Household responsibility system (1950s)
The household responsibility system was a rural reform spontaneously organized by farmers in Sichuan, Anhui, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Hebei and other places in the 1950s of China. It became part of the Three Freedoms and One Guarantee economic policy between 1960 and 1962, and was also the predecessor of the rural joint production contract responsibility system after the reform and opening up.[1][2][3][4] Among them, the reform of Liaoyuan Commune in Yongjia County, Zhejiang Province (now Guoxi Town, Ouhai District, Wenzhou City) was the most famous. Yongjia County is also considered to be the birthplace of the household contract responsibility system.[2][4]
History
Around 1955, agricultural collectivization movements were launched in Wenzhou and other places. Li Guimao, then secretary of the Yongjia County Party Committee, convened a meeting to discuss the implementation of the "household contract responsibility system". Ultimately, with half supporting and half opposing it, the decision was made to conduct the experiment in Liaoyuan Commune. After the experiment was successful, the "household contract responsibility system" was eventually promoted throughout Yongjia County.[2][4]
On 27 January 1957, the Zhejiang Daily published a special report entitled “Personal ‘Special Control’ and ‘Household Contract Responsibility’ are Good Ways to Solve the Main Contradictions in the Cooperative”. However, on 8 March, “Household Contract Responsibility” was suspended, and the Yongjia County Committee was reorganized: the person in charge, Li Guimao, was dismissed from his post; Li Yunhe was classified as a rightist, dismissed from his post, expelled from the Party and sent to the countryside for reform; many other cadres were implicated. In 1981, after being rehabilitated, Li Yunhe and others jointly reported to the higher authorities, requesting a re-evaluation of “Household Contract Responsibility”. In January 1982, the No. 1 Document of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party promoted the rural household contract responsibility system. The experiment of household contract responsibility also inspired the later Wenzhou model.[5][6][7]
References
- ↑ Niu, Wenxin. "家庭联产承包" [Household contract responsibility system]. People's Daily (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2025-02-07. Retrieved 21 April 2026.
- 1 2 3 魏众 (2021年). "从"责任田"实践到家庭承包制 ———基于安徽的考察" (PDF). 《中国经济史研究》. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-06-26 – via 中华人民共和国国史网.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|year=(help)CS1 maint: year (link) - ↑ 张海荣 (2015年). "20 世纪五六十年代毛泽东对"包产到户"的认识和态度" (PDF). 《毛泽东研究》. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-02-07.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|year=(help)CS1 maint: year (link) - 1 2 3 "第七章 风起云涌" [Chapter Seven: Turbulent Times]. People's Daily (in Chinese). 2014-05-14. Archived from the original on 2025-02-08. Retrieved 21 April 2026.
- ↑ "回顾：永嘉包产到户的艰难路途" [A Retrospective: The Arduous Journey of the Household Contract Responsibility System in Yongjia County]. news.66wz.com. Archived from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2020-06-29.
- ↑ Li, Yunhe (1987). "1956年永嘉包产到户纪实" [A Chronicle of the Household Contract Responsibility System in Yongjia, 1956]. Rural China Observation (2): 35–39.
- ↑ Chai, Xin; Zhu, Yuedong (2010). "永嘉包产到户与温州模式的关联分析" [A Correlation Analysis Between the Yongjia Household Contract Responsibility System and the Wenzhou Model]. Chinese Business Community (2): 198–199. Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2020-06-29.