Kerserdar
In the Ottoman Empire, Kerserdar (Turkish: kırserdar),[a] referred to rural chief policemen,[1] chiefs of village field sentinel,[2] or private security forces that protected villages from robbery,[3] in the 19th century. In 19th-century Wallachia, they were among those employed by the boyars, with a fixed salary.[4] In Anatolia, they were employed to protect fairs.[5] In the Balkans, they were commanders of bands of mercenaries that were employed to protect villages.[6] In the Balkans, they were noted to have been "brigands wearing the title of gendarmerie" due to their crimes against Christians.[7]
Some employed Turk and Albanian kerserdars notoriously oppressed Christian villages, as the irregular bashi-bazouks commonly did.[8] In the aftermath of the Great Eastern Crisis (1878) and oppression endured by Balkan Orthodox Christians, the Christian villages were protected by Christian krserdar (in Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian; крсердар) that pursured "Turk" and "Arnaut" bandits (harami) and other bad people.[9] An example of such a protector was Micko Krstić (1855–1909) during the Brsjak rebellion.[9]
See also
Annotations
References
- ↑ Çalişkan & Sönmez 2020, p. 92, Grannes 1996, p. 147
- ↑ Pashova 2001, p. 320.
- ↑ Arıkan 2020, p. 104.
- ↑ Hurmuzachi 1897, p. 539.
- ↑ Çalişkan & Sönmez 2020, p. 92.
- ↑ Miladinov & Miladinov 1965, p. 255.
- ↑ Allgemeine Zeitung München: 1853, 12. Allg. Zeitung. 1853. p. 5515.
Kirserdars , Räuber einer andern Art , bekleidet mit dem Titel Gendarmen
- ↑ Traĭkov 1993, p. 55, 151, 376.
- 1 2 Apostolski 1976, p. 60.
- ↑ Şahhüseyinoğlu 1996, p. 61.
Sources
- Apostolski, Risto (1976). Порече, Поречани и Мицко Војвода: фрагментарен осврт на Комитско-револуционерното движење во Македонија во XIX и почетокот на XX век. Opštestvena interesna zaednica pri Opštinskoto sobranie. p. 60.
- Arıkan, Fatma Melek (2020-12-03). Modernization in the Late Ottoman Era: "Periphery" in the Heartlands. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-000-28745-5.
- Çalişkan, Vedat; Sönmez, Ali (2020-01-13). "Anatolian fairs". Ottoman War and Peace: Studies in Honor of Virginia H. Aksan. BRILL. p. 92. ISBN 978-90-04-41314-6.
- Grannes, Alf (1996). Turco-Bulgarica: Articles in English and French Concerning Turkish Influence on Bulgarian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 147. ISBN 978-3-447-03819-5.
- Hurmuzachi, Eudoxiu (1897). Documente privitóre la istoria românilor. Romanian Academy.
- Miladinov, Dimitŭr; Miladinov, Konstantin (1965). Izabrana dela. Narodna knjiga. p. 255.
- Pashova, Galina (2001). Rechnik na chuzhdite dumi v bŭlgarskii︠a︡ ezik. Khermes.
- Şahhüseyinoğlu, H. Nedim (1996). Balıyan: Anadolu kültür mozaiğinden bir kesit. Ürün Yayınları. p. 61. ISBN 978-975-7145-15-8.
- Traĭkov, Veselin Nikolov (1993). Британски дипломатически документи по българския национален въпрос: (1878-1893). Makedonski nauch. in-t. ISBN 978-954-8187-06-0.