Kingella denitrificans
| Kingella denitrificans | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Kingdom: | Pseudomonadati |
| Phylum: | Pseudomonadota |
| Class: | Betaproteobacteria |
| Order: | Neisseriales |
| Family: | Neisseriaceae |
| Genus: | Kingella |
| Species: | K. denitrificans |
| Binomial name | |
| Kingella denitrificans (Snell & Lapage, 1976) | |
Kingella denitrificans is a species of Gram-negative bacteria in the genus Kingella, belonging to the family Neisseriaceae. K. denitrificans is an inhabitant of the human oropharynx[1] and an infrequent cause of bacterial infections in humans.
Description
K. denitrificans is able to grow at 30 °C and 37 °C. On blood agar, colonies are small, transluscent, and non-hemolytic colonies, and some colonies may pit the agar.[2]
K. denitrificans is oxidase positive and catalase negative. This species is able reduce nitrate and nitrite, and produce gas from nitrite. K. denitrificans is negative for β-galactosidase production and citrate utilization.[2]
Similarities to pathogenic Neisseria
Kingella denitrificans may be confused with Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Neisseria meningitidis because it shares several preliminary laboratory characteristics, including growth on selective Neisseria media and an oxidase-positive reaction.[3][4] These biochemical similarities include:
- Growth on MTM agar[4]
- Oxidase-positive
- Coccobacillary morphology on Gram stain that may resemble Gram-negative cocci
- Carbohydrate utilization pattern of glucose-positive, maltose-negative, and sucrose-negative, which resembles N. gonorrhoeae in CTA sugar testing.[5]
- Cross reactivity with N. gonorrhoeae in some serological tests.[6]
K. denitrificans can be differentiated from pathogenic Neisseria through its negative catalase and superoxol reactions.[4]
Clinical significance
Kingella denitrificans is rarely reported as a cause of human disease compared with Kingella kingae. Published infections include peritonitis,[7] prosthetic endocarditis,[8] and granulomatous disease in an immunocompromised patient.[9]
References
- ↑ Hollis, D. G.; Wiggins, G. L.; Weaver, R. E. (1972). "An unclassified gram-negative rod isolated from the pharynx on Thayer-Martin medium (selective agar)". Applied Microbiology. 24 (5): 772–777. doi:10.1128/am.24.5.772-777.1972. ISSN 0003-6919. PMC 380662. PMID 4565636.
- 1 2 Snell, J. J. S.; Lapage, S. P. (1976-10-01). "Transfer of Some Saccharolytic Moraxella Species to Kingella Henriksen and Bovre 1976, with Descriptions of Kingella indologenes sp. nov. and Kingella denitrificans sp. nov". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 26 (4): 451–158. doi:10.1099/00207713-26-4-451. ISSN 0020-7713.
- ↑ Kopyt, Nelson; Kumar, Anshul; Agrawal, Vibha (2015). "A case of suppurative peritonitis by a commensal oral organism, Kingella denitrificans, in an adult peritoneal dialysis patient". Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis. 35 (1): 105–107. doi:10.3747/pdi.2013.00248. ISSN 1718-4304. PMC 4335939. PMID 25700466.
- 1 2 3 Knapp, J. S. (1988). "Historical perspectives and identification of Neisseria and related species". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 1 (4): 415–431. doi:10.1128/CMR.1.4.415. ISSN 0893-8512. PMC 358063. PMID 3069201.
- ↑ Hollis, D. G.; Weaver, R. E.; Riley, P. S. (1983). "Emended description of Kingella denitrificans (Snell and Lapage 1976): correction of the maltose reaction". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 18 (5): 1174–1176. doi:10.1128/jcm.18.5.1174-1176.1983. ISSN 0095-1137. PMC 272862. PMID 6643668.
- ↑ Knapp, J. S. (1988). "Historical perspectives and identification of Neisseria and related species". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 1 (4): 415–431. doi:10.1128/CMR.1.4.415. ISSN 0893-8512. PMC 358063. PMID 3069201.
- ↑ Kocyigit, I.; Öztürk, F.; Kargi, S.; Uzun, I.; Unal, A.; Tokgoz, B. (2014). "Peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis due to Kingella denitrificans: the first case report". Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis. 34 (7): 819–820. doi:10.3747/pdi.2013.00149. ISSN 1718-4304. PMC 4269517. PMID 25520495.
- ↑ Khan, Jemshed A.; Sharp, Stanley; Mann, Kenneth R.; Brewer, Joseph (1986-03-01). "Case Report: Kingella denitrificans Prosthetic Endocarditis". The American Journal of the Medical Sciences. 291 (3): 187–189. doi:10.1097/00000441-198603000-00009. ISSN 0002-9629. PMID 3953636.
- ↑ Minamoto, G. Y.; Sordillo, E. M. (1992-12-01). "Kingella denitrificans as a Cause of Granulomatous Disease in a Patient with AIDS". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 15 (6): 1052–1053. doi:10.1093/clind/15.6.1052. ISSN 1058-4838. PMID 1457643.