Hyaenodontidae

Hyaenodontidae
Temporal range: Early Eocene to Early Miocene
skull of Hyaenodon horridus
skull of Cynohyaenodon cayluxi
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Infraclass: Placentalia
Order: †Hyaenodonta
Superfamily: †Hyaenodontoidea
Family: †Hyaenodontidae
Leidy, 1869[1]
Type genus
†Hyaenodon
Laizer & Parieu, 1838
Genera
[see text]
Synonyms
list of synonyms:
  • Hyaenodontida (Haeckel, 1895)
  • Hyaenodontoidea (Trouessart, 1885)

Hyaenodontidae ("hyena teeth") is a family of placental mammals in the extinct superfamily Hyaenodontoidea. Hyaenodontids arose during the early Eocene and persisted well into the late Miocene.[2][3] Fossils of this group have been found in Asia, North America and Europe.[4][5][6]

Classification and phylogeny

Taxonomy

  • Family: †Hyaenodontidae (Leidy, 1869)
    • Genus: †Boritia (Solé, 2014)
      • †Boritia duffaudi (Solé, 2014)
    • Genus: †Praecodens (Lange-Badré, 1981)
      • †Praecodens acutus (Lange-Badré, 1981)
    • Genus: †Preregidens (Solé, 2015)
      • †Preregidens langebadrae (Solé, 2015)
    • Genus: †Protoproviverra (Lemoine, 1891)
      • †Protoproviverra palaeonictides (Lemoine, 1880)
    • (unranked): †Cynohyaenodon/Quercytherium clade
      • Genus: †Cynohyaenodon (paraphyletic genus) (Filhol, 1873)
        • †Cynohyaenodon cayluxi (Filhol, 1873)
        • †Cynohyaenodon lautricensis (Lange-Badré, 1978)
        • †Cynohyaenodon ruetimeyeri (Van Valen, 1965)
        • †Cynohyaenodon smithae (Solé, 2021)
        • †Cynohyaenodon trux (Van Valen, 1965)
      • Genus: †Paracynohyaenodon (Martin, 1906)
        • †Paracynohyaenodon magnus (Crochet, 1988)
        • †Paracynohyaenodon schlosseri (Martin, 1906)
      • Genus: †Quercytherium (Filhol, 1880)
        • †Quercytherium simplicidens (Lange-Badré, 1975)
        • †Quercytherium tenebrosum (Filhol, 1880)
    • (unranked): †Eurotherium clade
      • Genus: †Alienetherium (Lange-Badré, 1981)
        • †Alienetherium buxwilleri (Lange-Badré, 1981)
      • Genus: †Cartierodon (Solé & Mennecart, 2019)
        • †Cartierodon egerkingensis (Solé & Mennecart, 2019)
      • Genus: †Eurotherium (paraphyletic genus) (Polly & Lange-Badré, 1993)
        • †Eurotherium mapplethorpei (Solé, 2021)
        • †Eurotherium matthesi (Lange-Badré & Haubold, 1990)
        • †Eurotherium theriodis (Van Valen, 1965)
      • Genus: †Paenoxyaenoides (Lange-Badré, 1979)
        • †Paenoxyaenoides liguritor (Lange-Badré, 1979)
      • Genus: †Prodissopsalis (Matthes, 1950)
        • †Prodissopsalis eocaenicus (Matthes, 1952)
        • †Prodissopsalis jimenezi (Salesa, 2023)
    • (unranked): †Leonhardtina clade
      • Genus: †Leonhardtina (Matthes, 1952)
        • †Leonhardtina godinoti (Solé, 2014)
        • †Leonhardtina gracilis (Matthes, 1952)
        • †Leonhardtina meridianum (Solé, 2020)
    • (unranked): †Matthodon clade
      • Genus: †Matthodon (Lange-Badré & Haubold, 1990)
        • †Matthodon menui (Rich, 1971)
        • †Matthodon peignei (Solé, 2020)
        • †Matthodon tritens (Lange-Badré & Haubold, 1990)
    • (unranked): †Oxyaenoides clade
      • Genus: †Oxyaenoides (Matthes, 1967)
        • †Oxyaenoides aumelasiensis (Solé, 2020)
        • †Oxyaenoides bicuspidens (Matthes, 1967)
        • †Oxyaenoides lindgreni (Rich, 1971)
        • †Oxyaenoides schlosseri (Rütimeyer, 1891)
    • Subfamily: †Hyaenodontinae (Leidy, 1869)
      • Genus: †Consobrinus (Lange-Badré, 1979)
        • †Consobrinus quercy (Lange-Badré, 1979)
      • Genus: †Propterodon (paraphyletic genus) (Martin, 1906)
        • †Propterodon morrisi (Matthew & Granger, 1924)
        • †Propterodon paganensis (de Bonis, 2018)
        • †Propterodon tongi (Liu & Huang, 2002)
        • †Propterodon witteri (Zack, 2019)
        • †Propterodon sp. [ZIN no. 34494] (Lavrov & Averianov, 1998)
        • †Propterodon sp. [Erlian Basin, Inner Mongolia, China] (Zhang, 2024)
      • Incertae sedis:
        • †"Pterodon" hyaenoides (Matthew & Granger, 1925)
      • Tribe: †Hyaenodontini (Leidy, 1869)
        • Genus: †Hyaenodon (Laizer & Parieu, 1838)
          • †Hyaenodon brachyrhynchus (Blainville, 1841)
          • †Hyaenodon chunkhtensis (Dashzeveg, 1985)
          • †Hyaenodon dubius (Filhol, 1873)
          • †Hyaenodon eminus (Matthew & Granger, 1925)
          • †Hyaenodon exiguus (Gervais, 1873)
          • †Hyaenodon filholi (Schlosser, 1887)
          • †Hyaenodon gervaisi (Martin, 1906)
          • †Hyaenodon heberti (Filhol, 1876)
          • †Hyaenodon leptorhynchus (Laizer & Parieu, 1838)
          • †Hyaenodon lingbaoensis (Li, 2025)
          • †Hyaenodon minor (Lange-Badré, 1979)
          • †Hyaenodon pervagus (Matthew & Granger, 1924)
          • †Hyaenodon pumilus (Lavrov, 1999)
          • †Hyaenodon requieni (Gervais, 1846)
          • †Hyaenodon rossignoli (Lange-Badré, 1979)
          • †Hyaenodon weilini (Wang, 2005)
          • †Hyaenodon yuanchuensis (Young, 1937)
          • †Hyaenodon sp. [Ergiliyn Dzo Formation, Dornogovi Province, Mongolia] (Young, 1937)
          • Subgenus: †Neohyaenodon (paraphyletic subgenus) (Thorpe, 1922)
            • †Hyaenodon gigas (Dashzeveg, 1985)
            • †Hyaenodon horridus (Leidy, 1853)
            • †Hyaenodon incertus (Dashzeveg, 1985)
            • †Hyaenodon macrocephalus (Lavrov, 1999)
            • †Hyaenodon megaloides (Mellett, 1977)
            • †Hyaenodon milvinus (Lavrov, 1999)
            • †Hyaenodon mongoliensis (Dashzeveg, 1964)
            • †Hyaenodon montanus (Douglass, 1902)
            • †Hyaenodon vetus (Stock, 1933)
          • Subgenus: †Protohyaenodon (paraphyletic subgenus) (Stock, 1933)
            • †Hyaenodon brevirostrus (Macdonald, 1970)
            • †Hyaenodon crucians (Leidy, 1853)
            • †Hyaenodon microdon (Mellett, 1977)
            • †Hyaenodon mustelinus (Scott, 1894)
            • †Hyaenodon raineyi (Gustafson, 1986)
            • †Hyaenodon venturae (Mellett, 1977)

References

  1. ↑ Leidy J. (1869.) "On the extinct Mammalia of Dakota and Nebraska: including an account of some allied forms from other localities, together with a synopsis of the mammalian remains of North America." Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia 7: 1–472.
  2. ↑ Solé, Floréal; Falconnet, Jocelyn; Yves, Laurent (24 July 2014). "New proviverrines (Hyaenodontida) from the early Eocene of Europe; phylogeny and ecological evolution of the Proviverrinae: Evolution of the Proviverrinae". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 171 (4): 878–917. doi:10.1111/zoj.12155. Retrieved 7 November 2024 – via Wiley Online Library.
  3. ↑ Mahmood, K.; Abbad, S. G.; Jasinski, S. E.; Babar, M. A.; Khan, M. A. (2026). "Hyaenodonta from the Middle to Late Miocene deposits of the Siwaliks of Pakistan with a brief account of Indian subcontinent hyaenodonts". PalZ. doi:10.1007/s12542-025-00766-5.
  4. ↑ "The Paleobiology Database Hyaenodontidae page". Archived from the original on 2012-10-12. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
  5. ↑ Lambert, David and the Diagram Group (1985): The Field Guide to Prehistoric Life. Facts on File Publications, New York. ISBN 0-8160-1125-7
  6. ↑ Solé, F.; Falconnet, J.; Yves, L. (2014). "New proviverrines (Hyaenodontida) from the early Eocene of Europe; phylogeny and ecological evolution of the Proviverrinae". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 171 (4): 878–917. doi:10.1111/zoj.12155.