List of former European colonies
This is a list of former European colonies.
North America
Denmark
France
Great Britain and England
- British America (New Britain)
- Canada
- "Thirteen Colonies" (The United States of America)
- Other North American colonies
- Province of East Florida
- Province of West Florida
- British Honduras
- Bay Islands
Iceland
Netherlands
- New Netherland (Nieuw-Amsterdam / New York)
Norway
Russia
Scotland
Spain and Castile
Sweden
Caribbean
Brandenburg
Courland
Denmark–Norway
France
Knights of Malta
- Saint Barthélemy
- Saint Martin
- Saint Christopher (St Kitts)
- Saint Croix
- Tortuga (off coast of Haiti)
Netherlands
Spain and Castile
Sweden
Sweden–Norway
- Cooper Island
- Saint-Barthélemy (1814–1878)
United Kingdom
South America
Augsburg/Nuremberg
France
- Brazil (Rio de Janeiro briefly, and São Luís briefly)
(see France Antarctique and France Équinoxiale)
- Iles Malouines (Falkland Islands)
Netherlands
- Berbice (Guyana)
- Demerara
- Dutch colonisation of the Guianas, overview
- Surinam (Suriname)
- Essequibo
- New Holland (Brazil – Half the captaincies)
Portugal
Spain and Castile
- Kingdom of Tierra Firme
- Governorate of New Andalusia
- Governorate of Castilla de Oro
- Governorate of New Castile
- Governorate of New Toledo
- Governorate of New León
- Governorate of New Andalusia
United Kingdom
Africa
Belgium
Brandenburg
- Arguin (in Mauritania)
- Brandenburger Gold Coast (coastal settlements in Ghana)
Courland
Denmark-Norway
- Danish Gold Coast (coastal settlements in Ghana)
France
- Albreda (in The Gambia)
- Comoros
- French Dahomey (Benin)
- French Algeria
- French Cameroon (91% of modern Cameroon)
- French Chad
- French Congo (Republic of the Congo)
- French Guinea (Guinea)
- French Upper Volta (Republic of Upper Volta, Burkina Faso)
- French Somaliland (Djibouti)
- French Sudan (Mali)
- French Togoland (Togo)
- French Madagascar
- Gabon
- Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)
- Colonial Mauritania
- French protectorate in Morocco (89% of Morocco)
- Oubangui-Chari (Central African Republic)
- Senegal
- Senegambia and Niger
- French protectorate of Tunisia
Germany
- German East Africa (Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania)
- German South-West Africa (Namibia)
- Kamerun (split between Cameroon and Nigeria)
- Togoland (split between Togo and Ghana)
- Wituland (Lamu Island, owned by Kenya)
Hospitaller Malta
Italy
Netherlands
- Arguin Island (in Mauritania)
- Dutch Cape Colony
- Dutch Gold Coast (settlements along coast of Ghana, including El Mina)
- Dutch Loango-Angola (Luanda, Sonyo and Cabinda)
- Gorée (Senegal)
- Moçambique (Delagoa Bay)
- São Tomé
- South Africa
- Mauritius
Portugal
- Ajuda (Whydah, in Benin)
- Portuguese Angola
- Annobón
- Cabinda
- Cape Verde (Cabo Verde)
- Ceuta
- Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá
- Gorée (in Senegal)
- Malindi
- Mombasa
- Algarve Ultramar (Morocco)
- Nigeria (Lagos area)
- Mozambique
- Portuguese Gold Coast (settlements along coast of Ghana)
- Portuguese Guinea (Guinea-Bissau)
- Quíloa
- São Tomé and Príncipe
- Tangier
- Zanzibar
- Ziguinchor
Spain
Sweden
- Swedish Gold Coast (coastal settlements in Ghana)
United Kingdom
- Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (Sudan)
- Basutoland (Lesotho)
- Balleland (Benin)
- Bechuanaland (Botswana)
- British East Africa (Kenya)
- British Somaliland (Somaliland)
- British Togoland (eastern Ghana)
- British Cameroon (split between Nigeria and Cameroon)
- British Mauritius
- British Egypt
- Gambia Colony and Protectorate
- Gold Coast (Ghana)
- Colonial Nigeria
- Northern Rhodesia (Zambia)
- Nyasaland (Malawi)
- Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate
- Union of South Africa
- South West Africa (Namibia)
- Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe)
- Swaziland (Eswatini)
- Tanganyika Territory (mainland Tanzania)
- Uganda Protectorate
- Sultanate of Zanzibar (insular Tanzania)
West Asia
France
Netherlands
- Jemen, Al Mukha (Mocca)
- Mesopotamia (Iraq, Al Basrah)
Portugal
United Kingdom
South Asia
Indian Ocean Area
Austria
France
Netherlands
- Dutch Mauritius (now Mauritius)
Portugal
United Kingdom
Mainland
Denmark-Norway
- Frederik Oerne Islands (Nicobar Islands)
- Serampore
- Tranquebar
France
Netherlands
Portugal
Sweden
United Kingdom
Asia-Pacific
Austria
France
Germany
Netherlands
- Dutch East Indies (Indonesia)
- Dutch New Guinea (Western Part of Papua, Indonesia)
- Malacca
- Dutch Formosa
Portugal
Spain
United Kingdom
- British Burma
- Australia
- British Solomon Islands
- Christmas Island
- Cocos Islands
- Colonial Fiji
- Gilbert and Ellice Islands (Kiribati & Tuvalu)
- Kingdom of Rarotonga (Cook Islands)
- New Zealand
- Niue
- Norfolk Island
- Territory of Papua and New Guinea
- Territory of New Guinea
- Western Samoa
- Phoenix Islands (part of Kiribati)
- Solomon Islands
- Territory of Papua
- Tokelau
- Tonga
- Southeast Asia
- Brunei
- Singapore
- China
Central Asia
Russia
- Kazakhstan (formerly the Kazakh SSR)
- Kyrgyzstan (formerly the Kirgiz SSR / Kirghizia)
- Tajikistan (formerly the Tadzhik SSR)
- Turkmenistan (formerly the Turkmen SSR / Turkmenia)
- Uzbekistan (formerly the Uzbek SSR)
Europe
Denmark
Italy
Spain
Norway
United Kingdom
- Cyprus
- Ionian islands (now part of Greece)
- Ireland
- Malta
- Menorca (now part of Spain)
- Heligoland (now part of Germany)
See also
- Austrian colonial policy
- Belgian colonial empire
- British colonial empire
- Danish colonial empire
- Dutch colonial empire
- French colonial empire
- German colonial empire
- List of former German colonies
- Italian colonial empire
- Portuguese colonial empire
- Evolution of the Portuguese Empire
- Russian colonial empire
- Spanish colonial empire
- Swedish colonial empire
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Stangl, Werner; Stangl, Paul; Espín Sánchez, José Antonio (17 April 2026). "HGIS de las Indias". HGIS de las Indias. Retrieved 17 April 2026.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Stangl, Werner; Stangl, Paul; Espín Sánchez, José Antonio (17 April 2026). "HGIS de las Indias". HGIS de las Indias. Retrieved 17 April 2026.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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