Princess Juliane of Hesse-Philippsthal
| Landgravine Juliane of Hesse-Philippsthal | |
|---|---|
 Portrait of Juliane c. 1780 | |
| Born | 8 June 1761 Zutphen |
| Died | 9 November 1799 (aged 38) Bückeburg |
| Spouse | |
| Issue | George William, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe |
| House | Hesse |
| Father | William, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal |
| Mother | Ulrike Eleonore of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld |
Juliane of Hesse-Philippsthal (8 June 1761 – 9 November 1799), was a Countess of Schaumburg-Lippe, married in 1780 to Count Philip II, Count of Schaumburg-Lippe. She served as the regent of Schaumburg-Lippe during the minority of her son from 1787 to 1799.
Life
Juliane was the daughter of Landgrave William of Hesse-Philippsthal (1726–1810) and his wife Ulrike Eleonore, Landgravine of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld (1732–1795). She spent some of her youth in 's-Hertogenbosch, where her father served as a Dutch general. She received a German education.[1][2]
On 10 October 1780 she married in Philippsthal to Count Philip Ernest of Schaumburg-Lippe.[2] Philipp Ernst, who was 57 years old at the time and already a widower, died after only seven years of marriage. Countess Juliane took up government, together with Count Johann Ludwig, Reichsgraf von Wallmoden-Gimborn as regent for her minor son George William.[1]
Immediately afterwards, Landgrave William of Hesse-Kassel occupied Schaumburg-Lippe militarily, arguing it was a fief of Hesse, and vacant after Philip II's death. With support from Hanover, Prussia and the Imperial Council, Juliane managed to achieve a rapid withdrawal of the Hessian troops.[1]
The Government of Juliane is considered extremely beneficial.[2] She conducted thorough reforms of the economy and education, downsized the court, continued the tolerant policy towards the Jews her father-in-law had introduced and managed to cut taxes. She appointed Bernhard Christoph Faust as her personal physician, and helped him significantly with the introduction of the smallpox inoculation.[2]
Countess Juliane initiated a redesign of Hagenburg castle and she is considered the founder of the spa Bad Eilsen.
Issue
Philip and Juliane had four children.[1]
- Countess Eleonore Luise (1781–1783)
- Countess Wilhelmine Charlotte (1783–1858)
- Count Georg Wilhelm (1784–1860), later (first) Prince Sovereign of Schaumburg-Lippe
- Countess Karoline Luise (1786–1846)
Death
She died on 9 November 1799 after a severe cold and was buried in a mausoleum in the Schaumburg Forest.[1] Count von Wallmoden-Gimborn continued to act as a regent for her son.
Ancestors
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References
- 1 2 3 4 5 Historische Commission bei der königl. Akademie der Wissenschaften (1910), "Juliane Wilhelmine Luise, Gräfin zu Schaumburg-Lippe", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, Bd. 55, Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (1. ed.), München/Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, p. 810, retrieved 2026-04-16
- 1 2 3 4 Biographie, Deutsche. "Juliane - Deutsche Biographie". www.deutsche-biographie.de (in German). Retrieved 2026-04-16.
- ↑ Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 62.