Industry in Turkey

Electric vehicles such as buses are manufactured

Industry is about a quarter of the economy of Turkey, and is mostly manufacturing.[1] Heavy industry is tending to move out of the EU due to Turkey's laxer pollution regulations and cheaper energy.[2] However, there are concerns about authoritarianism in the government of Turkey and lack of progress in decarbonisation.[3]

Consumer electronics and home appliances

Turkey's Vestel is the largest TV producer in Europe, accounting for a quarter of all TV sets manufactured and sold on the continent in 2006.[4] By January 2005, Vestel and its rival Turkish electronics and white goods brand Beko accounted for more than half of all TV sets manufactured in Europe.[5]

Textiles and clothing

Turkey is the world's fifth-largest exporter of textiles, accounting for 10% of the country's GDP and employing 750 000 people in 2018. Turkish companies made clothing exports worth $13.98 billion in 2006; more than $10.67 billion of which (76.33%) were exported to the European Union.[6]

Motor vehicles and automotive products

The automotive industry in Turkey, which plays an important role in the manufacturing sector of the Turkish economy, produced 1,352,648 motor vehicles in 2022,[7] ranking as the 13th largest producer in the world (production peaked at 1,695,731 motor vehicles in 2017, when Turkey also ranked 13th).[8] Turkish automotive companies like TEMSA, Otokar and BMC are among the world's largest van, bus and truck manufacturers. Togg, or Turkey's Automobile Joint Venture Group Inc. is the first all-electric vehicle company of Turkey.[9]

Togg T10X SUV[10] and Togg T10F sedan produced by Togg,[11] a Turkish automotive company which manufactures EVs[12][13][10]

The automotive industry is an important part of the economy since the late 1960s. The companies that operate in the sector are mainly located in the Marmara Region. With a cluster of car-makers and parts suppliers, the Turkish automotive sector has become an integral part of the global network of production bases, exporting over $22.94 billion worth of motor vehicles and components in 2008.[14][15]

Global car manufacturers with production plants include Fiat/Tofaş, Oyak-Renault, Hyundai, Toyota, Honda and Ford/Otosan. Turkish automotive companies like TEMSA, Otokar and BMC are among the world's largest van, bus and truck manufacturers. Togg is a new Turkish automotive company established in 2018 for producing EVs.[12][16] Togg's factory in Gemlik, Bursa Province, was inaugurated on 29 October 2022, the 99th anniversary of the Turkish Republic.[13]

Turkey's annual auto exports, including trucks and buses, surpassed 1 million units for the first time in 2016 as foreign automakers' investment in new models and a recovery in its mainstay European market lifted shipments. According to the industry group Automotive Manufacturers Association (OSD), Turkey-based car plants exported 1.14 million units in 2016, up 15% from the year before.[17] Auto exports hit a record high for the fourth straight year. Production grew 9% year on year in 2016 to 1.48 million units, setting a new record for the second consecutive year. Nearly 80% of vehicles produced in Turkey were exported.[18]

Multiple unit trains, locomotives and wagons

Istanbul Metro's M8 line is among the new lines with fully automated driverless trains and platform screen doors for increasing passenger safety.

TÜLOMSAŞ (1894), TÜVASAŞ (1951) and EUROTEM (2006) are among the major producers of multiple unit trains, locomotives and wagons in Turkey, including high-speed EMU and DMU models.

Bozankaya is a Turkish manufacturer of rolling stock including metro, tram and trolleybus vehicles in Ankara.

Defense industry

The TAI TF Kaan, a twin engine fifth generation air superiority fighter, completed its maiden flight on February 21, 2024.[19][20][21][22] TAI Anka-3, a flying wing type stealth UCAV, completed its maiden flight on December 28, 2023.[23][24][25]

Turkey has many modern armament manufacturers. Annual exports reached $1.6 billion in 2014.[26] MKEK, TAI, Aselsan, Roketsan, FNSS, Nurol Makina, Otokar, and Havelsan are major manufacturers. On 11 July 2002, Turkey became a Level 3 partner of the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) development program. TAI builds various aircraft types and models, such as the F-16 Fighting Falcon for the Turkish Air Force.[27] Turkey has recently launched domestically built new military/intelligence satellites including a 0.8m resolution reconnaissance satellite (Project Göktürk-1) for use by the Turkish Armed Forces and a 2m resolution reconnaissance satellite (Project Göktürk-2) for use by the Turkish National Intelligence Organization.

Other important products include the TAI TF Kaan stealth air superiority fighter, Tepe-class destroyer, Istanbul-class frigate, Ada-class corvette, Atılay-class submarine, TAI Anka-3 flying wing type stealth UCAV, Baykar MIUS Kızılelma UCAV, Baykar Akıncı HALE UCAV, Baykar Bayraktar TB2 MALE UCAV, Baykar Bayraktar TB3 carrier-based MALE UCAV, TAI Aksungur MALE UCAV, TAI Anka MALE UAV/UCAV, Aselsan İzci UGV, Altay main battle tank, T-155 Fırtına self-propelled howitzer, J-600T missile, T-129 attack helicopter, A400M, Roketsan UMTAS anti-tank missile, Roketsan Cirit laser-guided rocket, Panter howitzer, ACV-300, Otokar Cobra and Akrep, BMC Kirpi, FNSS Pars 6x6 and 8x8 APC, Nurol Ejder 6x6 APC, TOROS artillery rocket system, Bayraktar Mini UAV, ASELPOD, and SOM cruise missile.[28]

Steel-Iron industry

Turkey ranks 8th in the list of countries by steel production. In 2013, total steel production was 35.134 million tonnes.[29] Turkey's crude steel production reached a record high of 34.1 million tons in 2011.[30] Notable producers (above 2 million tonnes) and their ranks among top steel producing companies.[31]

  • Erdemir (7.1 million tonnes) (47th) (Only Erdemir-Turkey; Erdemir-Romania is not included)
  • Habaş (4.4 million tonnes) (72nd)
  • İçdaş (3.6 million tonnes) (76th)
  • Diler (2.3 million tonnes) (108th)
  • Çolakoğlu (2.1 million tonnes) (110th)

Construction and contracting sector

The Turkish construction and contracting industry is made up of a large number of businesses. In 2016 a total of 39 Turkish construction and contracting companies were listed in the Top 250 International Contractors List prepared by the Engineering News-Record.[32][33] From the beginning of the 1970s to the end of 2022, Turkish contractors have completed more than 11,605 projects in 133 countries.[34] Their business volume abroad has reached 472 billion US Dollars in 2022.[34]

IFC and the skyline of Ataşehir district on the Asian side of Istanbul. The construction sector plays an important role in Turkey's economy.

As Turkey is prone to strong earthquakes, the buildings that were constructed before the post-1999 safety standards and regulations remain a major concern, with many ongoing urban redevelopment and reconstruction projects, especially in large cities. In 2019, an amnesty plan to register illegally constructed buildings for generating extra tax revenues to the government brought in $3.1 billion, but the plan was criticized for ignoring safety issues.[35] The two major earthquakes on 6 February 2023 in southern Turkey have revealed that some of the recently built structures that collapsed were not constructed in accordance with the latest safety regulations.[36]

References

  1. ↑ "Turkey - Advanced Manufacturing". www.trade.gov. 2026-01-29. Retrieved 2026-07-26.
  2. ↑ Macguire, Gavin (6 February 2025). "Turkey's growing power pollution a sign of things to come". Reuters. Retrieved 2025-06-16.
  3. ↑ "Turkey's Industrial and Supply Chain Policy" (PDF).
  4. ↑ Michael Kuser. "The Unknown TV Giant". Bloomberg Businessweek. Archived from the original on 13 June 2006.
  5. ↑ Boulden, Jim (2005-01-17). "Turkey switches on to TV market". CNN. Archived from the original on 13 December 2020. Retrieved 2008-08-29.
  6. ↑ "The Export Performance of the Turkish Clothing Industry in 2006 Archived 2007-11-28 at the Wayback Machine," ITKIB
  7. ↑ "Türkiye Otomotiv Sanayi 2022". Otomotiv Sanayi Derneği. Retrieved 2023-12-06.
  8. ↑ "2021 Statistics | oica.net". oica.net. Retrieved 2022-08-26.
  9. ↑ Unveren, Burak (30 October 2022). "Turkey launches TOGG car, Erdogan's prestige project". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  10. 1 2 Dan Mihalascu (4 November 2022). "Turkey's National Carmaker Togg Starts Production Of 2023 C SUV EV". insideevs.com.
  11. ↑ "TOGG Official Website". togg.com.tr. Retrieved 3 April 2020.
  12. 1 2 Jay Ramey (30 December 2019). "Turkey Bets on EVs with the Pininfarina-Designed TOGG". autoweek.com. Archived from the original on 2 June 2022. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
  13. 1 2 "'A game changer': Türkiye inaugurates its first national car plant". TRT World. 30 October 2022.
  14. ↑ "Otomotiv İhracatı 2008'de 22 Milyar 944 Milyon Dolara Ulaştı". Haberler. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 2011-08-29.
  15. ↑ 29.08.2011 Pazartesi 15:58. "2008'de otomotiv ihracatı rekor kırdı". bankakredimnet. Archived from the original on 2017-03-13. Retrieved 2011-08-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  16. ↑ "TOGG Official Website". togg.com.tr. Retrieved 3 April 2020.
  17. ↑ Sano, Akihito (15 February 2017). "Turkish auto exports hit 1m for first time in 2016". Nikkei Asia. Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  18. ↑ "Turkish auto exports hit 1m for first time in 2016". Nikkei Asian Review.
  19. ↑ Joseph Trevithick (10 January 2023). "Unique Sensor Setup Emerges On Turkey's Stealthy New Fighter". twz.com.
  20. ↑ Joseph Trevithick (17 March 2023). "Our First Full Look At Turkey's New TF-X Stealthy Fighter". twz.com.
  21. ↑ Clément Charpentreau (21 February 2024). "Turkey's KAAN fifth-gen fighter jet conducts first test flight". Aerotime.
  22. ↑ Tony Osborne (7 May 2024). "Turkish Kaan Fighter Jet Makes Much-Anticipated Second Flight". Aviation Week.
  23. ↑ "Turkish Stealth Drone Makes Debut Flight After Years of Secrecy". Bloomberg. 29 December 2023.
  24. ↑ "Anka III achieves Türkiye's first internal weapons bay munition release with Tolun". tusas.com. Turkish Aerospace. 13 January 2025.
  25. ↑ "ANKA III Launches Tolun from Internal Bay for the First Time". TurDef.com. TurDef Global Defence News. 13 January 2025.
  26. ↑ "Savunma Sanayi İhracat Artışı, Türkiye Ortalamasının Dört Katından Fazla Oldu". Milliyet. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  27. ↑ "Turkey signs $1.78 bln deal to buy warplanes". Reuters. 11 May 2007.
  28. ↑ Roketsan. "Roketsan - SOM Stand-Off Missile". Roketsan. Retrieved 2026-06-18.
  29. ↑ "İstatıstıkler". Turkish Steel Exporters Association (in Turkish). Retrieved 2023-12-06.
  30. ↑ Turkish Steel Producers Association. "Turkish Steel Producers Association". dcud.org.tr. Archived from the original on 2014-01-09.
  31. ↑ Gözlem Gazetesi. "Gözlem Gazetesi". gozlemgazetesi.com. Archived from the original on 2011-11-04.
  32. ↑ "Turkish contractors rank second in world for ninth straight year". 26 August 2016. Retrieved 2018-08-19.
  33. ↑ "The Top 250 International Contractors". Enr.construction.com. 2016-08-24. Retrieved 2018-08-19.
  34. 1 2 "Turkish International Contracting Services, 1972-2022". Turkish Contractors Association. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  35. ↑ Caglayan, Birsen Altayli (26 February 2019). "Turkish cities could become 'graveyards' with building amnesty". Reuters. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  36. ↑ "Turkey-Syria earthquakes: deficiencies in building structures and construction shortcuts were main cause of casualties | University of Cambridge". www.cam.ac.uk. 2024-02-05. Retrieved 2024-09-14.
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