Hydrazinium chloride

Hydrazinium chloride
Names
IUPAC name
Diazanium chloride
Other names
  • Hydrazinium chloride[1]
  • Hydrazinium monochloride[1]
  • Hydrazine monohydrochloride[1]
  • Diazane hydrochloride[1]
  • Hydrazine hydrochloride[1]
  • Hydrazine hydrochloride (1:1)[1]
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ECHA InfoCard 100.018.323
EC Number
  • 220-154-4
UNII
  • InChI=1S/ClH.H4N2/c;1-2/h1H;1-2H2
    Key: BIVUUOPIAYRCAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • [NH3+]N.[Cl-]
Properties
[NH2NH3]Cl
Molar mass 68.50 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless hygroscopic crystalline solid[2][3]
Density 1.5 g/cm3[4]
Melting point 89 °C (192 °F; 362 K)[2][5]
Soluble[3]; 370 g/l at 20 °C (68 °F)[2]
Structure
Orthorhombic
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 May cause cancer[1], damage to the liver and kidneys[2]
GHS labelling:
GHS05: CorrosiveGHS06: ToxicGHS07: Exclamation markGHS08: Health hazardGHS09: Environmental hazard
Danger
H301, H310, H310+H330, H311, H314, H317, H330, H331, H341, H350, H410
P203, P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P318, P320, P321, P330, P333+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, P501
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
  • 126 mg/kg (rat, intraperitoneal)
  • 128 mg/kg (rat, oral)
  • 118 mg/kg (rat, intravenous)
  • 126 mg/kg (mouse, oral)
  • 122 mg/kg (mouse, intravenous)
  • [1]
Related compounds
Other anions
Other cations
Related compounds
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Hydrazinium chloride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula [NH2NH3]Cl or [N2H5]Cl. It is a colorless hygroscopic crystalline solid. It is the hydrazine salt of hydrogen chloride. It consists of hydrazinium cations [H2N−NH3]+ and chloride anions Cl−. It decomposes at 240 °C (464 °F), producing hydrogen chloride and nitrogen oxides.[2]

Synthesis

Hydrazinium chloride can be synthesized by the reaction of hydrazine and hydrogen chloride.[6]

H2N−NH2 + HCl → [H2N−NH3]+Cl−

Structure

Hydrazinium chloride has an orthorhombic crystal structure (a = 1249 pm, b = 2185 pm, c = 441 pm) with the space group Fdd2. The crystal of hydrazinium chloride obtained from an alcoholic solution are very fine needles parallel to the c axis.[4][7]

Hydrazinium chloride passes through several phase transitions at elevated pressures. The structure of phase I at room temperature and 1.8 GPa is confirmed to be space group C2/c. A structural transition from phase I to phase II is observed at 7.3 GPa. Pressure-induced position variation of hydrogen atoms in −NH+3 units during the phase transition is attributed to the formation of N―H···Cl hydrogen bonds. Finally, a further transition from phase II to phase III accompanied with a slight distortion in the hydrazinium ions occurs above 19.8 GPa. Phase III exists up to at least 39.5 GPa.[8]

Uses

Hydrazinium chloride is commonly used as a reagent in the synthesis of pyrazoles. It is used as a catalyst in the synthesis of titanium oxide polymers via catalytic sol-gel process, and in preparation of amorphous titanium dioxide thin films with high refractive indices and high transparency.[9]

Hydrazinium chloride is often used as a reducing agent in various chemical reactions and has uses in the preparation of other hydrazine derivatives. It is also used in the preparation of certain pharmaceuticals and as a reagent in analytical chemistry.[10]

Hydrazinium chloride can be used to synthesize energetic materials containing hydrazinium cation.[11][12]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 PubChem. "Hydrazinium chloride". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 23 April 2026.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 GESTIS-Stoffdatenbank. "Hydrazine hydrochloride". gestis.dguv.de. Retrieved 23 April 2026.
  3. 1 2 TCI. "Hydrazine Monohydrochloride". www.tcichemicals.com. Retrieved 23 April 2026.
  4. 1 2 Perry, Dale L. (19 April 2016). Handbook of Inorganic Compounds. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4398-1462-8.
  5. ↑ Sigma-Aldrich. "Hydrazine monohydrochloride". www.sigmaaldrich.com. Retrieved 23 April 2026.
  6. ↑ Bjerrum, Niels; Ebert, Ludwig (12 March 2013). Kurzes Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie. Springer. ISBN 978-3-642-91147-7.
  7. ↑ Sakurai, K.; Tomiie, Y. (1952). "The crystal structure of hydrazinium chloride, N2H5Cl". Acta Crystallographica. 5 (2): 293–294. Bibcode:1952AcCry...5..293S. doi:10.1107/S0365110X5200085X.
  8. ↑ Jiang, Shuqing; Duan, Defang; Li, Fangfei; Huang, Xiaoli; Yang, Xue; Li, Wenbo; Huang, Yanping; Bao, Kuo; Zhou, Qiang; Liu, Bingbing; Cui, Tian (2015). "The hydrogen-bond effect on the high pressure behavior of hydrazinium monochloride". Journal of Raman Spectroscopy. 46 (2): 266–272. Bibcode:2015JRSp...46..266J. doi:10.1002/jrs.4623.
  9. ↑ Sigma-Aldrich. "Hydrazine monohydrochloride". www.sigmaaldrich.com. Retrieved 23 April 2026.
  10. ↑ Cymit Quimica. "CAS 2644-70-4: Hydrazinium chloride". cymitquimica.com. Retrieved 23 April 2026.
  11. ↑ Zhang, Yanqiang; Parrish, Damon A.; Shreeve, Jean'ne M. (2012). "4-Nitramino-3,5-dinitropyrazole-Based Energetic Salts". Chemistry – A European Journal. 18 (3): 987–994. doi:10.1002/chem.201102773. PMID 22170699.
  12. ↑ Li, Hui; Zhao, Feng-Qi; Gao, Hong-Xu; Tong, Jun-Feng; Wang, Bo-Zhou; Zhai, Lian-Jie; Huo, Huan (2014). "Three energetic salts based on oxy-bridged bis(gem-dinitro) furazan: Syntheses, structures and thermal behaviors". Inorganica Chimica Acta. 423: 256–262. doi:10.1016/j.ica.2014.08.019.
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