This is a list of professional sumo wrestlers who are either foreign-born or of mixed heritage by country and/or ethnicity of origin, along with original name, years active in sumo wrestling, and highest rank attained. Noted if applicable are Japanese hometown, naturalization, and sumo elder status. Names in bold indicate a still-active wrestler.
As of July 2026, there have been 216 wrestlers listing a foreign country as their place of origin (shusshin) on the official ranking sheet (banzuke); a figure not accounting for foreign-born wrestlers credited with a Japanese hometown.[1][2]
History
The first foreign born wrestler to reach the top makuuchi division was the Hawaiian born Takamiyama in January 1968,[3] who was also the first to win a top division tournament championship or yūshō in 1972. He was followed by fellow Hawaiians Konishiki who was the first foreigner to reach the second highest ōzeki rank in 1987, and American Akebono who became the first foreign yokozuna, the highest rank, in 1993. In 1992, following the entry of six Mongolians to Ōshima stable, there was an unofficial ban (called enryo or "restraint") instigated by the Japan Sumo Association's head Dewanoumi on any more foreign recruitment.[4] Speaking at a Western Japan Press Club luncheon in Osaka in 1995, Dewanoumi reportedly said, "There are no official regulations, but stable masters have a tacit agreement not to scout foreigners actively because they have difficulty adapting to Japanese customs."[5] In 1998 this ban was relaxed but there was also the first official restrictions, a cap of forty foreigners in professional sumo as a whole and each individual heya or training stable restricted to a maximum of two, not counting those who had obtained Japanese citizenship.[4] In February 2002 this was changed to one foreigner per heya with no overall cap,[6] although foreigners recruited prior to the rule change were not affected. Despite these restrictions, foreigners began to dominate the highest levels of the sport. By 2013, foreign born wrestlers made up just seven percent of the 613 wrestlers active in professional sumo, yet occupied one third of the 42 spots in the top division.[7] No Japanese-born wrestler won a top division tournament between Tochiazuma in January 2006 and Kotoshōgiku in January 2016, with 56 of the 58 tournaments held in that period won by Mongolians.[8]
Several foreign-born sumo wrestlers have become sumo elders after their retirement as wrestlers.[9]
Annotations
# marks a foreign-born wrestler credited with a Japanese hometown (shusshin) and hence not counted against the one-foreigner-per-stable restriction active since 2002.
‡ marks a foreign-born wrestler naturalized as a Japanese citizen only after joining professional sumo and thus still counted against the one-foreigner-per-stable restriction active since 2002.
§ marks a retired foreign-born wrestler who became a sumo elder, of which becoming a naturalized Japanese citizen is a necessary condition.
Japanese-born wrestlers
| Sumo name | Birth Name | Ethnicity | Hometown | Years active | Highest rank |
| Asakomiya Masahiro[10] | Masahiro Komiya | Korean-Japanese[11] | Saitama | 2006–2007 | jonokuchi 42 |
| Baraki Genki[12] | Baraki Ito | Filipino-Japanese[13] | Saitama | 2013–2024 | makushita 58 |
| Chiyotaikai Ryūji[14] | Ryūji Sudō | Taiwanese-Japanese | Oita | 1992–2010 | ōzeki |
| Daishōyū Maabin[15] | Marvin Lee Sano Jr. | American-Japanese[16] | Tokyo | 2006–2008 | makushita 18 |
| Fujinohana Rei[17] | Rei Saito | American-Japanese[18] | Miyagi | 2009–2017 | sandanme 16 |
| Fujinoumi Jun[19] | Jun Saito | American-Japanese[18] | Miyagi | 2009–2017 | makushita 47 |
| Fujiryōga Masaharu[20] | Masaharu Goshima | Filipino-Japanese[21] | Aichi | 2026–active | maegashira 9 |
| Gyokuōzan Yoshihito[22] | Hidetoshi Kanazawa | Paraguayan-Japanese | Aichi | 2022–active | makushita 20 |
| Hokuōzan Kōkichi [23] | Hikari Hagiwara | Turkish-Japanese | Hokkaido | 2020–2023 | makushita 35 |
| Honoikazuchi Kurisu[24] | Li Bill Christopher | Filipino-Japanese | Kanagawa | 2026–active | makushita 37 |
| Ikazuchidō Neri[25] | Neri Yamada | Nigerian-Japanese[26] | Saitama | 2022–active | makushita 27 |
| Itadaki Sennosuke[27] | Masahiko Kikuchi | Canadian-Japanese[18] | Tokyo | 2010–2024 | makushita 18 |
| Itsunoshima Naohide[28] | Naohide Takebayashi | Korean-Japanese[29] | Aichi | 2002–2004 | jonidan 91 |
| Kaitōma Aron[30] | Mark Aron Justin Toma | Brazilian-Japanese-Filipino[31] | Kanagawa | 2017–2025 | jonidan 2 |
| Kaneshiro Kōfuku[32] | Kofuku Kaneshiro | Korean-Japanese[33] | Miyazaki | 1974–1987 | sekiwake |
| Kinkaiyama Ryū[34] | Ryusui Kin | Korean-Japanese[35] | Nagasaki | 1991–2006 | maegashira 6 |
| Kotoeihō Hiroki[36] | Taiki Tebakari | Korean-Japanese | Chiba | 2022–active | maegashira 7 |
| Kotoshōhō Yoshinari[37] | Toshiki Tebakari | Korean-Japanese | Chiba | 2017–active | sekiwake |
| Maenoyama Tarō[38] | Kazuichi Kaneshima | Korean-Japanese | Osaka | 1961–1974 | ōzeki |
| Maikeru Shūki [39] | Maikeru Hayashi | Filipino-Japanese | Fukui | 2017–2024 | makushita 29 |
| Matenrō Ken[40] | Ken Shirata | American-Japanese | Yamagata | 1991–2003 | makushita 12 |
| Mienoumi Tsuyoshi[41] | Goro Ishiyama | Korean-Japanese[42] | Mie | 1963–1980 | 57th yokozuna |
| Nabatame Tatsuya[43] | Tatsuya Nabatame | Thai-Japanese | Tochigi | 2020–active | jūryō 5 |
| Raō Nozomu[44] | Rao Ito | Filipino-Japanese[13] | Saitama | 2011–2024 | makushita 37 |
| Rinko Yoshikazu[45] | Rei Hayashi | Filipino-Japanese | Nagano | 2022–active | makushita 46 |
| Ryūga Tsunetaka[46] | Corvin Ryuga Delzatto | American-Japanese | Kanagawa | 2018–2020 | jonidan 80 |
| Onbashira Ryu[47] | Ryu Hayashi | Filipino-Japanese | Nagano | 2022–active | sandanme 22 |
| Otani Masatada[48] | Masatada Otani | American-Japanese[49] | Okinawa | 2022–2024 | makushita 27 |
| Shōryū Yoshimitsu[50] | Yoshimitsu Kobayashi | Thai-Japanese[51] | Nagano | 2024–active | sandanme 44 |
| Taiga Kōji[52] | Taiga Tanji | Russian-Japanese[53] | Fukushima | 2018–2025 | makushita 32 |
| Taihō Kōki[54] | Koki Naya (Ivan Boryshko) | Ukrainian-Japanese | Karafuto | 1956–1971 | 48th yokozuna |
| Takagenji Satoshi[55] | Satoshi Kamiyama | Filipino-Japanese | Tochigi | 2013–2021 | maegashira 10 |
| Takano Joji[56] | Joji Takano[57] | American-Japanese | Fukuoka | 1974–1976 | jonidan 34 |
| Takanofuji Sanzō[58] | Tsuyoshi Kamiyama | Filipino-Japanese | Tochigi | 2013–2019 | jūryō 5 |
| Takayasu Akira[59] | Akira Takayasu | Filipino-Japanese | Ibaraki | 2005–active | ōzeki |
| Tamanoumi Masahiro[60] | Masao Takeuchi | Korean-Japanese[42] | Aichi | 1959–1971 | 51st yokozuna |
| Tamarikidō Hideki[61] | Hideki Yasumoto | Korean-Japanese | Tokyo | 1997–2010 | maegashira 8 |
| Tanji Jun[62] | Jun Tanji | Russian-Japanese[53] | Fukushima | 2022–active | jūryō |
| Tochinowaka Michihiro[63] | Daewon Lee | Korean-Japanese[64] | Hyogo | 2007–2015 | maegashira 1 |
| Tōhakuryū Masahito[65] | Masahito Shiraishi | Taiwanese-Japanese[66] | Tokyo | 2019–active | maegashira 15 |
| Tsuyukusa Kazuki[67] | Tsuyukusa Kazuki | Polish-Japanese[68] | Kanagawa | 2016–2020 | makushita 51 |
| Wakatōshō Toshio[69] | Toshio Kanemoto | Korean-Japanese[70] | Chiba | 1985–1993 | jūryō 9 |
| Yonezawaryū Daiki[71] | Daiki Igarashi | Filipino-Japanese[72] | Yamagata | 2024–active | makushita 35 |
Foreign-born wrestlers
Bolivia
| Sumo name | Birth Name | Years active | Highest rank | Notes |
| Kirameki Takayoshi[75] | Daniel Vélez-García | 2020–2021 | sandanme 70 | # (Aichi) |
Brazil
| Sumo name | Birth Name | Ethnicity | Years active | Highest rank | Notes |
| Agōra Kazuma[76] | Lucas Kazuo Iima | Japanese-Brazilian | 2023–active | makushita 54 |
| Azumakaze Futoshi | Tuzatto Giuliano Kochinda | Italian-Brazilian | 1991–1999 | sandanme 29 | |
| Azumaō Yasuhito[77] | Yasuhito Marcio Morita | Japanese-Brazilian | 1994–2005 | makushita 36 | |
| Hakusan Momotarō[73] | Pasquale Bosche | Italian-Brazilian | 1977–1986 | makushita 9 | |
| Kaisei Ichirō | Ricardo Sugano | Japanese-Brazilian | 2006–2022 | sekiwake | § |
| Kaishin Kikuzō[78] | Eiji Nagahama | Japanese-Brazilian | 2004–2012 | makushita 49 | |
| Kawamura Kōsaku | Kosaku Kawamura | Japanese-Brazilian | 1976–1983 | sandanme 41 | |
| Kitaazuma Kiyoshi | Tetsuya Takeda | Japanese-Brazilian | 1991–1998 | makushita 18 | |
| Kiyonomine Minoru | Mario Minoru Akamine | Japanese-Brazilian | 1979–1989 | makushita 18 | |
| Kotonomori Takamori | Mario Fuchiue | Japanese-Brazilian | 1999–2000 | jonidan 69 | |
| Kotoōsako Shigeaki | Shigeaki Julio Osako | Japanese-Brazilian | 1991–1994 | jonidan 106 | |
| Kuniazuma Hajime[79] | Wander Ramos | | 1991–2004 | jūryō 4 | |
| Kuninosato Toshio | Roberto Toshio Wada | Japanese-Brazilian | 1980–1992 | makushita 23 | |
| Ryūkō Gō[80] | Luis Go Ikemori | Japanese-Brazilian | 1992–1998 | jūryō 8 | |
| Takaazuma Katsushige[81] | Christiano Luis de Souza | | 2004–2008 | makushita 24 | |
| Tatsunishiki[82] | Yoshihira Takeuchi | Japanese-Brazilian | 1967–1971 | jonidan 6 | |
| Wakaazuma Yoshinobu[83] | Yoshinobu Kuroda | Japanese-Brazilian | 1991–2003 | jūryō 13 | |
Bulgaria
| Sumo name | Birth Name | Years active | Highest rank | Notes |
| Aoiyama Kōsuke[84] | Daniel Ivanov (Даниел Иванов) | 2009–2024 | sekiwake | § |
| Kotoōshū Katsunori[85] | Kaloyan Stefanov Mahlyanov (Калоян Стефанов Махлянов) | 2002–2014 | ōzeki | § |
| Torakiō Daiki[86] | Ventsislav Nikolov Katsarov (Венцислав Николов Кацаров) | 2017–2019 | sandanme 15 | |
Canada
| Sumo name | Birth Name | Years active | Highest rank |
| Homarenishiki Yasokichi[87] | Brodik Mackenzie Philip Henderson | 2015–2016 | sandanme 46 |
| Kototenzan Toshimitsu[87] | John Anthony Tenta Jr. | 1985–1986 | makushita 43 |
China
| Sumo name | Birth Name | Region | Years active | Highest rank | Notes |
| Chiyohakuryū Kōto[88] | Guangdou Bai (白光斗) | Inner Mongolia | 2004–2011 | sandanme 22 | |
| Daiseizan Daisuke[89] | Altan-Ochir Asgakhad (Алтан-Очирын Асгахад) | Inner Mongolia | 2022–active | maegashira 16 | |
| Kaiho I[90] | Yi Pan (潘毅) | Shanghai | 1990–1992 | jonidan 79 | |
| Kanōyama Sunyo[91] | Chengyue Xie (叶盛悦) | | 1991–1992 | jonokuchi 22 | |
| Kiyonohana Ōyo[92] | Lihua Zhang (张令华) | Fujian | 1974–1978 | jūryō 5 | |
| Kōkiryū Kaito[93] | Peihuang Chen (陈佩煌) | Fujian | 2022–2024 | jonidan 27 | # (Osaka) |
| Kōsei Kō[94] | Shiqiang Gao (高世強) | Liaoning | 2003–2017 | makushita 14 | |
| Kotoō Shuton[95] | Shidong Wang (王世東) | Shandong | 1992–1993 | sandanme 9 | |
| Manazuru Hisashi[96] | Songsong Cheng (程颂颂) | Beijing | 2004–2015 | sandanme 13 | |
| Nakanokuni Shō[97] | Chao Lu (呂超) | Beijing | 2002–2012 | jūryō 12 | |
| Ryūtei Weifu[98] | Weifu Li (李伟福) | Shandong | 2004–2013 | sandanme 3 | |
| Sōkokurai Eikichi[99] | Enkhtuvshin (Энхтүвшин) | Inner Mongolia | 2003–2020 | maegashira 2 | § |
| Takaō Yu[100] | Yu Wang (王瑜) | Shanghai | 1991–2003 | sandanme 41 | |
| Wakashōji Ano[101] | Ano Cho (赵晏绪) | Jilin | 2010–2010 | jonokuchi 22 | |
Hungary
| Sumo name | Birth Name | Years active | Highest rank |
| Masutōō Akira[110] | Attila Toth | 2005–2021 | makushita 8 |
Indonesia
| Sumo name | Birth Name | Ethnicity | Years active | Highest rank |
| Kotoanbai Ken[111] | Ken Anbai | Japanese-Indonesian | 2015–2015 | jonokuchi 25 |
Kazakhstan
| Sumo name | Birth Name | Years active | Highest rank |
| Kazafuzan Taiga[112] | Suyenesh Khudibayev (Сүйініш Худибаев / Суйиниш Худибаев) | 2003–2014 | makushita 10 |
| Kinbōzan Haruki[113] | Baltagul Yersin (Балтағұл Ерсін) | 2021–active | maegashira 3 |
South Korea
| Sumo name | Birth Name | Years active | Highest rank | Notes |
| Harimayama Hanatarō[115] | Sangjin Hong (홍상진 洪相鎭) | 1990–1994 | makushita 58 | |
| Kaihakuzan Yungi[116] | Yoongi Baek (백윤기 白允基) | 1999–2000 | sandanme 49 | |
| Kasugaō Katsumasa[117] | Sungtaek Kim (김성택 金成澤) | 1998–2011 | maegashira 3 | |
| Kinryūzan Jongun[118] | Jonggeun Kim (김종근 金鍾根) | 2003–2009 | sandanme 42 | |
| Kōraiyama Yoshisuke[119] | Gilryang Seo (서길량 徐吉亮) | 1969–1981 | makushita 11 | |
| Kotoyanagi[120] | Shigeki Nishimoto (西本重煕) | 1983–1985 | jonidan 78 | Born in Japan to Japanese parents, but raised in South Korea |
| Kunimiyama[121] | Kiju Kim (김기주 金基柱) | 1977–1988 | makushita 27 | |
| Kuninofuji Kiifun[122] | Kihun Song (송기훈 宋基勳) | 2001–2002 | jonidan 109 | |
| Kyōryū Yoshitsuru[123] | Seonhak Park (박선학 朴善鶴) | 1975–1983 | makushita 15 | |
| Nankaiyama Shigehide[124] | Naruhide Kan / Seongyeong Kang (강성영 姜成英) | 1969–1971 | makushita 57 | |
| Nanzan Shukō[125] | Suhyeong Chae (채수형 蔡洙亨) | 1990–1992 | sandanme 54 | |
| Soranoumi Ichiriki[126] | Sooyong Kim (김수영 金樹泳) / Juei Ōzora (大空樹泳) | 1999–2019 | makushita 25 | |
| Watenkō[127] | Kazuo Hayashi | 1966–1970 | sandanme 80 | |
| Yamada Narihide[128] | Seongyeong Yu (유성영) / Narihide Yamada (山田成英) | 2004–2006 | jonidan 31 | |
Mongolia
| Sumo name | Birth Name | Years active | Highest rank | Notes |
| Aratōshi Mitsuo[129] | Tserendorj Wanchigutseren (Цэрэндорж Ванчигцэрэн) | 2008–2016 | makushita 39 | |
| Arauma Tōru[130] | Battogtokh Turtogtokh (Төртогтох Баттогтох) | 2020–2024 | makushita 23 | |
| Arawashi Tsuyoshi[131] | Dulguun Erkhbayar (Эрхбаяр Дөлгөөн) | 2002–2020 | maegashira 2 | |
| Asahakuryū Tarō | Ragchaa Jamintogtokh | 2022–active | maegashira 8 | |
| Asahiryū Katsuhiro | Denzensambu Batzorig | 2016–2019 | makushita 23 | |
| Asahifuji Hideki | Battsetseg Ochirsaikhan | 2024–active | makushita 11 | |
| Asahitaka Kōichi | Bat-Orgil Tserenchimed | 1992–1993 | sandanme 97 | |
| Asasekiryū Tarō | Badarchiin Dashnyam | 2000–2017 | sekiwake | § |
| Asashōryū Akinori | Dolgorsürengiin Dagvadorj | 1999–2010 | 68th yokozuna | |
| Azumaryū Tsuyoshi | Todbileg Sanduljav | 2008–2024 | maegashira 14 | |
| Bontenshō Yūki | Naidan Bayarkhuu | 2001–2003 | jonidan 25 | |
| Chiyoshōma Fujio | Ganbaatar Munkhsaikhan | 2009–active | maegashira 2 | ‡ |
| Daibanjaku Hisashi | Batsukh Khaidavmunkh | 1999–2004 | sandanme 10 | |
| Daiōnami Masaru | Batbaatar Uuganbayar | 2001–2016 | makushita 33 | |
| Daishōchi Kenta | Ulambayaryn Byambajav | 2001–2005 | makushita 15 | |
| Daishōhō Kiyohiro | Shijirbayar Chimidregzen | 2013–2026 | maegashira 9 | |
| Daitenshō Ken | Norjinkhand Ayurzana | 2001–2010 | makushita 7 | |
| Daitenzan Noritaka | Ganbat Batzaya | 2001–2005 | makushita 58 | |
| Daiyūbu Ryūsen | Davaadorj Undrakh | 2001–2010 | jūryō 10 | |
| Dewahikari Tsutomuample | Ulziisuren Tsolmon | 2002–2009 | sandanme 3 | |
| Dewanoryū Kazuki | Tumurbaatar Temuulen | 2019–active | jūryō 3 | |
| Fudōyama Subaru | Nyamjav Luvsandorj | 2000–2008 | sandanme 38 | |
| Gōchōzan Masashi | Delgersaikhan Uuganbaatar | 2006–2020 | makushita 7 | |
| Gōseizan Minoru | Baatar Munkh Od | 2024–active | makushita 42 | |
| Hakuba Takeshi | Ariunbayar Unurjargal | 2000–2011 | komusubi | |
| Hakugetsuro Katsuyori | Ariunerdene Sukhbat | 2026–active | jonidan 6 | |
| Hakuhō Shō | Mönkhbatyn Davaajargal | 2001–2021 | 69th yokozuna | § |
| Harumafuji Kōhei | Davaanyamyn Byambadorj | 2001–2017 | 70th yokozuna | |
| Hokuseihō Osamu[132] | Ariunaa Davaaninj | 2020–2024 | maegashira 6 | # (Hokkaido) |
| Hokutenkai Aoi | Sukhbat Galdan | 2019–active | makushita 5 | |
| Hokuto | Narantuya Khuselbaatar | 2026–active | maezumo | |
| Hokutomaru Akira | Nasanjargal Chinzorig | 2018–2025 | makushita 6 | |
| Hoshihikari Shin'ichi | Duvchin Lhagva | 2000–2011 | jūryō 1 | |
| Hoshikaze Yoshihiro | Bold Amarmend | 2002–2011 | jūryō 3 | |
| Hoshizakura Aruta | Myagmar Altangerel | 2000–2012 | makushita 12 | |
| Hōshōryū Tomokatsu | Sugarragchaa Byambasuren | 2018–active | 74th yokozuna | |
| Ichinojō Takashi | Altankhuyag Ichinnorov | 2014–2023 | sekiwake | |
| Jōshōyū Atsushi | Altangerel Sosorkhuu | 2026–active | maezumo | |
| Kagamiō Hideoki | Nanjid Batkhuu | 2003–2023 | maegashira 9 | |
| Kakuryū Rikisaburō | Mangaljalavyn Anand | 2001–2021 | 71st yokozuna | § |
| Kazenoumi Kei | Bilguun Tsogoo | 2022–active | makushita 18 | |
| Kengō Shin | Turtuvshin Baatarkhuu | 2010–2011 | jonidan 63 | |
| Kirishima Tetsuo | Lkhagvasuren Byambachuluun | 2015–active | ōzeki | |
| Kitakasuga Ikkō | Munkhbat Tsolmonbayar | 1999–2005 | sandanme 18 | |
| Kōryū Tadaharu | Erdene Munhk-Orgil | 2000–2011 | maegashira 11 | |
| Kotokenryū Takeaki | Gantulga Bilguun | 2022–2026 | makushita 8 | |
| Kyokujishi Masaru | Tumendemberel Losol | 1992–1992 | jonidan 59 | |
| Kyokukaiyū Ren | Dalaibaatar Shagdarsuren | 2023–active | jūryō 1 | |
| Kyokusetsuzan Eiji | Munkhbold Sharaa | 1992–1992 | jonidan 91 | |
| Kyokushūhō Kōki | Erdenebaatar Tumurbaatar | 2007–2022 | maegashira 4 | |
| Kyokushūzan Noboru – | Davaagin Batbayar | 1992–2006 | komusubi | |
| Kyokutenhō Masaru | Nyamjavyn Tsevegnyam | 1992–2015 | sekiwake | § |
| Kyokutenzan Takeshi | Batmönkhiin Enkhbat | 1992–2008 | makushita 13 | |
| Maenoyū Tarō | Gankhyag Naranbaatar | 2004–2007 | makushita 25 | |
| Mitoryū Takayuki | Turbold Baasansuren | 2017–2025 | maegashira 13 | |
| Mōkonami Sakae | Ganbold Bazarsad | 2001–2011 | maegashira 6 | |
| Oniarashi Chikara | Ulziibayar Ulziijargal | 2000–2014 | jūryō 7 | |
| Ōnokatsu Kazuhiro | Choijilsuren Batjargal | 2023–active | maegashira 3 | |
| Ōshōma Degi | Purevsuren Delgerbayar | 2021–active | komusubi | |
| Ryūō Noboru | Erkhem-Ochiryn Sanchirbold | 2000–2013 | maegashira 8 | |
| Ryūōnami Katsuteru | Battugs Buyanjargal | 2010–2017 | makushita 11 | |
| Sachinofuji Seiryū | Ganzorig Origil | 2022–active | makushita 59 | # (Saitama) |
| Sadanohikari Shinta | Narantsogt Davaanyam | 2014–active | makushita 14 | |
| Sakigake Takeshi | Yagaanbaatar Battushig | 2003–2022 | jūryō 10mple | |
| Seirō Takeshi | Amgaa Unubold | 2005–2020 | maegashira 14 | |
| Senhō Tsubasa | Tsubasa Hasegawa | 2019–2024 | sandanme 6 | # (Aichi) |
| Senshō Hideki | Enkhbaatar Bayarbat | 2001–2015 | jūryō 14 | |
| Shironoryū Yasumasa | Erdenetsogt Odgerel | 2003–2013 | jūryō 1 | |
| Shōtenrō Taishi | Dagdandorj Nyamsuren | 2001–2018 | maegashira 2 | § |
| Taiga Kishō | Sumiyabazar Sharbuyanhuu | 2001–2014 | makushita 19 | |
| Takanoiwa Yoshimori | Adiya Baasandorj | 2008–2018 | maegashira 2 | |
| Tamashōhō Manpei | Erdenebileg Enkhmanlai | 2011–active | maegashira 16 | |
| Tamawashi Ichirō | Batjargal Munkh-Orgil | 2004–active | sekiwake | ‡ |
| Tatsubayama Takashi | Munkh-Erdene Buyantogtokh | 2025–active | makushita 23 | |
| Tenrōsei Kenichi | Serjbudee Luvsangombo | 2024–active | makushita 49 | |
| Tenshoyama Shogo | Ganbat Otogonbat | 2024–active | sandanme 3 | |
| Terunofuji Haruo[133] | Gantulga Gan-Erdene | 2011–2025 | 73rd yokozuna | § |
| Tokinishiki Harunobu | Tsendsuren Tüshig | 2022–2023 | sandanme 85 | |
| Tokisōma Baira | Ankhbayar Batbayar | 2017–2024 | makushita 25 | |
| Tokitenkū Yoshiaki | Altangadasyn Khüchitbaatar | 2002–2016 | komusubi | § |
| Tokusegawa Masanao | Ganbold Badamsambuu | 2003–2011 | maegashira 1 | |
| Toranoyama Kiyokazu | Ganbold Bat-Undral | 2001–2009 | sandanme 21 | |
| Toshinofuji Taisei | Usukhbayar Demidjamts | 2024–active | jūryō 4 | |
| Wakanofuji Hajime | Tuvaadorj Bukhchuluun | 2025–active | makushita 3 | |
Paraguay
| Sumo name | Birth Name | Ethnicity | Years active | Highest rank |
| Wakashio | Satoshi Miyawaki | Japanese-Paraguayan | 1985–1989 | sandanme 76 |
Philippines
| Sumo name | Birth Name | Ethnicity | Years active | Highest rank | Notes |
| Furanshisu Manabu | Teodoro Francis Robert Valles | | 2016–active | sandanme 52 | |
| Kōtokuzan Tarō[134] | Jasper Kenneth Arboladura Terai | Filipino-Japanese | 2009–active | maegashira 16 | # (Kanagawa) |
| Kuwae Issei | Pascual Justine France | | 2023–active | sandanme 14 | # (Kanagawa) |
| Masunoyama Tomoharu | Tomoharu Kato | Filipino-Japanese | 2006–2021 | maegashira 4 | # (Chiba) |
| Mitakeumi Hisashi | Ōmichi Hisashi | Filipino-Japanese | 2015–active | ōzeki | # (Nagano) |
| Tamahikuni | Jun Terrado | | 1988–1988 | jonokuchi 30 | |
| Tamahinada | Angelito Labampa | | 1988–1988 | jonidan 129 | |
| Tamahiryū | Samson Pael | | 1988–1988 | jonokuchi 2 | |
Samoa
| Sumo name | Birth Name | Years active | Highest rank |
| Nankairyū Tarō | Saba Kiriful | 1984–1988 | maegashira 2 |
| Nanyōzakura | Faaleva Fofoga | 1984–1988 | makushita 48 |
NOTE: Rikishi from American Samoa and Hawaiians of Samoan descent are listed under the United States heading.
Sri Lanka
| Sumo name | Birth Name | Years active | Highest rank |
| Tochitaikai Jirō | Sri Aminda de Perera | 1992–1992 | jonokuchi 34 |
| Sumo name | Birth Name | Years active | Highest rank |
| Shintakayama Ichirō[136][137] | Toh ûi-iok (Taku Iyaku) | 1940-1946 | makushita 15 |
Taiwan
| Sumo name | Birth Name | Years active | Highest rank |
| Eigayama Hiromasa[138] | Zhi-min Zeng | 1986–1993 | makushita 32 |
| Kahō Fumio | Pengwen Chen | 1989–1990 | jonidan 55 |
| Maedaikō Ichirō | Haolun Xu | 1988–1995 | sandanme 16 |
| Maenoumi Takeo | Jiancheng Liao | 1989–1991 | sandanme 36 |
| Ōhayama Yoshio | Kunfang Xie | 1990–1995 | makushita 53 |
| Rakōten Keigō | Qigang Zhen | 1990–1991 | jonidan 106 |
| Shū | Jianyan Zhou | 1988–1991 | jonidan 5 |
| Tamayama | Akira Yokone | 1966–1972 | sandanme 75 |
| Tatsunohana Ritsuei | Lirong Chen | 1989–1994 | makushita 45 |
| Tochinohana Chōō | Chao-huei Liu | 1980–1988 | jūryō 4 |
| Tominohana | Jiawei Ding | 1988–1992 | jonidan 31 |
Tonga
| Sumo name | Birth Name | Years active | Highest rank |
| Aotsurugi Kenta | Tebita Rato Taufa | 2001–2009 | sandanme 1 |
| Fukunoshima Hiroshi | onga Uli'uli Fifita | 1974–1977 | makushita 27 |
| Hinodeshima | Sioeli Latu Vaivaka | 1974–1976 | sandanme 34 |
| Minaminoshima Isamu[139] | Minaminoshima Isamu Falevai | 2001–2008 | makushita 21 |
| Minaminoshima Takeshi[139] | Tevita Vaiola Falevai | 1974–1976 | makushita 37 |
| Sachinoshima | Sione Havea Vailahi | 1975–1976 | sandanme 36 |
| Tomonoshima Naoyuki | Viri Manulea Fifita | 1975–1976 | jonidan 18 |
| Yashinoshima Noboru | Moleni Fe'aomoeata Tauki'uvea | 1974–1976 | makushita 53 |
United Kingdom
| Sumo name | Birth Name | Region | Years active | Highest rank |
| Eisei | Nicholas George Tarasenko | England | 2026–active | maezumo |
| Hidenokuni Hajime | Nathan John Strange | England | 1989–1990 | jonidan 89 |
| Seikō | Koo Chun Pong | British Hong Kong | 1987–1989 | jonidan 88 |
United States
| Sumo name | Birth Name | Ethnicity | State/Region | Years active | Highest rank | Notes |
| Akebono Tarō[142] | Chadwick George Ha'aheo Rowan | Hawaiian | Hawaii | 1988–2001 | 64th yokozuna | § |
| Araiwa Kamenosuke[143] | Cal Lee Martin | | California | 1968–1971 | makushita 33 | |
| Daiki Susumu | Percy Pomaikai Kipapa | Hawaiian | Hawaii | 1991–1998 | jūryō 10 | |
| Gōsetsu | Raymond Roland Lyman | | Hawaii | 1982–1983 | sandanme 86 | |
| Hikarumusashi Eru | Daniel Ailua | Samoan | Hawaii | 2024–active | sandanme 42 | |
| Hiraga Shōji[142] | Shoji Hiraga | Japanese-American | California | 1934–1938 | jonidan 23 | |
| Junyō | Isaac Faaili Tago Roe | Samoan | Hawaii | 1983–1983 | jonidan 132 | |
| Kagamifuji | Jason Michael Walker | | Texas | 2002–2003 | jonokuchi 23 | |
| Kamikiiwa Ryūta | Wayne Mahelani Vierra Jr. | Hawaiian | Hawaii | 1990–1991 | sandanme 22 | |
| Konishiki Yasokichi | Saleva'a Fuauli Atisano'e | Samoan | Hawaii | 1984–1997 | ōzeki | § |
| Kōryū Katsuichi | Eric Cosier Gaspar | | Hawaii | 1990–1997 | makushita 49 | |
| Matsuryūyama Masao | Robert Masao Suetsugu | Japanese-American | Washington | 1975–1985 | makushita 24 | |
| Muryū (alternate reading: Yumeryū) Masaru (previously Wakanonada Masaru) | John Robert Collins | | Hawaii | 1976–1981 | makushita 55 | Born in Camp Zama (Kanagawa) |
| Musashibō Benkei | William Molina | | Hawaii | 1987–1988 | jonidan 59 | |
| Musashikuni Mamu[142] | Fiamalu Musashimaru Penitani (II) | Samoan | Hawaii | 2013–2019 | makushita 26 | |
| Musashimaru Kōyō[142] | Fiamalu Penitani (I) | Samoan-Tongan | American Samoa | 1989–2004 | 67th yokozuna | § |
| Nanfū Kenzō | Pierson Kaleo Kekauoha | Hawaiian | Hawaii | 1990–1996 | makushita 1 | |
| Nanyonishiki Jiro[144] | Jeremiah Peter Onosai | Samoan | Hawaii | 1989–1990 | sandanme 24 | |
| Narushio | Emanuel Kaefaia Jr. | | Hawaii | 1983–1984 | jonidan 23 | |
| Ōzora Hiroshi | Troy Levi Talaimatai | Samoan | Hawaii | 1989–1995 | makushita 13 | |
| Sentoryū Henri | Henry Armstrong Miller | Japanese-American | Missouri | 1988–2003 | maegashira 12 | Born in Tokyo |
| Shinnishiki | Vincent Devoux | | California | 1988–1990 | sandanme 10 | |
| Sunahama Shōji | William Tyler Hopkins | | Hawaii | 1990–1997 | jūryō 5 | |
| Taikai Tsutomu | George Leiola Rowan | | Hawaii | 1989–1989 | jonokuchi 39 | |
| Takamiō Daisei | Sione (John) Tekeriri Feleunga | Tongan | Hawaii | 1986–1997 | makushita 2 | |
| Takamishū Daikichi | Taylor Tuli Wily | Samoan | Hawaii | 1987–1989 | makushita 2 | |
| Takamiyama Daigorō[142] | Jesse James Wailani Kuhaulua | Hawaiian | Hawaii | 1964–1984 | sekiwake | § |
| Takanoumi[142][145] | Phillip Smoak | | Texas | 1981–1981 | jonokuchi 29 | |
| Tamaasahi (prev. Tamakiyama) | George Isomura | Japanese-American | Hawaii | 1965–1975 | makushita 23 | |
| Toyonishiki Kiichiro | Harley Kiichiro Ozaki | Japanese-American | Colorado | 1936–1944 | maegashira 20 | |
| Wakachikara Tōru | Glenn Haywood Kalima | | Hawaii | 1991–1994 | makushita 26 | |
| Wakaichirō Ken[142] | Ichiro Kendrick Young | Japanese-American | Texas | 2016–2020 | sandanme 32 | |
| Wakatakami Tarō | George Pulaian | | Hawaii | 1977–1983 | makushita 40 | |
| Wakayashima Masaki | Asato Reid | Japanese-American | Hawaii | 1976–1978 | sandanme 32 | |
| Yamamoto Tatsumi | Edward Tatsumi Yamamoto | Japanese-American | California | 1988–1988 | jonokuchi 44 | |
| Yamato Gō | George Haywood Kalima | | Hawaii | 1990–1997 | maegashira 12 | |
References
- ↑ "Rikishi – All Foreigners". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 10 May 2026.
- ↑ Schreiber, Mark (28 January 2017). "2017: a year for sumo nostalgia". Japan Times. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
- ↑ Discounting those such as Toyonishiki and Rikidozan who were born outside Japan but nonetheless listed a Japanese hometown with the Sumo Association.
- 1 2 Furelaud, Gilles (January 2004). "Foreigners in Makuuchi: a chaotic history". Le Monde Du Sumo. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
- ↑ Associated Press (9 March 1995). "A closed-door policy?". The Honolulu Advertiser.
- ↑ Miji, Shuki (26 March 2019). "SUMO ABC No. 97 / Quota agreement in 2002 has nearly halved lineup of foreign wrestlers". The Japan News. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
- ↑ Krieger, Daniel (Jan 24, 2013). "In Japan, Sumo Is Dominated by Foreigners". New York Times. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
- ↑ "Kotoshogiku's sumo tournament victory ends long run of foreign wrestler domination". The Mainichi. January 25, 2016. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
- ↑ "News Navigator: What happens when you become a sumo elder?". The Mainichi. Sep 11, 2017.
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- ↑ Furelaud, Gilles (Nov 18, 2006). "Banzuke's newcomers". Le Monde du Sumo. Retrieved 20 September 2016.
- ↑ "Rikishi Profile: Baraki Genki". Japan Sumo Association. Retrieved 1 August 2026.
- 1 2 "160cm最小兵誕生!決まり手は背伸~び" (in Japanese). Nikkan Sports. Dec 27, 2012. Retrieved 28 July 2026.
- ↑ "Chiyotaikai Ryuji". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 1 August 2026.
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- ↑ Buckton, Mark (July 5, 2006). "The competition finally arrives". Japan Times. Retrieved 21 September 2016.
- ↑ "Rikishi Profile: Fujinohana Rei". Japan Sumo Association. Retrieved 1 August 2026.
- 1 2 3 Gunning, John (31 August 2017). "More multiracial wrestlers making mark in raised ring". Japan Times. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
- ↑ "Rikishi Profile: Fujinoumi Jun". Japan Sumo Association. Retrieved 1 August 2026.
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- ↑ "【母の日】藤凌駕 「行ってきなさい」中学2年で愛知から和歌山へ相撲留学、背中を押した母キャロルさんの言葉があったから相撲ができる" (in Japanese). Sports Hochi. 2026-05-10. Retrieved 11 May 2026.
- ↑ "Rikishi Profile: Gyokuōzan Yoshihito". Japan Sumo Association. Retrieved 1 August 2026.
- ↑ "Rikishi Profile: Hokuōzan Kōkichi". Japan Sumo Association. Retrieved 1 August 2026.
- ↑ "Rikishi Profile: Honoikazuchi Kurisu". Japan Sumo Association. Retrieved 1 August 2026.
- ↑ "Rikishi Profile: Ikazuchidō Neri". Japan Sumo Association. Retrieved 1 August 2026.
- ↑ "両親の離婚、母の死…貧しくても援助してくれた高校恩師、親代わり師匠に雷道が恩返しの関取誓う" (in Japanese). Nikkan Sports. May 19, 2025. Retrieved 28 July 2026.
- ↑ "Rikishi Profile: Itadaki Sennosuke". Japan Sumo Association. Retrieved 1 August 2026.
- ↑ "Itsunoshima Naohide Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 1 August 2026.
- ↑ "Foreign Rikishi Hoshitori" (in Japanese). 2003. Archived from the original on 2008-08-28. Retrieved 1 August 2026.
- ↑ "Rikishi Profile: Kaitōma Aron". Japan Sumo Association. Retrieved 1 August 2026.
- ↑ "魁當真は浅香山部屋の新弟子!本名は?フィリピンハーフ?一番出世で序ノ口へ!今後は相撲教習所へ!" (in Japanese). Ikumen Smile. 5 February 2018. Archived from the original on October 3, 2022. Retrieved 28 July 2026.
- ↑ "Kaneshiro Kōfuku Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 1 August 2026.
- ↑ Sharnoff, Lora (1993). Grand Sumo. Weatherhill. ISBN 0-8348-0283-X.
- ↑ "Rikishi Profile: Kinkaiyama Ryū". Japan Sumo Association. Retrieved 1 August 2026.
- ↑ "Sumo Stars to Vie in 1st Korean Tournament". The Seoul Times. 5 February 2004. Retrieved 27 July 2026.
- ↑ "Rikishi Profile: Kotoeihō Hiroki". Japan Sumo Association. Retrieved 1 August 2026.
- ↑ "Rikishi Profile: Kotoshōhō Yoshinari". Japan Sumo Association. Retrieved 1 August 2026.
- ↑ "Maenoyama Taro Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 2012-07-30.
- ↑ "Rikishi Profile: Maikeru Shūki". Japan Sumo Association. Retrieved 1 August 2026.
- ↑ "Matenrō Ken Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 1 August 2026.
- ↑ "Rikishi Profile: Mienoumi Tsuyoshi". Japan Sumo Association. Retrieved 1 August 2026.
- 1 2 Schreiber, Mark (Jan 26, 2003). "Whether crisis or not, sumo's show must go on". Japan Times. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
- ↑ "Rikishi Profile: Nabatame Tatsuya". Japan Sumo Association. Retrieved 1 August 2026.
- ↑ "Rikishi Profile: Raō Nozomu". Japan Sumo Association. Retrieved 1 August 2026.
- ↑ "Rikishi Profile: Rinko Yoshikazu". Japan Sumo Association. Retrieved 1 August 2026.
- ↑ "Rikishi Profile: Ryūga Tsunetaka". Japan Sumo Association. Retrieved 1 August 2026.
- ↑ "Rikishi Profile: Onbashira Ryu". Japan Sumo Association. Retrieved 1 August 2026.
- ↑ "Rikishi Profile: Otani Masatada". Japan Sumo Association. Retrieved 1 August 2026.
- ↑ 2023 Japanese Grand SUMO Wrestler Directory.
- ↑ "Rikishi Profile: Shōryū Yoshimitsu". Japan Sumo Association. Retrieved 1 August 2026.
- ↑ "元横綱鶴竜の音羽山部屋所属の新弟子3人が二番出世に登場 音羽山親方「期待しかない」" (in Japanese). Nikkan Sports. March 18, 2024. Retrieved 6 October 2024.
- ↑ "Rikishi Profile: Taiga Kōji". Japan Sumo Association. Retrieved 1 August 2026.
- 1 2 "【大相撲】福島出身のイケメン丹治が新十両 母はロシア出身で新体操経験者" (in Japanese). Sports Hochi. July 27, 2026. Retrieved 31 July 2026.
- ↑ "Taiho Koki Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
- ↑ "Rikishi Profile: Takagenji Satoshi". Japan Sumo Association. Retrieved 1 August 2026.
- ↑ "Takano Joji Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 1 August 2026.
- ↑ "Rikishi Profile:". Japan Sumo Association. Retrieved 1 August 2026.
- ↑ "Rikishi Profile: Takanofuji Sanzō". Japan Sumo Association. Retrieved 1 August 2026.
- ↑ "Rikishi Profile: Takayasu Akira". Japan Sumo Association. Retrieved 1 August 2026.
- ↑ "Rikishi Profile: Tamanoumi Masahiro". Japan Sumo Association. Retrieved 1 August 2026.
- ↑ "Tamarikidō Hideki Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 2012-09-08.
- ↑ "Rikishi Profile: Tanji Jun". Japan Sumo Association. Retrieved 1 August 2026.
- ↑ "Tochinowaka Michihiro Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 2011-10-15.
- ↑ "次代の大関候補、体は横綱級 大相撲・栃乃若" (in Japanese). Retrieved 1 August 2026.
- ↑ "Rikishi Profile: Tōhakuryū Masahito". Japan Sumo Association. Retrieved 1 August 2026.
- ↑ "台日混血相撲力士東白龍關取昇進祝賀會 駐日代表謝長廷與僑界出席祝賀 - 台湾新聞" (in Traditional Chinese). Taiwannews.jp. May 5, 2024. Retrieved 25 April 2025.
- ↑ "Rikishi Profile: Tsuyukusa Kazuki". Japan Sumo Association. Retrieved 1 August 2026.
- ↑ "ポーランド出身の父持つ露草、角界入りは「日本の男にロマン感じた」" (in Japanese). Sanspo. September 2, 2016. Retrieved 14 October 2016.
- ↑ "Wakatōshō Toshio Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 1 August 2026.
- ↑ "Toshio Wakatōshō" (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 2012-05-25.
- ↑ "Rikishi Profile: Yonezawaryū Daiki". Japan Sumo Association. Retrieved 1 August 2026.
- ↑ 2025 Japanese Grand SUMO Wrestler Directory.
- 1 2 3 Gunning, John (24 October 2018). "Sumo boasts rich history of multiculturalism". Japan Times. Retrieved 21 November 2019.
- ↑ Furelaud, Gilles (February 2004). "Hoshitango: intai and danpatsu-shiki in 11 days". Le Monde Du Sumo. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
- ↑ "横綱が目標…ボリビア生まれ・煌「日本と母国、つなぎたい」" (in Japanese). Sankei Shinbun. 6 June 2020. Retrieved 29 July 2026.
- ↑ "【大相撲】飯間ルーカス一夫、名経大から初の角界へ 安治川親方と出会い、ラグビーから転向" (in Japanese). 中日スポーツ. 17 December 2022. Retrieved 2026-07-29.
- ↑ "Azumao Yasuhito Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 29 July 2026.
- ↑ "Kaishin Kikuzō Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 29 July 2026.
- ↑ "Kuniazuma Hajime Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 29 July 2026.
- ↑ "Ryūkō Gō Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 29 July 2026.
- ↑ "Takaazuma Katsushige Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 29 July 2026.
- ↑ "Tatsunishiki Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 29 July 2026.
- ↑ "Wakaazuma Yoshinobu Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 29 July 2026.
- ↑ "Aoiyama Kōsuke Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 29 July 2026.
- ↑ "Kotoōshū Katsunori Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 29 July 2026.
- ↑ "カツァロフが新弟子検査「緊張はなかった」" (in Japanese). 日刊スポーツ. Retrieved 29 July 2026.
- 1 2 Armstrong, Jim (July 10, 2015). "Canadian sumo wrestler Brodik Henderson going pro in Japan". Toronto Sun. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
- ↑ "Chiyohakuryū Kōto Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 29 July 2026.
- ↑ "Rikishi Profile: Daiseizan Daisuke". Japan Sumo Association. Retrieved 29 July 2026.
- ↑ "Kaiho I Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 29 July 2026.
- ↑ "Kanōyama Sunyo Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 29 July 2026.
- ↑ "Kiyonohana Ōyo Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 29 July 2026.
- ↑ "日大出身・石岡弥輝也ら3人は体格基準をパス「これからという感じ」 秋場所新弟子検査" (in Japanese). Sponichi Annex. 24 August 2022. Retrieved 29 July 2026.
- ↑ "Kōsei Kō Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 29 July 2026.
- ↑ "Kotoō Shuton Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 29 July 2026.
- ↑ "Manazuru Hisashi Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 29 July 2026.
- ↑ "Nakanokuni Shō Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 29 July 2026.
- ↑ "Ryūtei Weifu Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 29 July 2026.
- ↑ "Sōkokurai Eikichi Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 29 July 2026.
- ↑ "Takaō Yu Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 29 July 2026.
- ↑ "Wakashōji Ano Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 29 July 2026.
- ↑ Robinson, Eugene (July 19, 2014). "It's Not The Size Of This Sumo Wrestler That's Stunning". NPR. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
- ↑ "Egyptian sumo wrestler storms his way into ancient sport". Yahoo News. July 31, 2014. Retrieved 20 September 2016.
- ↑ "Baruto Kaito Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 29 July 2026.
- ↑ "Kitaōji Oto Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 29 July 2026.
- ↑ "Gagamaru Masaru Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 29 July 2026.
- ↑ "Kokkai Futoshi Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 29 July 2026.
- ↑ "Tochinoshin Tsuyoshi Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 29 July 2026.
- ↑ "Tsukasaumi Jōji Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 29 July 2026.
- ↑ Gunning, John. "Veteran Masutoo still seeking promotion to top division". Japan Times. 15 November 2019. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
- ↑ "Kotoanbai Ken Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 29 July 2026.
- ↑ Furelaud, Gilles (February 2004). "Kazafuzan, the tiger from Kazakhstan". Le Monde Du Sumo. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
- ↑ "Rikishi Profile: Kinbōzan Haruki". Japan Sumo Association. Retrieved 29 July 2026.
- ↑ "Rikidōzan Mitsuhiro Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 29 July 2026.
- ↑ "Harimayama Hanatarō Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 29 July 2026.
- ↑ "Kaihakuzan Yungi Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 29 July 2026.
- ↑ "Kasugaō Katsumasa Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 31 July 2026.
- ↑ "Kinryūzan Jongun Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 31 July 2026.
- ↑ "Kōraiyama Yoshisuke Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 31 July 2026.
- ↑ "Kotoyanagi Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 31 July 2026.
- ↑ "Kunimiyama Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 31 July 2026.
- ↑ "Kuninofuji Kiifun Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 31 July 2026.
- ↑ "Kyōryū Yoshitsuru Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 31 July 2026.
- ↑ "Nankaiyama Shigehide Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 31 July 2026.
- ↑ "Nanzan Shukō Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 31 July 2026.
- ↑ "Soranoumi Ichiriki Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 31 July 2026.
- ↑ "Watenkō Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 31 July 2026.
- ↑ "Yamada Narihide Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 31 July 2026.
- ↑ "Aratōshi Mitsuo Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 31 July 2026.
- ↑ "Arauma Tōru Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 31 July 2026.
- ↑ "Rikishi Profile: Arawashi Tsuyoshi". Japan Sumo Association. Retrieved 31 July 2026.
- ↑ Gunning, John. "Hakuho may be on path to becoming great stablemaster if latest recruit pans out". Japan Times. 26 August 2020. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
- ↑ "Mongolian wrestler Terunofuji becomes sumo's 73rd yokozuna". The Japan Times. 2021-07-21. Retrieved 2021-07-23.
- ↑ Pastor, Pam (27 July 2017). "'Sinigang' gets this sumo wrestler going". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 Gunning, John (12 March 2020). "Roho's career defined by unsavory incidents". Japan Times. Retrieved 12 March 2020.
- ↑ "Izuminishiki". Sumo Database. Retrieved 25 September 2025.
- ↑ "臺灣新民報第2967號 - 本島人青年相撲臺北卓詒約". Taiwan New Minpao. 1939-05-06. Retrieved 25 September 2025.
- ↑ Nishimoto, Hideshi (18 September 2017). "Sumo ring in Taiwan replaces dohyo pushed out after war". Asahi Shimbun. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
- 1 2 Hirada, Hiroshi (25 September 2015). "Former Tongan sumo wrestler still sports the Asahiyama stable sign". Japan Times. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
- ↑ "Aonishiki". Japan Sumo Association.
- ↑ "Shishi". Japan Sumo Association.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 John Gunning (15 May 2019). "Sumo 101:Americans in sumo". Japan Times. Retrieved 20 August 2019.
- ↑ Gunning, John (16 December 2020). "American rikishi recalls extremely wild times in sumo world". Japan Times. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
- ↑ "Nanyonishiki Jiro Rikishi Information".
- ↑ Wehrfritz, George (20 June 1999). "The Gaijins' Woeful Tale". Newsweek. Retrieved 11 September 2018.