Jonathan M. Scholey

Jonathan M. Scholey (born 1955 in Yorkshire, England) is a cell biologist and distinguished professor emeritus from the department of molecular and cellular biology at the University of California, Davis.[1] He worked on the cell biology of motor proteins and the mechanisms of mitosis and ciliogenesis.

Education and career

He earned a B.Sc. in Cell and Molecular Biology with first-class honors from King's College London, Biophysics Department / MRC Cell Biophysics Unit in 1977, where his personal tutors were the muscle biophysicist, Dr Gerald Offer and the evolutionary cell biologist, Dr Tom Cavalier-Smith [2][3]. He then pursued doctoral studies at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Trinity College, Cambridge, completing a Ph.D. in Molecular Biology in 1981 under the supervision of the biochemist, Dr Jake Kendrick-Jones.[2][3] His doctoral research focused on the regulation of myosin-2 motors, which function in muscle contraction and cytokinesis, by calcium ions and light chain phosphorylation.[4][5]

From 1982 to 1986, Scholey held a traveling postdoctoral fellowship from the Medical Research Council, and a basic science exchange fellowship from the British Heart Foundation and American Heart Association, to support his work in the laboratory of the cell biologist, Dr J. Richard McIntosh in the Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology at the University of Colorado, Boulder.[2][3] In the McIntosh lab, he worked on mitotic motor proteins[6], notably kinesins and dyneins, and together with his coworkers, found that kinesin motors localize to mitotic spindles.[7][8]

In 1986 Scholey was appointed a staff scientist on the faculty of the Division of Molecular and Cell Biology at the National Jewish Hospital and Research Center in Denver, where, as a Basil O'Connor Starter Scholar, he first established his independent research group.[3][9] In 1989 he moved his group to the University of California, Davis, joining the Departments of Zoology and Molecular and Cellular Biology, where he remained until his retirement in 2015.[2][3] There he taught courses in biochemistry, biophysics and cell biology and, with members of the iBiology team, developed a "flipped" cell biology course.[10] He also worked as a visiting Fulbright Scholar teaching in the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics at Bosphorus University in Istanbul, Türkiye.[11]

He was elected chair of the 1996 Gordon Research Conference on Motile and Contractile Systems.[12] He served on the Editorial Boards of The Journal of Biological Chemistry, Molecular Biology of the Cell, and Cytoskeleton, and during 2012-2015 he was a member of the NIH Cell Biology study section (Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Structure, Function and Dynamics). In 2017 he was inducted as a Fellow of the American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB)[13]

Research

The research of the Scholey lab focused on the molecular mechanisms underlying mitosis [14] and ciliogenesis,[15] with particular emphasis on the roles of motor proteins [16] notably kinesins and dyneins.[17] An early contribution to the field was the development and sharing of monoclonal antibodies that inhibit kinesin-driven motility[9] and were used; (i) to help identify the kinesin superfamily motor domain;[18] (ii) to demonstrate that kinesin-1 contributes to the organization of the interphase endomembrane system;[19] and (iii) to provide evidence that kinesin-1 associates with mitotic spindle-associated endomembranes.[20][21]

In mitosis research, based mainly on studies using Drosophila syncitial embryos,[22] he became a proponent of the theory that kinesin-5 motors are bipolar homotetramers with pairs of motor domains at opposite ends of a central rod,[23][24][25][26], capable of mediating a sliding filament mechanism[27][28]. This mechanism is proposed to allow kinesin-5 to cooperate with other mitotic motors[6] to orchestrate several aspects of mitotic spindle function,[29] e.g. anaphase B spindle elongation.[30] Scholey lab research on mitotic motors and spindle mechanics extended to the mathematical modeling of aspects of mitosis [31] and to an interest in mitotic spindle membranes.[32]

In the field of ciliogenesis, his laboratory discovered and characterized heterotrimeric kinesin-2,[33] [34] an anterograde motor which they found to be essential for ciliary assembly on swimming sea urchin embryos.[35] In parallel research using Chlamydomonas, the Rosenbaum lab discovered intraflagellar transport [36] and found that heterotrimeric kinesin-2 transports protein complexes essential for ciliogenesis (named IFT particles) to the ciliary tips.[37] Scholey and colleagues went on to demonstrate that kinesin-2 exists in both heterotrimeric and homodimeric forms in Caenorhabditis elegans sensory neuronal cilia,[38] [39]where the two forms cooperate with the retrograde motor, dynein-2,[40] to drive intraflagellar transport (IFT) [39] which contributes to the delivery of tubulin to the ciliary tips. [41] [42]

References

  1. ↑ "College of Biological Sciences - Jonathan M. Scholey". biology.ucdavis.edu. 2020-11-17. Retrieved 2025-10-31.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Scholey, Jonathan (2006). "Q and A". Current Biology. 16 (9): R306–R307. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.03.086. PMID 16721934.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Yeh, Yin. "487 Jonathan Scholey interview is with Jonathan Scholey, Distinguished Professor Emeritus in the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology". University of California, Davis. Retrieved 2025-10-28.
  4. ↑ Scholey, J.M.; Taylor, K.A.; Kendrick-Jones, J. (1980). "Regulation of non-muscle myosin assembly by calmodulin-dependent light chain kinase". Nature. 287 (5779): 233–235. Bibcode:1980Natur.287..233S. doi:10.1038/287233a0. PMID 6893621.
  5. ↑ Kendrick-Jones, J; Scholey, JM (1981). "Myosin-linked regulatory systems". Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility. 2 (4): 347–372. doi:10.1007/bf00711965. ISSN 0142-4319.
  6. 1 2 Sharp, DJ; Rogers, GC; Scholey, JM (2000). "Microtubule motors in mitosis". Nature. 407 (6800): 41–47. Bibcode:2000Natur.407...41S. doi:10.1038/35024000. PMID 10993066.
  7. ↑ Scholey, J.M.; Porter, M.E.; Grissom, P.; McIntosh, J.R. (1985). "Identification of kinesin in sea urchin eggs, and evidence for its localization in the mitotic spindle". Nature. 318 (6045): 483–486. Bibcode:1985Natur.318..483S. doi:10.1038/318483a0. PMID 2933590.
  8. ↑ Porter, ME; Scholey, JM; Stemple, DL; Vigers, GP; Vale, RD; Sheetz, MP; McIntosh, JR (1987). "Characterization of the microtubule movement produced by sea urchin egg kinesin". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 262 (6): 2794–2802. doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)61576-5. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 3102475.
  9. 1 2 Ingold, A.L.; Cohn, S.A.; Scholey, J.M. (1988). "Inhibition of kinesin-driven microtubule motility by monoclonal antibodies to kinesin heavy chains". Journal of Cell Biology. 107 (6): 2657–2667. doi:10.1083/jcb.107.6.2657. PMC 2115674. PMID 2974459.
  10. ↑ "Cell Biology Flipped Course • iBiology". iBiology. Retrieved 2025-10-28.
  11. ↑ "US Scholars. Jonathan Scholey". Fulbright Scholar Program.
  12. ↑ "1996 Motile and Contractile Systems Conference GRC". www.grc.org. Retrieved 2025-10-28.
  13. ↑ "Jodi Nunnari and Jonathan Scholey Honored as American Society for Cell Biology Fellows | College of Biological Sciences". biology.ucdavis.edu. 2017-12-07. Retrieved 2025-10-28.
  14. ↑ McIntosh, JR; Molodtsov, MI; Ataullakhanov, FI. (2012). "Biophysics of mitosis". Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics. 45 (2): 147–207. doi:10.1017/s0033583512000017. ISSN 0033-5835. PMC 4433171. PMID 22321376.
  15. ↑ Ishikawa, H; Marshall, WF (2011). "Ciliogenesis: building the cell's antenna". Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 12 (4): 222–234. doi:10.1038/nrm3085. ISSN 1471-0072. PMID 21427764.
  16. ↑ Sweeney, HL; Holzbaur, ELF (2018). "Motor Proteins". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 10 (5) a021931. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a021931. ISSN 1943-0264. PMC 5932582. PMID 29716949.
  17. ↑ Ou, G.; Scholey, J.M. (2022). "Motor Cooperation During Mitosis and Ciliogenesis". Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology. 38 (1): 49–74. doi:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-121420-100107. ISSN 1081-0706. PMID 35512258.
  18. ↑ Scholey, J.M.; Heuser, J.; Yang, J.T.; Goldstein, L.S.B. (1989). "Identification of globular mechanochemical heads of kinesin". Nature. 338 (6213): 355–357. Bibcode:1989Natur.338..355S. doi:10.1038/338355a0. PMID 2493586.
  19. ↑ Hollenbeck, PJ; Swanson, JA (1990). "Radial extension of macrophage tubular lysosomes supported by kinesin". Nature. 346 (6287): 864–866. Bibcode:1990Natur.346..864H. doi:10.1038/346864a0. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 1697403.
  20. ↑ Wright, BD; Henson, JH; Wedaman, KP; Willy, PJ; Morand, JN; Scholey, JM (1991). "Subcellular localization and sequence of sea urchin kinesin heavy chain: evidence for its association with membranes in the mitotic apparatus and interphase cytoplasm". The Journal of Cell Biology. 113 (4): 817–833. doi:10.1083/jcb.113.4.817. ISSN 0021-9525. PMC 2288992. PMID 1827446.
  21. ↑ Bi, G-Q; Morris, RL; Liao, G; Alderton, JM; Scholey, JM; Steinhardt, RA (1997). "Kinesin- and Myosin-driven Steps of Vesicle Recruitment for Ca2+-regulated Exocytosis". The Journal of Cell Biology. 138 (5): 999–1008. doi:10.1083/jcb.138.5.999. ISSN 0021-9525. PMC 2136755. PMID 9281579.
  22. ↑ Sullivan, W; Theurkauf, WE (1995). "The cytoskeleton and morphogenesis of the early Drosophila embryo". Current Opinion in Cell Biology. 7 (1): 18–22. doi:10.1016/0955-0674(95)80040-9. ISSN 0955-0674.
  23. ↑ Cole, D.G.; Saxton, W.M.; Sheehan, K.B.; Scholey, J.M. (1994). "A "slow" homotetrameric kinesin-related motor protein purified from Drosophila embryos". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 269 (37): 22913–22916. doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)31593-4. ISSN 0021-9258.
  24. ↑ Kashina, AS; Scholey, JM; Leszyk, JD; Saxton, WM (1996). "An essential bipolar mitotic motor". Nature. 384 (6606): 225. Bibcode:1996Natur.384..225K. doi:10.1038/384225a0. ISSN 0028-0836. PMC 3209954. PMID 8918872.
  25. ↑ Acar, S; Carlson, DB; Budamagunta, MS; Yarov-Yarovoy, V; Correia, JJ; Niñonuevo; Jia, W; Tao, L; Leary, JA; Voss, JC; Evans, JE; Scholey, JM (2013). "The bipolar assembly domain of the mitotic motor kinesin-5". Nature Communications. 4 (1) 1343. Bibcode:2013NatCo...4.1343A. doi:10.1038/ncomms2348. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 3562449. PMID 23299893.
  26. ↑ Scholey, JE; Nithianantham, S; Scholey, JM; Al-Bassam, J (2014). "Structural basis for the assembly of the mitotic motor Kinesin-5 into bipolar tetramers". eLife. 3:e02217 e02217. doi:10.7554/eLife.02217. ISSN 2050-084X. PMC 3978770. PMID 24714498.
  27. ↑ McIntosh, JR; Hepler, PK; Van Wie, DG (1969). "Model for Mitosis". Nature. 224 (5220): 659–663. Bibcode:1969Natur.224..659M. doi:10.1038/224659a0.
  28. ↑ Kapitein, LC; Peterman, EJG; Kwok, BH.; Kim, JH; Kapoor, TM; Schmidt, CF (2005). "The bipolar mitotic kinesin Eg5 moves on both microtubules that it crosslinks". Nature. 435 (7038): 114–118. Bibcode:2005Natur.435..114K. doi:10.1038/nature03503. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 15875026.
  29. ↑ Brust-Mascher, I; Sommi, P; Cheerambathur, DK; Scholey, JM (2009). "Kinesin-5–dependent Poleward Flux and Spindle Length Control in Drosophila Embryo Mitosis". Molecular Biology of the Cell. 20 (6): 1749–1762. doi:10.1091/mbc.e08-10-1033. ISSN 1059-1524. PMC 2655252. PMID 19158379.
  30. ↑ Brust-Mascher, I.; Civelekoglu-Scholey, G.; Kwon, M.; Mogilner, A.; Scholey, J. M. (2004). "Model for anaphase B: Role of three mitotic motors in a switch from poleward flux to spindle elongation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101 (45): 15938–15943. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10115938B. doi:10.1073/pnas.0407044101. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 524698. PMID 15522967.
  31. ↑ Civelekoglu-Scholey, G.; Sharp, D.J.; Mogilner, A.; Scholey, J.M. (2006). "Model of Chromosome Motility in Drosophila Embryos: Adaptation of a General Mechanism for Rapid Mitosis". Biophysical Journal. 90 (11): 3966–3982. Bibcode:2006BpJ....90.3966C. doi:10.1529/biophysj.105.078691. ISSN 0006-3495. PMC 1459506. PMID 16533843.
  32. ↑ Scholey, JM (2025). "Mitotic spindle membranes". Molecular Biology of the Cell. 36 (4) re1. doi:10.1091/mbc.e24-10-0475. ISSN 1059-1524. PMC 12005112. PMID 40067152.
  33. ↑ Cole, D. G.; Chinn, S. W.; Wedaman, K. P.; Hall, K.; Vuong, T.; Scholey, J. M. (November 1993). "Novel heterotrimeric kinesin-related protein purified from sea urchin eggs". Nature. 366 (6452): 268–270. Bibcode:1993Natur.366..268C. doi:10.1038/366268a0. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 8232586.
  34. ↑ Wedaman, K P; Meyer, D W; Rashid, D J; Cole, D G; Scholey, J M (1996). "Sequence and submolecular localization of the 115-kD accessory subunit of the heterotrimeric kinesin-II (KRP85/95) complex". The Journal of Cell Biology. 132 (3): 371–380. doi:10.1083/jcb.132.3.371. ISSN 0021-9525. PMC 2120715. PMID 8636215.
  35. ↑ Morris, R. L.; Scholey, J. M. (1997). "Heterotrimeric kinesin-II is required for the assembly of motile 9+2 ciliary axonemes on sea urchin embryos". The Journal of Cell Biology. 138 (5): 1009–1022. doi:10.1083/jcb.138.5.1009. ISSN 0021-9525. PMC 2136763. PMID 9281580.
  36. ↑ Kozminski, KG; Johnson, KA; Forscher, P; Rosenbaum, JL (1993). "A motility in the eukaryotic flagellum unrelated to flagellar beating". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 90 (12): 5519–5523. Bibcode:1993PNAS...90.5519K. doi:10.1073/pnas.90.12.5519. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 46752. PMID 8516294.
  37. ↑ Cole, DG; Diener, DR; Himelblau, AL; Beech, PL; Fuster, JC; Rosenbaum, JL (1998). "Chlamydomonas Kinesin-II–dependent Intraflagellar Transport (IFT): IFT Particles Contain Proteins Required for Ciliary Assembly in Caenorhabditis elegans Sensory Neurons". The Journal of Cell Biology. 141 (4): 993–1008. doi:10.1083/jcb.141.4.993. ISSN 0021-9525. PMC 2132775. PMID 9585417.
  38. ↑ Inglis, PN; Ou, G; Leroux, MR; Scholey, JM (2007). "The sensory cilia of Caenorhabditis elegans". WormBook: 1–22. doi:10.1895/wormbook.1.126.2. ISSN 1551-8507. PMC 10083726. PMID 18050505.
  39. 1 2 Snow, J.J.; Ou, G.; Gunnarson, A.L.; Walker, M.R.S.; Zhou, H.M.; Brust-Mascher, I.; Scholey, J.M. (2004). "Two anterograde intraflagellar transport motors cooperate to build sensory cilia on C. elegans neurons". Nature Cell Biology. 6 (11): 1109–1113. doi:10.1038/ncb1186. ISSN 1465-7392. PMID 15489852.
  40. ↑ Signor, D; Wedaman, KP; Orozco, JT.; Dwyer, ND; Bargmann, CI; Rose, LS; Scholey, JM (1999). "Role of a Class Dhc1b Dynein in Retrograde Transport of Ift Motors and Ift Raft Particles along Cilia, but Not Dendrites, in Chemosensory Neurons of Living Caenorhabditis elegans". The Journal of Cell Biology. 147 (3): 519–530. doi:10.1083/jcb.147.3.519. ISSN 0021-9525. PMC 2151193. PMID 10545497.
  41. ↑ Hao, L; Thein, M; Brust-Mascher, I; Civelekoglu-Scholey, G; Lu, Y; Acar, S; Prevo, B; Shaham, S; Scholey, JM (2011). "Intraflagellar transport delivers tubulin isotypes to sensory cilium middle and distal segments". Nature Cell Biology. 13 (7): 790–798. doi:10.1038/ncb2268. ISSN 1465-7392. PMC 3129367. PMID 21642982.
  42. ↑ Craft Van De Weghe, J; Harris, JA; Kubo, T; Witman, GB; Lechtreck, KF (2020). "Diffusion rather than intraflagellar transport likely provides most of the tubulin required for axonemal assembly in Chlamydomonas". Journal of Cell Science. 133 (17) jcs249805. doi:10.1242/jcs.249805. PMC 7502601. PMID 32801124.
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