Juan Garland

Juan Garland
Born
John Garland

c. 1724 (1724)
Ireland
DiedDecember 1775 (aged 50–51)
Caribbean Sea
Other nameJuan Garland y White
Known forlargest public works made in Colonial Chile

Juan Garland, born as John Garland,[1] also referred to Juan Garland y White, (Ireland - † Schooner Marina, Caribbean Sea, December 1775) was an Irish military engineer who served the Spanish Empire, and who directed many of the largest public works made in Colonial Chile and served as Governor of Valdivia.[2]

Life

Private plan of Mansera Island, 1765 by Garland

John Garland was born in Ireland, possibly Dublin, around 1724. His parents were Richard and Isabel Garland (nee White). He emigrated to Spain where he joined the Irish infantry "Hibernia" in June 1738.[2] In 1740, he was with the Edinburgh dragons, entering the Corps of Engineers in 1751,[3] working on royal roads and fortifications in Pamplona. He fought during the Austrian War of Succession in 1746.[2]

He was appointed a knight of the Order of Santiago[4] in 1762.[2] He was one of four founding members of the Royal Mathematical Society in Madrid in 1756.[5] In Chile, he served as second engineer,[3] travelling to there in 1763-1764[2] aboard La Venus[6] with Ambrosio and Bernardo O'Higgins serving as his assistant draftsman. In 1728, he was appointed Governor of Valdivia, serving until March 1773.[4]

He is credited with playing an important role in the creation of a culture of engineering and construction in Chile, as one of the first professional engineers to work in the country.[7]

Garland received permission to return to Spain in 1772, but died[8] aboard the Marina in the Caribbean Sea in December 1775 of typhus. In 1764, he had been granted permission to marry a local woman from Santiago, but he remained unmarried. Before he died,[6] he named Ambrosio O'Higgins as his executor.[2]

Notable works

Puente de Calicanto in 1836

Legacy

  • In Valdivia, La plaza Juan Garland, locally known as Plaza de los Jubilados, is named for Garland.[14][15]
  • In Niebla, there is a street named after Garland.[16]

References

  1. ↑ Guerrero, Pedro Pablo (21 December 2008). "Libro póstumo Herman Schwember: Ambrosio O'Higgins, el padrastro de la patria". El Mercurio (in Spanish).
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Proyectos, HI Iberia Ingeniería y. "Real Academia de la Historia | Historia Hispánica". historia-hispanica.rah.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 18 April 2026.
  3. 1 2 Blanco, Mónica; Puig-Pla, Carles (2020). "The Role of Mathematics in Spanish Military Education in the 1750's: Two Transient Cases". Philosophia Scientiae. 24–1: 97–113. doi:10.4000/philosophiascientiae.2185. hdl:2117/178194. ISSN 1281-2463.
  4. 1 2 "Boletín de la Academia Chilena de la Historia". Santiago de Chile. 88: 159. 1974.
  5. ↑ Capel Sáez, Horacio; Sánchez, Joan E.; Moncada, Omar (1988). De Palas a Minerva: la formación científica y la estructura institucional de los ingenieros militares en el siglo XVIII. Libros del buen andar (in Spanish). Barcelona: Serbal [u.a.] p. 180. ISBN 978-84-00-06829-5.
  6. 1 2 Pizarro, Ariel Peralta (1996). Don Ambrosio O'Higgins (in Spanish). Universidad de Concepción.
  7. ↑ Olguín, Fabián Bustamante (19 October 2024). "Relations Between Chile and Ireland: A Story of Four Moments". ABEI Journal. 26 (2): 75–95. doi:10.11606/r1vr8c94. ISSN 2595-8127.
  8. ↑ "THE ROAD OF LOS ANDES MAIL COTTAGES". www.chilecollector.com. Retrieved 18 April 2026.
  9. ↑ Guarda, Gabriel. Historia urbana del Reino de Chile. p. 397.
  10. ↑ Rodríguez Medina, Juan Ignacio (15 February 2009). "Las opiniones de 10 entendidos Chaitén: el desafío de trasplantar las raíces". El Mercurio (in Spanish).
  11. ↑ Joaquín Toesca, memoriachilena.cl
  12. ↑ Guillermo Lagos Carmona. Los títulos históricos; Historia de las fronteras de Chile. Andres Bello, 1985, p. 342.
  13. ↑ "Historia del Puente Cal y Canto". Icarito (in Spanish). 1 December 2009. Retrieved 18 April 2026.
  14. ↑ "Way: Plaza Juan Garland (129753173)". OpenStreetMap. 27 March 2026. Retrieved 18 April 2026.
  15. ↑ "Plaza de «Los Jubilados» | Huella Isla Teja" (in Spanish). Retrieved 18 April 2026.
  16. ↑ "Way: Pasaje Juan Garland (655689386)". OpenStreetMap. 3 November 2023. Retrieved 18 April 2026.
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