Holeylan and Zardalan

The Holeylan and Zardalan were a historical collection of tribes living in the regions around Holeylan and Zardalan in western Iran. The regions of Holeylan and Zardalan later became part of Ilam province. The tribes spoke Kurdish and Luri and mainly followed Shia Islam.

History

Historically, the Kurdish and Luri tribes of the regions of Holeylan and Zardalan were often collectively referred to as Holeylani and Zardalani.[1] Mehmed Hurşid Paşa, a member of the Russian-Ottoman-Persian border surveying commission from 1848 to 1852, mentioned the Holeylani tribes as Osmanwand, Jalalwand, Dajiyawand, Balawand, and Suramiri, and labelled them all as Feyli Kurds.[2] Mohammad Javadipour listed the tribes of Holeylan and Zardalan as Holeylan, Zardalan, Osmanvand, Jalalvand, Balavand, Kowsavand, and Dajivand.[3] Iraj Asfhar Sistani listed the tribes of Holeylan and Zardalan as the Balavand, Zardalani, Tarhani, Jalalvand, and Osmanvand, adding that they were entirely Shia Muslims.[4] Others generally listed the same tribes.[5] Jacques de Morgan described the tribes of Holeylan as "Laki Kurds" and distinguished them from the nearby community of "Feyli Lurs".[6] The Balavand, Zardalani, and Tarhani tribes historically lived close to the tribes of Tarhan in Lorestan, although within the Ilam province.[7] Holeylan, along with Harsin, were historically bordered by Luristan to the southwest, and were traditionally part of Kermanshah.[8] The Holeylan were considered an important Kurdish tribe to the southeast of Kermanshah.[9]

References

  1. ↑ "جلالوند | دائرةالمعارف بزرگ اسلامی | مرکز دائرةالمعارف بزرگ اسلامی". www.cgie.org.ir (in Persian). Archived from the original on 2025-06-24. Retrieved 2026-06-05.
  2. ↑ van Bruinessen, Martin. Faylis, Kurds and Lurs: Ambiguity on the Frontier of Iran and Iraq. An Overview of the Literature. pp. 8-9.
  3. ↑ مجموعۀ اطلاعات در بارۀ ايران و ایرانیان، محمد جوادی پور، pp. 594, 1985.
  4. ↑ ايلام و تمدن ديرينۀ آن، افشار سيستانى، ايرج، ١٩٩٣، ص. 400.
  5. ↑ مجموعۀ راهنماى جامع ايرانگردى، حسن زنده دل، 2000, pp. 37, ISBN 9789646635289.
  6. ↑ Mission scientifique en Perse, Volume 2, Études Géographiques, pp. 73, 234, Jacques de Morgan, Paris, 1895.
  7. ↑ "ʿAŠĀYER". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Retrieved 2026-06-05.
  8. ↑ Minorsky, V. (1986). "Luristān". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Lewis, B. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume V: Khe–Mahi. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 829–832. ISBN 978-90-04-07819-2.
  9. ↑ "KURDISH TRIBES". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Retrieved 2026-06-05.
This page is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.