungia
- Robertiolynthus
- Robertocyathus
- Robustocyathellus[3]
- Robustocyathus
- Roemerispongia
- Rosella
- Rosenellinella
- Rossocyathella
- Rotundocyathus[3]
- Rozanovicoscinus[3]
- Rozanovicyathus
- Rudanulus
- Russocyathus
- Russospongia
- Rutkowskiella[8]
S
- Saccospongia[2]
- Sadleria
- Saetaspongia
- Sagittularia
- Sahraja
- Sajanocyathus
- Sajanolynthus
- Sakhacyathus
- Salairella
- Salairocyathus
- Salzburgia
- Sanarkocyathus
- Sanarkophyllum
- Sarophora
- Saynospongia
- Scheiia[4][2]
- Scheiella[2]
- Scheielloides
- Schistodictyon
- Schizolites
- Schrammeniella
- Schumnyicyathus
- Scleritoderma
- Sclerocoelia
- Sclerocyathus
- Sclerokalia
- Scleroplegma
- Sclerothamnopsis
- Scolecosia
- Scolioraphis
- Scribroporella
- Scytalia
- Scythophyma
- Sebargasia
- Sekwicyathus
- Seliscothon
- Semperella
- Senowbaridaryana
- Sentinella
- Septochaetetes
- Seranella
- Sergaelites
- Sestrocladia
- Sestrodictyon
- Sestrostomella
- Shirdagopora
- Shiveligocyathus
- Shuqraia
- Sibirecyathus
- Sigmocoscinus
- Sigmocyathus
- Sigmofungia
- Silicunculus
- Simplexodictyon
- Sinodictyon
- Siphonia
- Siphonocoelia
- Siphostroma
- Solenocoelia
- Sollasia
- Somersetella[8]
- Sontheimia
- Sphaeractinia
- Sphaeriella
- Sphaerocoelia
- Sphaerodictya
- Sphaeropegma
- Sphenaulax
- Spherolichaetetes
- Sphinctonella
- Spinocladia
- Spinosocyathus
- Spinospongia
- Spiractinella[2]
- Spirillicyathella
- Spirolophia
- Spirospongia
- Spitsbergenia
- Spongelites
- Spongeoliomorpha
- Spongiomorpha
- Spongiothecopora
- Sporadoporidium
- Sporadopyle
- Sporadoscinia
- Squamosocyathus
- Stachyodes
- Stachyspongia
- Stamnia
- Staphylopora
- Stapicyathus
- Statanulocyathus
- Stauractinella
- Stauroderma
- Stauronema
- Steinerella
- Steineria
- Steinmanella
- Steliella
- Stellarispongia
- Stelletta
- Stellettites
- Stellispongia
- Stelodictyon
- Stephanella
- Stephanicyathus
- Stephenospongia
- Stereodictyum[4]
- Stevocyathus
- Stichmaptyx
- Stichophyma
- Stictostroma
- Stillicidocyathus
- Stioderma[1][4]
- Stiodermiella
- Stolleya
- Stramentella
- Stratispongia
- Stratodictyon
- Strephinia
- Streptosolen
- Streptospongia
- Stromaporidium
- Stromatidium[4]
- Stromatoaxinellia
- Stromatocerium
- Stromatodictyon
- Stromatomorpha
- Stromatopora
- Stromatoporella
- Stromatoporellata
- Stromatoporellina
- Stromatoporina
- Stromatorhaxella
- Stromatorhiza
- Stromatospongia
- Stromatostroma
- Stylopegma
- Styloporella
- Stylostroma
- Stylothalamia
- Subascosymplegma
- Subtilocyathus
- Sulcastrella
- Svetlanocyathus
- Sycodictya
- Syltispongia[8]
- Sylviacoscinus
- Synaulia
- Synopella
- Synthetostroma
- Synthetostroma
- Syringocnema
- Syringocyathus
- Syringodictyon
- Syringostroma
- Syringostromella[8]
- Syringostromina
- Syringothalamus
T
- Tabulacyathellus
- Tabulacyathus
- Taeniaecyathellus
- Takakkawia
- Taleastroma
- Talpaspongia[9]
- Taplowia
- Taraxaculum
- Taylorcyathus
- Tchojacyathus
- Tebagathalamia[3]
- Teganium
- Tegerocyathus
- Tennericyathus
- Tercyathellus
- Tercyathus
- Testispongia
- Tetillopsis
- Textispongia
- Thalamnohaliclona
- Thalamocyathus
- Thalamopora
- Thallospongia
- Thamnodictya
- Thamnonema
- Thamnospongia
- Thaumastocoelia
- Thecosiphonia
- Theneopsis
- Theonella
- Tholiasterella[9]
- Thoosa
- Thoracospongia[11]
- Thrombus
- Thyroidium
- Thysanodictya
- Tiddalickia
- Tienodictyon
- Timorella
- Titusvillia
- Tiverina
- Tollicyathus
- Tolminothalamia
- Tologoicyathus
- Toomeyospongia[1]
- Toquimiella[9]
- Toriscodermia
- Torosocyathus
- Tosastroma
- Toulminia
- Trachydictya
- Trachynoton
- Trachyphlyctia
- Trachysinia
- Trachyspecion
- Trachysycon
- Trachytila
- Tragalimus
- Trammeria
- Tremabolites
- Tremadictyon
- Tremaphorus
- Tremospongia
- Tretocalia
- Tretodictyum
- Tretoechus
- Triadocoelia
- Trichospongia
- Trigonostroma
- Trininaecyathus
- Tristratocoelia
- Triticispongia
- Trochobolus
- Trupetostroma
- Tubericyathus
- Tubicoscinus
- Tubispongia
- Tubuliella
- Tubuliporella
- Tumulifungia
- Tumuliolynthus
- Tumulocoscinus
- Tumulocyathus[3]
- Turgidaspongia[1]
- Turonia
- Tuvacnema
- Twenhofelella
- Tylocyathus
- Typhlopleura
U
V
- Vaceletia[3]
- Valhalla
- Valospongia
- Varneycoelia[2]
- Vascothalamia
- Vascothalmia
- Vaurealispongia
- Vauxia
- Velellospongia
- Ventriculites
- Vermiculissimum
- Veronicacyathus
- Verrucospongia
- Verruculina
- Verticillites
- Vesicocaulis
- Vetulina
- Vikingia
- Virgaspongia
- Virgula
- Virmula
- Vittia
- Vologdinocyathellus
- Vologdinocyathus
W
X
- Xestecyathus[3]
- Xizangstromatopora
- Xylospongia
Y
Z
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Li, L.; Reitner, J.; Gong, F.; Yan, G.; Wu, R. (2023). "A new stiodermatid (Hexactinellida, Porifera) from the latest Ordovician of Anhui, South China and its significance for searching the missing link between the Cambrian and late Palaeozoic stiodermatid lineage". Historical Biology. 35 (1). doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.2024180.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 Finks, Robert (2003). "Chapter 2: Paleozoic Demospongea: Morphology and Phylogeny". Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part E, Porifera (Revised). Vol. 2. University of Kansas. pp. 63–126.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Debrenne, F.; Zhuravlev, A.Y.; Kruse, P.D. (2015). "General Features of the Archaeocyatha". Treatise on invertebrate paleontology, part E, Porifera (revised) (PDF). pp. 845–922. doi:10.17161/dt.v0i.5770.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Finks, Robert M. (1960). "Late Paleozoic Sponge Faunas of the Texas Region". Bulletin of the Museum of Natural History. 120 (1).
- ↑ Handfield, Robert C. (1967). "A New Lower Cambrian Archaeocyatha?". Journal of Paleontology. 41 (1): 209–212.
- 1 2 Özdikmen, Hüseyin (2009). "Substitute groups names for eight sponge genus group names (Porifera)" (PDF). Munis Entomology & Zoology. 4 (1): 212–218.
- ↑ Descamps, M.; Wintrbret, D. (1966). "Revue et diagnose préliminaire de quelques Pyrgomorphidae et Acrididae de Madagascar [Orth. Acridoidea]" [Review and Preliminary Diagnosis of Some Pyrgomorphidae and Acrididae from Madagascar [Orth. Acridoidea]]. Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France (in French). 71: 24–34.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 Rhebergen, F.; Botting, J.P. (2014). "A new Silurian (Llandovery, Telychian) sponge assemblage from Gotland, Sweden". Lethaia: 1–87. doi:10.1111/let.12053.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Rigby, J.K.; Nitecki, M.H. (1975). "An unusually well-preserved Heteractinid sponge from the Pennsylvanian of Illinois and a possible classification and evolutionary scheme for the Heteractinidia". Journal of Paleontology. 49 (2): 329–339.
- ↑ Mehl, D.; Mostler, H. (1993). "Neue Spicula aus dem Karbon und Perm: Konsequenzen für die Evolutionsökologie der Hexactinellida (Porifera), Strategien ihrer Gerüstbildung im Spätpaläozoikum und frühen Mesozoikum" [New Spicules from the Carboniferous and Permian: Implications for the Evolutionary Ecology of the Hexactinellida (Porifera) and their Skeleton-Building Strategies in the Late Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic] (PDF). Geologisch-Paläontologische Mitteilungen (in German). 19: 1–28.
- ↑ Mehl, Dorte (1996). "Phylogenie und Evolutionsökologie der Hexactinellida (Porifera) im Paläozoikum" [Phylogeny and Ecolutionary Ecology of the Hexactinellidae (Porifera) in the Paleozoic] (PDF). Geologisch-Paläontologische Mitteilungen (in German). 4: 1–55.