List of Formica species

This is a list of the extant and extinct (†) species in the genus Formica which includes wood ants, mound ants, and field ants.[1][2][3][4] As of 2026, Formica contains 221 valid species, split between 181 extant and 40 extinct.[5]

Extant

†Formica annosa holotype male
Formica dirksi worker
†Formica cockerelli paratype male

Extinct

  • †Formica alsatica Theobald, 1937
  • †Formica annosa LaPolla & Greenwalt, 2015
  • †Formica arcana Scudder, 1877
  • †Formica auxillacensis Piton, 1935
  • †Formica bauckhorni Meunier, 1915
  • †Formica biamoensis Dlussky et al., 2015
  • †Formica buphthalma Novak, 1878
  • †Formica cantalica Piton, 1935
  • †Formica ceps Zhang, 1989
  • †Formica cockerelli Carpenter, 1930
  • †Formica eoptera Cockerell, 1923
  • †Formica flavifemoralis Zhang et al., 1994
  • †Formica flori Mayr, 1868
  • †Formica grandis Carpenter, 1930
  • †Formica gustawi Dlussky, 2002
  • †Formica heteroptera Cockerell, 1920
  • †Formica horrida Wheeler, 1915
  • †Formica kutscheri Dlussky, 2008
  • †Formica latinodosa Theobald, 1937
  • †Formica linquensis Zhang, 1989
  • †Formica maculipennis Theobald, 1935
  • †Formica martynovi Popov, 1933
  • †Formica obscura Heer, 1849
  • †Formica ovala Zhang, 1989
  • †Formica palaeopolonica Dlussky, 2008
  • †Formica paleosibirica Dlussky et al., 2015
  • †Formica parexsecta Dlussky & Putyatina, 2014
  • †Formica phaethusa Wheeler, 1915
  • †Formica pitoni Theobald, 1935
  • †Formica radchenkoi Dlussky, 2008
  • †Formica ribbeckei Radchenko & Perkovsky, 2021
  • †Formica robusta Carpenter, 1930
  • †Formica sepulta Theobald, 1937
  • †Formica serresi Theobald, 1937
  • †Formica seuberti Heer, 1849
  • †Formica strangulata Wheeler, 1915
  • †Formica surinamensis Berendt, 1830
  • †Formica tripartita Theobald, 1937
  • †Formica ungeri Heer, 1849
  • †Formica zherikhini Dlussky, 2008

Unidentifiable

A number of species tentatively placed within the genus have subsequently been determined as unidentifiable to the species level due to various reasons like loss of or extensive damage to the type specimen, a description deemed too vague to identify to the species level, or often both simultaneously, although they technically remain valid binomen.[5]

  • Formica abdominalis Latreille, 1802
  • Formica aegyptiaca Fabricius, 1775
  • Formica amyoti Le Guillou, 1842
  • Formica aequalis Walker, 1871
  • Formica affinis Leach, 1825
  • Formica albipennis Fabricius, 1793
  • Formica arenicola Buckley, 1866
  • Formica atra Schilling, 1839
  • Formica bicolor Leach, 1825
  • Formica chufejif Forskal, 1775
  • Formica conica Fabricius, 1798
  • Formica connecticutensis Buckley, 1866
  • †Formica demersa Heer, 1849
  • Formica didyma Fabricius, 1782
  • Formica dislocata Say, 1836
  • Formica elevata Fabricius, 1782
  • Formica elongata Fabricius, 1787
  • Formica fatale Christ, 1791
  • Formica foetens Olivier, 1792
  • †Formica fragilis Heer, 1867
  • Formica fuscescens Gmelin, 1790
  • Formica fuscicauda Motschoulsky, 1863
  • †Formica gibbosa Presl, 1822
  • Formica glabra Gmelin, 1790
  • Formica glauca Ruzsky, 1896
  • †Formica globiventris Heer, 1849
  • †Formica gravida Heer, 1849
  • Formica hirta Gravenhorst, 1807
  • †Formica immersa Heer, 1849
  • Formica incisa Smith, 1858
  • Formica inequalis Lowne, 1865
  • Formica insultans Forskal, 1775
  • †Formica lavateri Heer, 1849
  • Formica lincecumii Buckley, 1866
  • †Formica longicollis Heer, 1849
  • †Formica lucida Giebel, 1856
  • Formica lutea Dumeril, 1860
  • †Formica luteola Presl, 1822
  • †Formica macrognatha Presl, 1822
  • †Formica macrophthalma Heer, 1849
  • Formica maculata Geoffroy, 1785
  • Formica malabarica Schrank, 1837
  • Formica maligna Forskal, 1775
  • Formica maxillosa Fabricius, 1775
  • Formica melanophthalma Reich, 1793
  • Formica melanopis Gmelin, 1790
  • Formica minuta Lowne, 1865
  • Formica molestans Latreille, 1802
  • Formica nana Latreille, 1802
  • †Formica nigra Presl, 1822
  • Formica nitida Razoumowsky, 1789
  • Formica nortonii Buckley, 1866
  • Formica novaeanglae Buckley, 1866
  • Formica obsoleta Linnaeus, 1758
  • †Formica obtecta Heer, 1849
  • †Formica obvoluta Heer, 1849
  • Formica occidentalis Buckley, 1866
  • †Formica oculata Heer, 1849
  • Formica omnivora Linnaeus, 1758
  • †Formica orbata Heer, 1849
  • Formica ovata Reich, 1793
  • Formica pallidelutea Latreille, 1802
  • Formica pallipes Latreille, 1787
  • †Formica parvula Presl, 1822
  • Formica phyllophila Jerdon, 1851
  • Formica picipes Reich, 1793
  • Formica politurata Buckley, 1866
  • †Formica primitiva Heer, 1849
  • †Formica primordialis Heer, 1849
  • †Formica procera Heer, 1849
  • †Formica pulchella Heer, 1850
  • †Formica quadrata Holl, 1829
  • Formica quadrinotata Losana, 1834
  • Formica rediana Leach, 1825
  • Formica rostrata Fabricius, 1787
  • Formica rubescens Leach, 1825
  • Formica ruficeps Motschoulsky, 1863
  • Formica ruficornis Gmelin, 1790
  • Formica rupestris Leach, 1825
  • Formica saccharivora Linnaeus, 1758
  • Formica saxicola Buckley, 1866
  • Formica schardj Forskal, 1775
  • Formica siamicarubra Christ, 1791
  • Formica subpicea Motschoulsky, 1863
  • Formica subspinosa Buckley, 1866
  • Formica tenuissima Buckley, 1866
  • Formica testacea Gmelin, 1790
  • Formica testaceipes Leach, 1825
  • Formica thoracica Olivier, 1792
  • Formica tomentosa Reich, 1793
  • Formica triangularis Say, 1836
  • †Formica trigona Presl, 1822
  • Formica vagans Fabricius, 1793
  • Formica venosa Gmelin, 1790
  • Formica virginiana Buckley, 1866

Unavailable

One species, Formica fuliginothorax, is unavailable due to the type description not designating any type specimens.[5]

  • Formica fuliginothorax Blacker, 1992

References

  1. ↑ "Formica Genus Information". BugGuide.net. Archived from the original on 2018-02-28. Retrieved 2018-02-27.
  2. ↑ "Formica Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Archived from the original on 2018-02-28. Retrieved 2018-02-27.
  3. ↑ "Formica Overview". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 2018-02-27.
  4. ↑ "Browse Formica". Catalogue of Life. Archived from the original on 2019-11-15. Retrieved 2018-02-27.
  5. 1 2 3 Bolton, B. (2026). "Formica". AntCat. Retrieved 2 April 2026.
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