Hoplobatrachus litoralis
| Hoplobatrachus litoralis | |
|---|---|
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| Lateral view | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Dicroglossidae |
| Genus: | Hoplobatrachus |
| Species: | H. litoralis |
| Binomial name | |
| Hoplobatrachus litoralis Hasan, Kuramoto, Islam, Alam, Khan, & Sumida, 2012 | |
Hoplobatrachus litoralis, commonly known as the Bangladesh coastal bullfrog, is a species of frog in the family Dicroglossidae. It is found in South Asia, parts of Southeast Asia, and China.[1]
Taxonomy
Hoplobatrachus litoralis was first collected in the coastal wetlands of the Cox's Bazar District in southeastern Bangladesh. Because it was found in a coastal area, it got the species name litoralis.[2]
For a long time, these frogs were assumed to be a subspecies of Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, which is also widely distributed across South Asia.[3] The DNA revealed a 3.2% to 14.2% genetic divergence from H. tigerinus. Then it was officially described and named Hoplobatrachus litoralis in a 2012 paper published in the journal Zootaxa.[3]
Description
Hoplobatrachus litoralis is a large species of frog. Adult males possess a snout-vent length ranging from 81.3 to 102.1 millimeters, whereas adult females are even larger, measuring between 83.2 and 121.3 millimeters in length.[2] Their heads are generally longer than they are wide.[4] Normally dark gray with large black spots,[5] their skin features thin longitudinal ridges and a thin, whitish mid-dorsal stripe running down the middle of their back.[6][7] They are characterized by distinct black bands crossing the nostrils, upper jaw margins, and the inner side of the upper arms.[2][8][9]
Distribution
Hoplobatrachus litoralis is distributed across West Bengal, Tripura, Mizoram, Manipur, Assam, and Arunachal Pradesh in India; Ukhia and Teknaf in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh; Rakhine State and Tanintharyi in Myanmar; Samtse District in Bhutan; and Yunnan in China.[1]
References
- 1 2 "Hoplobatrachus litoralis Hasan, Kuramoto, Islam, Alam, Khan, and Sumida, 2012". Amphibian Species of the World. Retrieved 2026-08-18.
- 1 2 3 "Hoplobatrachus litoralis". Amphibia Web. Retrieved 2026-08-18.
- 1 2 "A new species of genus Hoplobatrachus (Anura, Dicroglossidae) from the coastal belt of Bangladesh" (PDF). Zootaxa.
- ↑ "Hoplobatrachus litoralis - Freshwater Biodiversity Portal of Bangladesh". Freshwater Biodiversity Portal of Bangladesh. 2026-01-07. Archived from the original on 2026-05-13. Retrieved 2026-08-19.
- ↑ "Hoplobatrachus litoralis Hasan, Kuramoto, Islam, Alam, Khan & Sumida 2012". Plazi. Retrieved 2026-08-18.
- ↑ "First record of Hoplobatrachus litoralis Hasan, Kuramoto, Islam, Alam, Khan & Sumida, 2012 (Anura, Dicroglossidae) from China". Herpetozoa. Austrian Herpetological Society.
- ↑ "On the Distribution of Coastal Bull Frog Hoplobatrachus litoralis Hasan, Kuramoto, Islam, Alam, Khan and Sumida, 2012" (PDF). Asian Journal of Conservation Biology.
- ↑ Devi, Yumkham; Purkayastha, Jayaditya; Sengupta, Saibal (2026-07-08). "Larval description of Coastal bullfrog Hoplobatrachus litoralis (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from Manipur, India". Asian Journal of Conservation Biology. 15: 44–51. doi:10.53562/ajcb.87851.
- ↑ Lalremsanga, Hmar Tlawmte; Kundu, Shantanu; Kumar, Vikas; Biakzuala, Lal; Purkayastha, Jayaditya (2020-01-01). "DNA barcoding elucidates the new altitude record and range-extension of lesser-known bullfrog (Hoplobatrachus litoralis) in northeast India". Mitochondrial DNA Part B. 5 (3): 2668–2672. doi:10.1080/23802359.2020.1787259.