Hantaviridae
| Hantaviridae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Transmission electron micrograph of Sin Nombre virus | |
Virus classification  | |
| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Riboviria |
| Kingdom: | Orthornavirae |
| Phylum: | Negarnaviricota |
| Class: | Bunyaviricetes |
| Order: | Elliovirales |
| Family: | Hantaviridae |
| Subfamilies and genera | |
|
See text | |
Hantaviridae is a family of negative-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses in the order Elliovirales.[1][2] Unlike other members of the Bunyavirales, hantaviruses are not spread by biting insects, and instead persistently infect rodent hosts without ill-effect.[3]
It is named for the Hantan River area in South Korea where an early outbreak was observed.[4]
Impact
Hantaviruses are estimated to impact approximately 200,000 people annually worldwide and are responsible for causing two acute febrile illnesses in humans: Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.[2][5][6]
There are currently no licensed treatments or vaccinations available for hantavirus, however, multiple drugs have been shown to improve survival rates, including lactoferrin, ribavirin, favipiravir and vandetanib.[2]
Human infection with hantaviruses typically arises from exposure to virus-contaminated aerosols or contact with infected rodents, the natural host of the virus.[3][5] The only known exception to this is the Andes virus, the only hantavirus where person-to-person transmission has been recorded.[5]
Taxonomy
The family contains the following subfamilies and genera (-virinae denotes subfamily and -virus denotes genus):[7]
- Actantavirinae
- Actinovirus
- Percilovirus
- Agantavirinae
- Agnathovirus
- Mammantavirinae
- Loanvirus
- Mobatvirus
- Orthohantavirus
- Thottimvirus
- Repantavirinae
- Reptillovirus
Hantavirus outbreaks
In the past century, there have been two major hantavirus outbreaks: the first was during the Korean War (1950–1953), where 3,000 US troops were affected. The second outbreak was documented in the Four Corners area of the United States in 1993.[2][5]
Hantaviridae were involved in the 2026 MV Hondius hantavirus outbreak.[8]
References
- ↑ "History of the taxon: Family: Hantaviridae (2024 Release, MSL #40)". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 17 March 2025.
- 1 2 3 4 Afzal, Samia; Ali, Liaqat; Batool, Anum; Afzal, Momina; Kanwal, Nida; Hassan, Muhammad; Safdar, Muhammad; Ahmad, Atif; Yang, Jing (2023). "Hantavirus: an overview and advancements in therapeutic approaches for infection". Frontiers in Microbiology. 14 1233433. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1233433. ISSN 1664-302X. PMC 10601933. PMID 37901807.
- 1 2 Hart, C. A.; Bennett, M. (1999-12-01). "Hantavirus infections: epidemiology and pathogenesis". Microbes and Infection. 1 (14): 1229–1237. doi:10.1016/S1286-4579(99)00238-5. ISSN 1286-4579. PMID 10580279.
- ↑ "ICTV 9th Report (2011) Bunyaviridae". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Archived from the original on 11 December 2018. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
Hanta: from Hantaan, river in South Korea near where type virus was isolated.
- 1 2 3 4 Tian, Huaiyu; Stenseth, Nils Chr (2019). "The ecological dynamics of hantavirus diseases: From environmental variability to disease prevention largely based on data from China". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 13 (2) e0006901. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006901. ISSN 1935-2735. PMC 6383869. PMID 30789905.
- ↑ Vial, Pablo A.; Ferrés, Marcela; Vial, Cecilia; Klingström, Jonas; Ahlm, Clas; López, René; Corre, Nicole Le; Mertz, Gregory J. (2023-09-01). "Hantavirus in humans: a review of clinical aspects and management". The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 23 (9): e371–e382. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00128-7. ISSN 1473-3099. PMID 37105214.
- ↑ "Virus Taxonomy: 2024 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 17 March 2025.
- ↑ "Hantavirus cluster linked to cruise ship travel, Multi-country". www.who.int. Retrieved 2026-05-07.