Haplogroup C-M8
| Haplogroup C-M8 (C1a1) | |
|---|---|
_2017.png) Migration route of haplogroup C | |
| Possible time of origin | 41,900 YBP[1] 51,800 YBP[2] |
| Coalescence age | 11,650 YBP[3] 4,900 YBP[4] |
| Possible place of origin | Unknown |
| Ancestor | (Grandparent) Haplogroup C1 |
| Defining mutations | M8, M105, M131, P122 |
| Highest frequencies | Japanese people, Ryukyuans |
Haplogroup C-M8 also known as Haplogroup C1a1 is a Y-chromosome haplogroup. It is one of two branches of Haplogroup C1a, one of the descendants of Haplogroup C-M130.
It has been found in about 6% (2.3% to 16.7%) of modern males sampled in Japan and was traditionally considered to be a Y-DNA haplogroup descended from Jōmon people[6][7], though in recent years this assumption has been challenged[5], especially as all Y-DNA recovered from Jomon-period remains to date belongs to haplogroup D[8]. In academic sources, it may have been observed in one individual in a sample collected from South Korea[9] and in commercial testing in two individuals who have reported an origin in Liaoning province of China and four individuals who reported an origin in Korea.[4]
The MRCA with its sister haplogroup C-V20 dates back to 40,000[1] to 50,000[2] years ago. Diffusion of existing subtypes of C-M8 is estimated to have begun about 12,000 years ago[3], though commercial YDNA testing has given more recent estimates[4].
Frequency in Japan
Frequency in samples of Japanese from various regions:[7]
- Okinawa 9.0% (4.4%[10] - 16.7%[11])[12]
- Kagawa? 8.5%[13]
- Tokyo 7.1%[2]
- Miyazaki 6.5% (0/29 = 0% Misato to 2/8 = 25% Aya, or 28/291 = 9.6% Western Miyazaki, 22/349 = 6.3% Northern Miyazaki, 27/488 = 5.5% Central Miyazaki, 6/141 = 4.3% Southern Miyazaki)[14]
- Tokushima 6.3% (5.7%[15] - 10.0%[3])
- Osaka 6.2%[7]
- Fukuoka 5.9%[15]
- Kawasaki 5.6%[15]
- Shizuoka 4.9%[3]
- Sapporo 4.1% (3.4%[15] - 4.6%[15])
- Kanazawa 4.0% (3.4%[15] - 4.7%[15])
- Aomori 3.8% (2.5%[11] - 7.7%[3])
- Nagasaki 3.3%[15]
- Saga 2.3%[11]
History
Haplogroup C1a1 (M8) is mostly unique to the Japanese archipelago, and its migration route is enigmatic.[16]
References
- 1 2 Zhong, H; Shi, H; Qi, XB; et al. (July 2010). ""(July 2010). "Global distribution of Y-chromosome haplogroup C-M130 reveals the prehistoric migration routes of African exodus and early settlement in East Asia". J. Hum. Genet. 55 (7): 428–35. doi:10.1038/jhg.2010.40. PMID 20448651.
- 1 2 3 Poznik, G. David; Xue, Yali; Mendez, Fernando L.; et al. (June 2016). "Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences". Nature Genetics. 48 (6): 593–599. Bibcode:2016NaGen..48..593P. doi:10.1038/ng.3559. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-002A-F024-C. PMC 4884158. PMID 27111036.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Hammer, MF; Karafet, TM; Park, H; et al. (2006). "Dual origins of the Japanese: common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes". J. Hum. Genet. 51 (1): 47–58. doi:10.1007/s10038-005-0322-0. PMID 16328082.
- 1 2 3 YFull Haplogroup YTree v14.02 at 22 April 2026
- 1 2 Wang, Chuan-Chao; Li, Hui (2013). "Inferring human history in East Asia from Y chromosomes". Investigative Genetics. 4 (1): 11. doi:10.1186/2041-2223-4-11. PMC 3687582. PMID 23731529.
- ↑ Hammer, Michael F; Karafet, Tatiana M; Park, Hwayong; Omoto, Keiichi; Harihara, Shinji; Stoneking, Mark; Horai, Satoshi (2006). "Dual origins of the Japanese: common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes". Journal of Human Genetics. 51 (1): 47–58. doi:10.1007/s10038-005-0322-0. PMID 16328082.
- 1 2 3 Nakahori, Yutaka; Iwamoto, Teruaki; Yamauchi, Aiko; Ewis, Ashraf A.; Shinka, Toshikatsu; Sato, Youichi (2014). "Overview of genetic variation in the Y chromosome of modern Japanese males". Anthropological Science. 122 (3): 131–136. doi:10.1537/ase.140709. ISSN 0918-7960.
- ↑ Adachi, Noboru; Kanzawa-Kiriyama, Hideaki; Nara, Takashi; Kakuda, Tsuneo; Nishida, Iwao; Shinoda, Ken-Ichi (2021). "Ancient genomes from the initial Jomon period: new insights into the genetic history of the Japanese archipelago". Anthropological Science. 129 (1): 13–22. doi:10.1537/ase.2012132.
- ↑ Kim, Soon-Hee; Kim, Ki-Cheol; Shin, Dong-Jik; Jin, Han-Jun; Kwak, Kyoung-Don; Han, Myun-Soo; Song, Joon-Myong; Kim, Won; Kim, Wook (2011). "High frequencies of Y-chromosome haplogroup O2b-SRY465 lineages in Korea: A genetic perspective on the peopling of Korea". Investigative Genetics. 2 (1): 10. doi:10.1186/2041-2223-2-10. PMC 3087676. PMID 21463511.
- ↑ Tajima, Atsushi; Hayami, Masanori; Tokunaga, Katsushi; Juji, T; Matsuo, M; Marzuki, S; Omoto, K; Horai, S (2004). "Genetic origins of the Ainu inferred from combined DNA analyses of maternal and paternal lineages". Journal of Human Genetics. 49 (4): 187–193. doi:10.1007/s10038-004-0131-x. PMID 14997363.
- 1 2 3 Shoji Totsuka, The Super Science High School Consortium, Youichi Sato, and Masashi Tanaka, "A study of the geographic distribution of Y chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA haplogroups in Japanese population by Super Science High School Consortium (SSH)." Anthropological Science (Japanese Series) Vol. 124(2), 85–91, 2016.
- ↑ Nonaka, I; Minaguchi, K; Takezaki, N (2007). "Y-chromosomal binary haplogroups in the Japanese population and their relationship to 16 Y-STR polymorphisms". Ann. Hum. Genet. 71 (4): 480–95. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2006.00343.x. hdl:10130/491. PMID 17274803.
- ↑ Xue, Yali; Zerjal, Tatiana; Bao, Weidong; Zhu, Suling; Shu, Qunfang; Xu, Jiujin; Du, Ruofu; Fu, Songbin; Li, Pu; Hurles, Matthew E.; Yang, Huanming; Tyler-Smith, Chris (2005). "Male Demography in East Asia: A North–South Contrast in Human Population Expansion Times". Genetics. 172 (4): 2431–2439. doi:10.1534/genetics.105.054270. PMC 1456369. PMID 16489223.
- ↑ Nohara, Hirofumi; Maeda, Ikuko; Hisazumi, Rinnosuke; Uchiyama, Taketo; Hirashima, Hiroko; Nakata, Masahito; Rika, Ohno; Hasegawa, Tetsuro; Shimizu, Kenshi (2021). "Geographic distribution of Y-STR haplotypes and Y-haplogroups among Miyazaki Prefecture residents". Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology. 26 (1): 17–27. doi:10.3408/jafst.778.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Sato, Youichi; Shinka, Toshikatsu; Ewis, Ashraf A.; Yamauchi, Aiko; Iwamoto, Teruaki; Nakahori, Yutaka (2014). "Overview of genetic variation in the Y chromosome of modern Japanese males". Anthropological Science. 122 (3): 131–136. doi:10.1537/ase.140709.
- ↑ Wang, Chuan-Chao; Li, Hui (3 June 2013). "Inferring human history in East Asia from Y chromosomes". Investigative Genetics. 4 (1): 11. doi:10.1186/2041-2223-4-11. PMC 3687582. PMID 23731529.
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