Iron Gate Pass of Transylvania

Iron Gate Pass
Iron Gate Pass is located in Romania
Iron Gate Pass
Iron Gate Pass
Location within Romania
Elevation669 m (2,195 ft)
Third Approach
LocationRomania
RangeSouthern Carpathians
Coordinates45°30.25′N 22°41.29′E / 45.50417°N 22.68817°E / 45.50417; 22.68817

The Transylvanian Iron Gate Pass (Romanian: Pasul Poarta de Fier a Transilvaniei, Hungarian: Erdélyi Vaskapu / Vaskapu-hágó / Vaskapu-szoros, German: Eisernes-Tor-Pass, all of these names meaning Iron Gate Pass in the respective languages) is a mountain pass in the Carpathians, located in Hunedoara County, Transylvania, Romania. It should not be confused with the more famous Danube gorge to the south, known as the "Iron Gates", among others.

History

Battle memorial of John Hunyadi near the Transylvanian Iron Gate, in Zajkány, Hunyad County, Kingdom of Hungary (now Zeicani, Romania), erected in 1896 and destroyed in 1992

The battle between John Hunyadi and Mezid Bey (March 1442), fought within the Kingdom of Hungary, is placed by older historiography at Hermannstadt/Szeben (now Sibiu) in Transylvania,[1][2][3] while modern historiography locates it at the Iron Gate Pass (Vaskapu) in Hunyad County, southwestern Transylvania.[4][5][6][7][8][9]

The battle between John Hunyadi and Şehabeddin Pasha (September 1442), placed by older historiography at the Transylvanian Iron Gate Pass (Vaskapu) within Kingdom of Hungary,[10][11] is located by modern historiography in the upper Ialomița River valley, south of the Carpathians in Wallachia.[12][13][14][15][16]

Sources

  • Babinger, Franz (1978). Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-09900-6.
  • Jefferson, John (2012). The Holy Wars of King Wladislas and Sultan Murad: The Ottoman-Christian Conflict from 1438–1444. Leiden: Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-90-04-21904-5.
  • Mureșanu, Camil (2021). John Hunyadi Defender of Christendom. Las Vegas: The Center for Romanian Studies, Histria Books. ISBN 978-1-59211-012-4.
  • Pálosfalvi, Tamás (2018). From Nicopolis to Mohács: A History of Ottoman-Hungarian Warfare, 1389–1526. The Ottoman Empire and Its Heritage: Politics, Society and Economy 63. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-37565-9.

References

  1. ↑ Tarján M., Tamás. "Hunyadi János legyőzi a törököket Szebennél" [John Hunyadi defeats the Turks at Szeben]. Rubicon (Hungarian Historical Information Dissemination) (in Hungarian).
  2. ↑ Bánlaky, József. "A szebeni csata 1442. március 25-én" [The Battle of Szeben on 25 March 1442]. A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme [The Military History of the Hungarian Nation] (in Hungarian). Budapest.
  3. ↑ Babinger 1978, p. 20.
  4. ↑ Pálosfalvi, Tamás (2001). "Az 1442. márciusi török hadjárat – Adalékok Hunyadi János első törökellenes harcaihoz" [The Ottoman Campaign of March 1442. Remarks on The First Anti-Ottoman Struggles of János Hunyadi] (PDF). Történelmi Szemle [Historical Review] (in Hungarian). XLIII (1–2). Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Bölcsészettudományi Kutatóközpont Történettudományi Intézet [The Hungarian Academy of Sciences – Research Centre for the Humanities – Institute of History]: 43–54.
  5. ↑ Jefferson 2012, p. 278–286: The Rise of Hunyadi, 1440-1442 – The Turkish Wars of 1442.
  6. ↑ Pálosfalvi 2018, p. 93–105: From Golubac to Belgrade, 1428–1456 – The First Ottoman Wars of Hunyadi, 1441–1443.
  7. ↑ Weiss, David (2020). The Ottoman campaign in Wallachia and the Battle on the River Ialomița (1442).
  8. ↑ Ágoston, Gábor (April 2025). "Oszmán hódítók és az "átkozott Jankó"" [Ottoman Conquerors and the "Cursed Janko"]. Rubicon Historical Magazine. 2025 (4).
  9. ↑ Fedeles, Tamás (April 2025). "Csillag születik – Hunyadi törökverő nimbusza" [A Star Is Born – The Halo of Hunyadi the Turk-Buster]. Rubicon Historical Magazine. 2025 (4).
  10. ↑ Bánlaky, József. "A vaskapui diadal 1442 július havában" [The Triumph of the Iron Gate in July 1442]. A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme [The Military History of the Hungarian Nation] (in Hungarian). Budapest.
  11. ↑ Tarján M., Tamás. "Hunyadi János legyőzi a törököket Szebennél" [John Hunyadi defeats the Turks at Szeben]. Rubicon (Hungarian Historical Information Dissemination) (in Hungarian).
  12. ↑ Weiss, David (2020). The Ottoman campaign in Wallachia and the Battle on the River Ialomița (1442).
  13. ↑ Pálosfalvi 2018, p. 92–105: The First Ottoman Wars of Hunyadi, 1441–1443.
  14. ↑ Ágoston, Gábor (April 2025). "Oszmán hódítók és az "átkozott Jankó"" [Ottoman Conquerors and the "Cursed Janko"]. Rubicon Historical Magazine. 2025 (4).
  15. ↑ Fedeles, Tamás (April 2025). "Csillag születik – Hunyadi törökverő nimbusza" [A Star Is Born – The Halo of Hunyadi the Turk-Buster]. Rubicon Historical Magazine. 2025 (4).
  16. ↑ Mureșanu 2021, p. 77–89: In Transylvania and Wallachia.
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