List of Irish Victoria Cross recipients

Army recruiting poster, 1915, featuring Michael O'Leary

List of Irish Victoria Cross recipients lists all recipients of the Victoria Cross (post-nominal letters "VC") born on the island of Ireland, together with the date and place of their VC action. The Victoria Cross is the highest war honour of the British Empire and the Commonwealth of Nations. The whole island of Ireland was part of the United Kingdom until 1922 when it was partitioned into Northern Ireland and the Irish Free State. On 18 April 1949, the Dominion of Ireland became the Republic of Ireland and left the Commonwealth as a result of the Republic of Ireland Act 1948 coming into effect. Despite this, citizens of the Republic of Ireland still enlist in the British Army and thus are eligible for the Victoria Cross and other British honours.

Background

Established in 1856, the Victoria Cross has been awarded to service personnel for extraordinary valour and devotion to duty while facing a hostile force. Between 1858 and 1881 the Victoria Cross could also be awarded for actions taken "under circumstances of extreme danger" not in the face of the enemy.^[1] Six people (four Irish, one English and one Canadian) were awarded Victoria Crosses under this clause (one in 1866 during the Fenian raids, five for a single incident in 1867 during the Andaman Islands Expedition), until it was amended in 1881 to only allow acts "in the presence of the enemy".^[1]^[2] It was awarded to members of the British Armed Forces which included Irish service personnel until 1922. It is currently available to personnel of any rank in any service, and to allies serving under or with British Forces. It is the highest honour in the Commonwealth honours system, placed before all other orders, decorations and medals.

Both Catholic and Protestant officers and servicemen born in Ireland served alongside each other in the British Military.^[3] During the previous two centuries they had a common military background, and irrespective of class or creed many were decorated with the British highest award for valour. 30 Irish VCs were awarded in the Crimean War, 59 Irish VCs in the Indian Mutiny, 46 Irish VCs in numerous other British Empire campaigns between 1857 and 1914, 37 Irish VCs in World War I, and eight Irish VCs in World War II.

Recipients

This along with the * indicates that the Victoria Cross was awarded posthumously

Name	Date of action	Conflict	Unit	Place of action	Notes
James Adams	1879	Second Afghan War	British Indian Army	Killa Kazi, Afghanistan
Augustus Agar	1919	Baltic Campaign 1918	HM Coastal Motor Boat 4	Kronstadt, Russia
John Alexander	1855	Crimean War	09090th Regiment of Foot	Sevastopol, Crimea
Charles Anderson	1858	Indian Rebellion of 1857	0022nd Queen's Dragoon Guards	Sandila, India
John Barry	1901*	Second Boer War	Royal Irish Regiment	Monument Hill, South Africa
David Bell	1867	Andaman Islands Expedition	02424th Regiment of Foot	Little Andaman, India	^[4]
Edward Bell	1854	Crimean War	02323rd Regiment of Foot	Alma, Crimea
Eric Bell	1916*	First World War	Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers	Thiepval, France
William Beresford	1879	Anglo-Zulu War	0099th Queen's Royal Lancers	Ulundi, South Africa
James Bergin	1868	Abyssinian Expedition	03333rd Regiment of Foot	Magdala, Abyssinia
Edward Bingham	1916	First World War	HMS Nestor	Jutland, Denmark
Abraham Boulger	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	08484th Regiment of Foot	Lucknow, India
George Boyd-Rochfort	1915	First World War	Scots Guards	Cambrin, France
Joseph Bradshaw	1855	Crimean War	Rifle Brigade	Woronzoff Road, Crimea
William Bradshaw	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	09090th Regiment of Foot	Lucknow, India
Edward Brown	1900	Second Boer War	01414th King's Hussars	Geluk, South Africa
Francis Brown	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	0011st European Bengal Fusiliers	Narnaul, India
Bryan Budd	2006*	War in Afghanistan	001Parachute Regiment	Sangin, Afghanistan
Hugh Burgoyne	1855	Crimean War	HMS Swallow	Sea of Azov, Crimea
Nathaniel Burslem	1860	Second Opium War	06767th Regiment of Foot	Taku Forts, China
James Byrne	1858	Indian Rebellion of 1857	08686th Regiment	Jhansi, India
John Byrne	1854	Crimean War	06868th Regiment of Foot	Inkerman, Crimea
Thomas Byrne	1898	Mahdist War	02121st Lancers	Omdurman, Sudan
John Caffrey	1915	First World War	0022nd York and Lancaster Regiment	La Brique, France
Daniel Cambridge	1855	Crimean War	Royal Artillery	Sevastopol, Crimea
Patrick Carlin	1858	Indian Rebellion of 1857	01313th Regiment of Foot	Azumgurh, India
Geoffrey Cather	1916*	First World War	Royal Irish Fusiliers	Hamel, France
Alexander Cobbe	1902	Somaliland Campaign	King's African Rifles	Erego, Somaliland
William Coffey	1855	Crimean War	03434th Regiment of Foot	Sevastopol, Crimea
Nevill Coghill	1879*	Anglo-Zulu War	02424th Regiment of Foot	Isandhlwana South Africa
Hugh Colvin	1917	First World War	Cheshire Regiment	Ypres, Belgium
John Connors	1855	Crimean War	0033rd Regiment of Foot	Sevastopol, Crimea
John Conolly	1854	Crimean War	04949th Regiment of Foot	Sevastopol, Crimea
William Cosgrove	1915	First World War	Royal Munster Fusiliers	Gallipoli, Turkey
Edmund Costello	1897	Siege of Malakand	02222nd Punjab Infantry	Malakand, India
Cornelius Coughlan	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	Gordon Highlanders	Delhi, India
Garrett Creagh	1879	Second Afghan War	Bombay Staff Corps	Kam Dakka, Afghanistan
Thomas Crean	1901	Second Boer War	Imperial Light Horse	Tygerkloof Spruit, South Africa
James Crichton	1918	First World War	New Zealand Expeditionary Force	Crèvecœur, France
John Crimmin	1889	Karenni Expedition	Bombay Medical Service	Lwekaw, Burma
John Cunningham	1917*	First World War	Prince of Wales's Leinster Regiment	Bois-en-Hache, France
John Danaher	1881	First Boer War	Nourse's Horse (Transvaal)	Elandsfontein, South Africa
Maurice Dease	1914*	First World War	Royal Fusiliers	Mons, Belgium
Denis Dempsey	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	01010th Regiment of Foot	Lucknow, India
Bernard Diamond	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	Bengal Horse Artillery	Bulandshahr, India
Edmund De Wind	1918*	First World War	Royal Ulster Rifles	Groagie, France
John Divane	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	06060th Rifles	Delhi, India
Patrick Donohoe	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	0099th Queen's Royal Lancers	Bulandshahr, India
John Doogan	1881	First Boer War	0011st King's Dragoon Guards	Laing's Nek, South Africa
William Dowling	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	03232nd Regiment of Foot	Lucknow, India
Martin Doyle	1918	First World War	Royal Munster Fusiliers	Reincourt, France
James Duffy	1917	First World War	Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers	Kereina Peak, Palestine
Thomas Duffy	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	102102nd Madras Fusiliers	Lucknow, India
John Dunlay	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	09393rd Regiment of Foot	Lucknow, India
Denis Dynon	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	05353rd Regiment of Foot	Chota Behar, India
Frederick Edwards	1916	First World War	Middlesex Regiment	Thiepval, France
James Emerson	1917*	First World War	Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers	La Vacquerie, France
William English	1901	Second Boer War	The Scottish Horse	Vlakfontein, South Africa
Harold Ervine-Andrews	1940	Second World War	East Lancashire Regiment	Dunkirk, France
Eugene Esmonde	1942*	Second World War	825825 Naval Air Squadron	Straits of Dover
Thomas Esmonde	1855	Crimean War	01818th Regiment of Foot	Sevastopol, Crimea
John Farrell	1854	Crimean War	01717th Lancers	Balaklava, Crimea
Edward Fegen	1940	Second World War	HMS Jervis Bay	Atlantic Ocean
Charles FitzClarence	1899	Second Boer War	Royal Fusiliers	Mafeking, South Africa
Richard Fitzgerald	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	Bengal Horse Artillery	Bulandshahr, India
Andrew Fitzgibbon	1860	Second Opium War	06767th Regiment of Foot	Taku Forts, China
Francis Fitzpatrick	1879	Basuto War	09494th Regiment of Foot	Sekukuni's Town, South Africa
Thomas Flinn	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	06464th Regiment of Foot	Cawnpore, India
George Forrest	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	Bengal Veteran Establishment	Delhi, India
Edmund Fowler	1879	Anglo-Zulu War	Cameronians (Scottish Rifles)	Zlobane Mountain, South Africa
George Gardiner	1855	Crimean War	05757th Regiment of Foot	Sebastopol, Crimea
Donald Garland	1940*	Second World War	No. 12 Squadron RAF	Albert Canal, Belgium
Stephen Garvin	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	06060th Rifles	Delhi, India
Peter Gill	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	Loodiana Regiment	Benares, India
Henry Gore-Browne	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	03232nd Regiment of Foot	Lucknow, India
Charles Gough	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	5th Bengal European Light Cavalry	Lucknow, India
Hugh Gough	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	1st Bengal European Light Cavalry	Lucknow, India
John Gough	1903	Somaliland Campaign	Rifle Brigade	Daratoleh, Somaliland
Thomas Grady	1854	Crimean War	0044th Regiment of Foot	Sevastopol, Crimea
Patrick Graham	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	09090th Regiment of Foot	Lucknow, India
Peter Grant	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	09393rd Regiment of Foot	Lucknow, India
Patrick Green	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	07575th Regiment of Foot	Delhi, India
William Griffiths	1867	Andaman Islands Expedition	02424th Regiment of Foot	Little Andaman, India	^[4]
Thomas Hackett	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	02323rd Regiment of Foot	Lucknow, India
Frederick Hall	1915*	First World War	0088th (Winnipeg Rifles) Battalion	Ypres, Belgium
Walter Hamilton	1879	Second Afghan War	Staff CorpsStaff Corps and Corps of Guides	Futtehabad, Afghanistan
Robert Hanna	1917	First World War	02929th Battalion, CEF	Lens, France
John Harrison	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	Naval Brigade	Lucknow, India
Reginald Hart	1879	Second Afghan War	Royal Engineers	Bazar Valley, Afghanistan
Henry Hartigan	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	0099th Queen's Royal Lancers	Delhi, India
Frederick Harvey	1917	First World War	Lord Strathcona's Horse	Guyencourt, France
Robert Hawthorne	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	05252nd Regiment of Foot	Delhi, India
Samuel Hill	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	09090th Regiment	Lucknow, India
John Holland	1916	First World War	Prince of Wales's Leinster Regiment	Guillemont, France
Thomas Hughes	1916	First World War	Connaught Rangers	Guillemont, France
Charles Irwin	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	05353rd Regiment of Foot	Lucknow, India
James Jackman	1941*	Second World War	Royal Northumberland Fusiliers	Tobruk, Libya
Edward Jennings	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	Bengal Artillery	Lucknow, India
Robert Johnston	1899	Second Boer War	Imperial Light Horse (Natal)	Elandslaagte, South Africa
Henry Jones	1855	Crimean War	0077th Regiment	Sebastopol, Crimea
Thomas Kavanagh	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	Bengal Civil Service	Lucknow, India
Richard Keatinge	1858	Indian Rebellion of 1857	Bombay Artillery	Chundairee, India
Richard Kelliher	1943	Second World War	AustralianAustralian Imperial Force	New Guinea, Pacific
Henry Kelly	1916	First World War	Duke of Wellington's Regiment	Le Sars, France	^[5]
William Kenealy	1915	First World War	Lancashire Fusiliers	Gallipoli, Turkey
James Kenny	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	53rd Regiment of Foot	Lucknow, India
William Kenny	1914	First World War	Gordon Highlanders	Ypres, Belgium
William Kenny	1920*	Waziristan Campaign	03939th Garhwal Rifles	Kot Kai, India
George Lambert	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	08484th Regiment of Foot	Oonao, India
Thomas Lane	1860	Second Opium War	06767th Regiment of Foot	Taku Forts, China
Thomas Laughnan	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	Bengal Artillery	Lucknow, India
Samuel Lawrence	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	03232nd Regiment of Foot	Lucknow, India
Edward Leach	1879	Second Afghan War	Royal Engineers	Maidanah, Afghanistan
William Leet	1879	Anglo-Zulu War	01313th Regiment of Foot	Inhlobana, South Africa
William Lendrim	1855	Crimean War	Royal Engineers	Sevastopol, Crimea
Owen Lloyd	1893	Kachin Expedition	Army Medical ServicesArmy Medical Service	Fort Sima, Burma
David Lord	1944*	Second World War	No. 271 Squadron RAF	Battle of Arnhem, Netherlands
Charles Lucas	1854	Crimean War	HMS Hecla	Åland, Finland	^[6]
John Lucas	1861	First Taranaki War	04040th Regiment of Foot	New Zealand
John Lyons	1855	Crimean War	01919th Regiment of Foot	Sevastopol, Crimea
Harry Lyster	1858	Indian Rebellion of 1857	07272nd Bengal Native Infantry	Calpee, India
Ambrose Madden	1854	Crimean War	04141st Regiment	Little Inkerman, Crimea
James Magennis	1945	Second World War	HMS XE3	Johore Straits, Singapore	^[7]
Michael Magner	1868	Abyssinian Expedition	03333rd Regiment of Foot	Magdala, Abyssinia
Patrick Mahoney	1857*	Indian Rebellion of 1857	102102nd Madras Fusiliers	Mungulwar, India
William Manley	1864	New Zealand Wars	Royal Artillery	Tauranga, New Zealand
Edward Mannock	1918*	First World War	No. 74 Squadron RAF	Western Front
James Masterson	1900	Second Boer War	Devonshire Regiment	Ladysmith, South Africa
Frederick Maude	1855	Crimean War	0033rd Regiment of Foot	Sevastopol, Crimea
Charles McCorrie	1855	Crimean War	05757th Regiment of Foot	Sevastopol, Crimea
William McFadzean	1916*	First World War	Royal Ulster Rifles	Thiepval Wood, France
John McGovern	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	101101st Regiment of Foot	Delhi, India
James McGuire	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	101101st Regiment of Foot	Delhi, India
Patrick McHale	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	0055th Regiment of Foot	Lucknow, India
Peter McManus	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	0055th Regiment of Foot	Lucknow, India
Bernard McQuirt	1858	Indian Rebellion of 1857	09595th Regiment of Foot	Rowa, India
William McWheeney	1854	Crimean War	04444th Regiment of Foot	Sevastopol, Crimea
Martin Moffat	1918	First World War	Prince of Wales's Leinster Regiment	Ledeghem, Belgium
Arthur Moore	1857	Anglo-Persian War	0033rd Bombay Light Cavalry	Khushab, Persia
Hans Moore	1877	Cape Frontier Wars	08888th Regiment	Komgha, South Africa
Robert Morrow	1915*	First World War	Royal Irish Fusiliers	Messines, Belgium
John Moyney	1917	First World War	Irish Guards	Broembeek, Belgium
Andrew Moynihan	1855	Crimean War	09090th Regiment of Foot	Redan, Crimea
Patrick Mullane	1880	Second Afghan War	Royal Horse Artillery	Maiwand, Afghanistan	^[8]
Michael Murphy	1858	Indian Rebellion of 1857	01717th Lancers	Azumgurh, India	^[9]
Thomas Murphy	1867	Andaman Islands Expedition	02424th Regiment of Foot	Little Andaman, India	^[4]
James Murray	1881	First Boer War	08888th Regiment	Elandsfontein, South Africa
John Murray	1864	New Zealand Wars	06868th Regiment of Foot	Tauranga, New Zealand
Patrick Mylott	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	08484th Regiment of Foot	Lucknow, India
Michael John O'Leary	1917	First World War	Irish Guards	Cuinchy, France
William Nash	1858	Indian Rebellion of 1857	Rifle Brigade	Lucknow, India
David Nelson	1914	First World War	Royal Artillery	Néry, France
Claude Nunney	1918*	First World War	03838th Battalion, CEF	Drocourt-Quéant Line, France
George Nurse	1899	Second Boer War	Royal Field Artillery	Colenso, South Africa
Luke O'Connor	1854	Crimean War	02323rd Regiment of Foot	Alma, Crimea	^[10]
Timothy O'Hea	1866	Fenian raids on Canada	Rifle Brigade	Danville, Quebec, Canada	^[11]
Michael John	1915	First World War	Irish Guards	Cuinchy, France
William Olpherts	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	Bengal Artillery	Lucknow, India
Martin O'Meara	1916	First World War	0011st Division (Australia)	Pozières, France
Michael O'Rourke	1917	First World War	0077th Battalion, CEF	Hill 70, France
Gerald O'Sullivan	1915	First World War	Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers	Gallipoli, Turkey
Edmund O'Toole	1879	Anglo-Zulu War	Frontier Light Horse	Ulundi, South Africa
James Owens	1854	Crimean War	04949th Regiment of Foot	Sevastopol, Crimea
John Park	1854	Crimean War	07777th Regiment of Foot	Alma, Crimea
James Pearson	1858	Indian Rebellion of 1857	08686th Regiment of Foot	Jhansi, India
Dighton Probyn	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	0022nd Punjab Cavalry	Agra, India
Joseph Prosser	1855	Crimean War	0011st Regiment of Foot	Sevastopol, Crimea
John Purcell	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	0099th Queen's Royal Lancers	Delhi, India
Robert Quigg	1916	First World War	Royal Ulster Rifles	Hamel, France
Hamilton Reed	1899	Second Boer War	Royal Field Artillery	Colenso, South Africa
James Reynolds	1879	Anglo-Zulu War	Army Medical ServiceArmy Medical Service	Rorke's Drift, Natal, South Africa
George Richardson	1859	Indian Rebellion of 1857	03434th Regiment of Foot	Kewane Trans-Gogra, India
Richard Ridgeway	1879	Naga Hills Expedition	Bengal Staff Corps	Konoma, India
Frederick Roberts	1899*	Second Boer War	King's Royal Rifle Corps	Colenso, South Africa
Clement Robertson	1917*	First World War	Queen's Royal Regiment	Zonnebeke, Belgium
Patrick Roddy	1858	Indian Rebellion of 1857	Bengal Army	Kuthirga, India
Robert Rogers	1860	Second Opium War	04444th Regiment of Foot	Taku Forts, China
George Roupell	1915	First World War	East Surrey Regiment	Hill 60, Belgium
John Ryan	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	102102nd Madras Fusiliers	Lucknow, India
John Ryan	1863	New Zealand Wars	06565th Regiment of Foot	Cameron Town, New Zealand
Miles Ryan	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	101101st Regiment of Foot	Delhi, India
Robert Scott	1900	Second Boer War	Manchester Regiment	Natal, South Africa	^[12]
John Sinnott	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	08484th Regiment of Foot	Lucknow, India
Michael Sleavon	1858	Indian Rebellion of 1857	Royal Engineers	Jhansi, India
Frederick Smith	1864	New Zealand Wars	04343rd Regiment of Foot	Tauranga, New Zealand
Philip Smith	1855	Crimean War	01717th Regiment of Foot	Sevastopol, Crimea
James Somers	1915	First World War	Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers	Gallipoli, Turkey
Dudley Stagpoole	1863	New Zealand Wars	05757th Regiment of Foot	Poutoko, New Zealand
John Sullivan	1855	Crimean War	Naval Brigade	Sevastopol, Crimea
William Temple	1863	New Zealand Wars	Royal Artillery	Rangiriri, New Zealand
James Travers	1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857	0022nd Bengal Native Infantry	Indore, India
Mark Walker	1854	Crimean War	03030th Regiment of Foot	Inkerman, Crimea
Joseph Ward	1858	Indian Rebellion of 1857	0088th King's Royal Irish Hussars	Gwalior, India
George White	1879	Second Afghan War	09292nd Regiment of Foot	Charasiah, Afghanistan
Alexander Wright	1855	Crimean War	07777th Regiment of Foot	Sevastopol, Crimea
Alexander Young	1901	Second Boer War	Cape Police	Ruiterskraal, South Africa

References

1 2 Christopher McCreery (2015). The Canadian Honours System. Dundurn. p. 130. ISBN 978-1-4597-2417-4.
↑ "VC background". British War Graves Memorial. Archived from the original on 6 October 2007. Retrieved 7 April 2008.
↑ Karsten, Peter (1983). "Irish Soldiers in the British Army, 1792–1922: Suborned or Subordinate". Journal of Social History. 17 (1): 31–64. doi:10.1353/jsh/17.1.31.
1 2 3 Between 1858 and 1881 the Victoria Cross could be awarded for actions taken "under circumstances of extreme danger" not in the face of the enemy. Five people were awarded Victoria Crosses when they manned a boat to rescue their comrades who had been sent to the Andaman Islands on an investigation. This rule was changed in 1881 to only allow acts "in the presence of the enemy"."VC background". British War Graves Memorial. Archived from the original on 6 October 2007. Retrieved 7 April 2008.
↑ Kelly is considered an Irish recipient as well as English, due to Irish parentage.
"Manchester Military & Civilian Heroes (2)". Papillon Graphics' Virtual Encyclopaedia of Greater Manchester. 7 December 2007. Archived from the original on 27 March 2008. Retrieved 7 April 2008.
↑ The earliest action for which the VC was awarded (First Battle of Bomarsund, 21 June 1854).
↑ The only native of Northern Ireland to receive the VC for action in the Second World War.
↑ Mullane was born in India. He is considered an Irish recipient by parentage
Doherty, Truesdale, 2000
↑ Michael Murphy was one eight VC recipients whose award was forfeited. Although King George V in 1920 expressed the view that the VC should not be forfeited, the medals of Murphy and the other seven were not restored. List of Recipients of the Victoria Cross, The War Office (MS3), January 1953, note, page 7.
↑ The earliest action for which the VC was awarded to a soldier (20 September 1854).
↑ Between 1858 and 1881 the Victoria Cross could be awarded for actions taken "under circumstances of extreme danger" not in the face of the enemy. Six in total were awarded for actions taken not in the face of the enemy. O'Hea single-handedly put out a fire in an ammunition railway car, for which he was awarded the VC. This rule was changed in 1881 to only allow acts "in the presence of the enemy"."VC background". British War Graves Memorial. Archived from the original on 6 October 2007. Retrieved 7 April 2008.
↑ Scott was born in Manchester, England. He is considered an Irish recipient by parentage.
Doherty, Truesdale, 2000

Bibliography

Ashcroft, Michael (2006). Victoria Cross Heroes. Headline Book Publishing. ISBN 0-7553-1632-0.
Doherty, Richard; Truesdale, David (July 2000). Irish Winners of the Victoria Cross. Four Courts Pr Ltd. ISBN 978-1-85182-442-7.
Harvey, David (2000). Monuments to Courage. Naval & Military Press Ltd. ISBN 1-84342-356-1.

Archives

Victoria Cross Registers Archived 6 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine online index to Victoria Cross awards at the National Archives site
The original VC warrant and comments on some amendments to 1898. Archived 9 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine
Victoria Cross Research page Archived 16 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
Search UK National Inventory of War Memorial for memorials in the UK commemorating VC winners Archived 19 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine Select 'War' type of 'VC or GC Winners'

[McCreery2015k-1] 1 2 Christopher McCreery (2015). The Canadian Honours System. Dundurn. p. 130. ISBN 978-1-4597-2417-4.

[2] "VC background". British War Graves Memorial. Archived from the original on 6 October 2007. Retrieved 7 April 2008.

[3] Karsten, Peter (1983). "Irish Soldiers in the British Army, 1792–1922: Suborned or Subordinate". Journal of Social History. 17 (1): 31–64. doi:10.1353/jsh/17.1.31.

[Andaman_exception-4] 1 2 3 Between 1858 and 1881 the Victoria Cross could be awarded for actions taken "under circumstances of extreme danger" not in the face of the enemy. Five people were awarded Victoria Crosses when they manned a boat to rescue their comrades who had been sent to the Andaman Islands on an investigation. This rule was changed in 1881 to only allow acts "in the presence of the enemy"."VC background". British War Graves Memorial. Archived from the original on 6 October 2007. Retrieved 7 April 2008.

[5] Kelly is considered an Irish recipient as well as English, due to Irish parentage.
"Manchester Military & Civilian Heroes (2)". Papillon Graphics' Virtual Encyclopaedia of Greater Manchester. 7 December 2007. Archived from the original on 27 March 2008. Retrieved 7 April 2008.

[6] The earliest action for which the VC was awarded (First Battle of Bomarsund, 21 June 1854).

[7] The only native of Northern Ireland to receive the VC for action in the Second World War.

[8] Mullane was born in India. He is considered an Irish recipient by parentage
Doherty, Truesdale, 2000

[9] Michael Murphy was one eight VC recipients whose award was forfeited. Although King George V in 1920 expressed the view that the VC should not be forfeited, the medals of Murphy and the other seven were not restored. List of Recipients of the Victoria Cross, The War Office (MS3), January 1953, note, page 7.

[10] The earliest action for which the VC was awarded to a soldier (20 September 1854).

[11] Between 1858 and 1881 the Victoria Cross could be awarded for actions taken "under circumstances of extreme danger" not in the face of the enemy. Six in total were awarded for actions taken not in the face of the enemy. O'Hea single-handedly put out a fire in an ammunition railway car, for which he was awarded the VC. This rule was changed in 1881 to only allow acts "in the presence of the enemy"."VC background". British War Graves Memorial. Archived from the original on 6 October 2007. Retrieved 7 April 2008.

[12] Scott was born in Manchester, England. He is considered an Irish recipient by parentage.
Doherty, Truesdale, 2000

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Background

Recipients

See also

References

Bibliography