Hamilton Quarry

Hamilton Quarry
Stratigraphic range: ~
TypeLagerstätte
Location
Locationnear Hamilton, Kansas
Coordinates37°58′49″N 96°6′50″W / 37.98028°N 96.11389°W / 37.98028; -96.11389
CountryUnited States

Hamilton Quarry is a Late Carboniferous lagerstätte near Hamilton, Kansas, United States. It has a diverse assemblage of unusually well-preserved marine, euryhaline, freshwater, flying, and terrestrial fossils (invertebrates, vertebrates, and plants).[1] The habitat of some of these faunal elements, as for anamniotic stegocephalians, is debated; although some of these have traditionally been interpreted as freshwater inhabitants,[2] some may have been euryhaline.[3][4] This extraordinary mix of fossils suggests it was once an estuary.[5] This type of Lagerstätte is considered a Konservat-Lagerstätte (or conservation lagerstätte), due to the quality the preservation of soft tissue (skin preservation).

The lagerstätte occurs within a paleovalley that was incised into the surrounding Carboniferous cyclothemic sequence during a time of low sea level and was then filled in during a subsequent transgression. The channel has a capping series of interbedded laminated limestones and mudstones for which are designated the Lagerstätte beds or ‘vertebrate horizon’. This facies contains a well-preserved mixed assemblage of terrestrial (conifers, insects, myriapods, reptiles), freshwater (ostracods), aquatic (amphibians, reptile), brackish or euryhaline (ostracods, eurypterids, microconchids, fish), and marine (brachiopods, echinoderms) fossils.

Paleobiota

According to thesis[6]

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
 Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Vertebrates

Vertebrates
Genus Species Notes Images
Orthacanthus O. platypternus[7] Elasmobranch in order Xenacanthida.
Expleuracanthus E. cf. E. parallelus
Xenacanthus Indeterminate
Hamiltonichthys H. mapesi A Hybodont elasmobranch.
Petalodus Indeterminate A petalodont holocephalian.
Acanthodes A. bridgei An acanthodiform acanthodian.
Elonichthys Indeterminate A palaeonisciform actinopterygian.
"Feroniscus" "F. hamiltoni"/"F. hamiltonensis" A palaeonisciform actinopterygian, nomen nudum (Only described in thesis).
Gnathorhiza Indeterminate A lungfish.
Sagenodus S. cf. copeanus
Eoscopus E. lockardi An amphibamiform temnospondyl.
Euconcordia E. cunninghami[8][9] A captorhinid.
Spinoaequalis S. schultzei[10] An early semi-aquatic diapsid.
Archaeovenator A. hamiltonensis A varanopid.
Eocasea E. martini A caseid synapsid.
Ianthasaurus I. cf. I. hardestii/hardestiorum An edaphosaurid synapsid.
?Lupeosaurus Indeterminate

Arthropods

Arthropods
Genus Species Notes Images
Prothelyphonus Indeterminate A whip scorpion.
Archaeoctonus[11] A. cf. A. glaber A scorpion. Multiple papers misspelled as Archaeoctonous.[1][5]
Adelophthalmus A. cf. A. mazonensis An adelophthalmid eurypterid.
Amphissites Indeterminate Ostracod.
Geisina
Gutschickia
Bairdia
Pseudobythocypris
Carbonita
Darwinula
Paromylacris A roachoid.
Oedischia An orthopteran.
Meganeura Meganisopteran.
Titanophasma
Carrizopteryx A palaeodictyopteran.

Mollusks

Mollusks
Genus Species Notes Images
Anthraconaia Indeterminate Myalinid bivalve.
Myalinella M. meeki
Permophorus Indeterminate A cardiid bivalve.
Phestia Indeterminate A nuculanid bivalve.
Schizodus Indeterminate A trigoniid bivalve.
Bellerophon Indeterminate Bellerophontid gastropod.
Euphemites Indeterminate

Other animals

Other animals
Genus Species Notes Images
Streptognathodus Indeterminate An ozarkodinid conodont.
Apographiocrinus A. cf. calycinus Dendrocrinid crinoid.
Delocrinus D. cf. vulatus
Plaxocrinus P. cf. crassidiscus
Serpula Indeterminate Annelid in order Canalipalpata.
Spirorbis Indeterminate
Punctospirifer Indeterminate Spiriferid brachiopod.
Neospirifer Indeterminate
Juresania Indeterminate Productid brachiopod.
Antiquatonia Indeterminate
Kozlowskia Indeterminate
Neochonetes Indeterminate

Lycophytes and ferns

Lycophytes and ferns
Genus Species Notes Images
Sigillaria S. brardii A tree-like lycophyte.
Asterophyllites A. equisetiformis, A. longiformis Equisetid fern.
Annularia A. mucronata
Paleostachya P. sp.

Seed ferns

Seed ferns
Genus Species Notes Images
Sphenopteris S. cf. S. germanica A seed fern.
"Callipteris" C. conferta, C. flabellifora, C. scheibei A seed fern in order Peltaspermales.
Cyclopteris Indeterminate Seed plant in order Medullosales.
Neuropteris N. sp. (two species)
Odontopteris Indeterminate
Trigonocarpus Indeterminate A seed fern seed.

Gymnosperms

Gymnosperms
Genus Species Notes Images
Cordaites C. principalis Gymnosperm in order Cordaitales.
Cordaianthus C. cf. pitcairniae
Samaropsis S. fluitans
Emporia E. cryptica, E. lockardii, E. royalii Conifer in order Voltziales.
Hanskerpia H. hamiltonensis
Barthelia B. furcata
Gomphostrobus Indeterminate Conifer in order Voltziales, stem and leaf.
Walchia W. hypnoides, W. piniformis, W. schneideri Conifer in order Voltziales, leaves.
Walchianathus Indeterminate Conifer in order Voltziales, male cone.
Walchiastrobus Indeterminate Conifer in order Voltziales, female cone.

Spores and Pollen

Gymnosperms
Genus Species Notes Images
Leiotriletes L. sp. Spore microfossils.
Calamospora C. sp.
Triletes T. sp.
Acanthoriletes A. teretriangulatus
Nuskoisporites N. trianguloris Pollen microfossils.
Potoniesporites P. gtranulatus, P. neglectus
Sulcatisporites S. splendens, S. sp.
Protohaploxypinus P. samoilocichii
Striatopodocarpites S. sp (Two species)
Hamiapollenites H. perisporites, H. succatus
Striatoabitites S. multistriatus, S. sp.
Alisporites A. indarraensis, A. gracilis, A. nuthalensis
Falcisporites F. zapfei
Limitisporites L. sp.
Lueckisporites L. vickkiae
Striatites S. splendens
Vittatina V. cf. V. subsuccata, V. cf. V. verrucosa

Fuslinids

Fuslinids
Genus Species Notes Images
Globivalvulina Indeterminate Fusulinid in family Biseriamminidae.
Dunbarinella D. ervinensis Fusulinid in family Schwagerinidae.
Triticites T. cullomensis, T. plummeri, T. ventricosus

References

  1. 1 2 Cunningham, Christopher R. (1993). "Hamilton Fossil-Lagerstätte (Upper Pennsylvanian, Greenwood County, Kansas): Internal Stratigraphy and Addition to the Microfossil Assemblage". Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. 96 (1/2): 131–139. doi:10.2307/3628324. ISSN 0022-8443. JSTOR 3628324.
  2. ↑ Gray, Jane (1 January 1988). "Evolution of the freshwater ecosystem: The fossil record". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 62 (1): 1–214. Bibcode:1988PPP....62....1G. doi:10.1016/0031-0182(88)90054-5. ISSN 0031-0182.
  3. ↑ Schultze, Hans-Peter; Maples, Christopher G.; Cunningham, Christopher R. (January 1993). "The Hamilton Konservat-Lagerstätte: Stephanian terrestrial biota in a marginal-marine setting". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 84 (3–4): 443–451. Bibcode:1993EESTR..84..443S. doi:10.1017/S0263593300006246. ISSN 1755-6929.
  4. ↑ Laurin, Michel (30 December 2024). "Habitat of early stegocephalians (Chordata, Vertebrata, Sarcopterygii): a little saltier than most paleontologists like?". Fossil Record. 27 (3): 299–332. doi:10.3897/fr.27.123291. ISSN 2193-0074.
  5. 1 2 Cunningham, Christopher R.; Feldman, Howard R.; Franseen, Evan K.; Gastaldo, Robert A.; Mapes, Gene; Maples, Christopher G.; Schultze, Hans-Peter (1993). "The Upper Carboniferous Hamilton Fossil-Lagerstätte in Kansas: a valley-fill, tidally influenced deposit". Lethaia. 26 (3): 225–236. Bibcode:1993Letha..26..225C. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1993.tb01524.x. ISSN 0024-1164.
  6. ↑ Wehrbein, Randol (2017-05-12). Comparisons of Paleoenvironments, Taxa, and Taphonomy of the Late Carboniferous Garnett and Hamilton Quarry Localities, Eastern Kansas (Thesis thesis).
  7. ↑ Beck, Kimberly; Soler-Gijon, Rodrigo; Carlucci, Jesse; Willis, Raymond (2014). "Morphology and histology of dorsal spines of the xenacanthid shark Orthacanthus platypternus from the Lower Permian of Texas, USA: palaeobiological and palaeoenvironmental implications". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. doi:10.4202/app.00126.2014. ISSN 0567-7920.
  8. ↑ Müller, Johannes; Reisz, Robert R. (1 January 2005). "An early captorhinid reptile (Amniota, Eureptilia) from the Upper Carboniferous of Hamilton, Kansas". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 25 (3): 561–568. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0561:AECRAE]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0272-4634.
  9. ↑ Reisz, Robert; Haridy, Yara; Müller, Johannes (9 November 2016). "Euconcordia nom. nov., a replacement name for the captorhinid eureptile Concordia Müller and Reisz, 2005 (non Kingsley, 1880), with new data on its dentition". Vertebrate Anatomy Morphology Palaeontology. 3. doi:10.18435/B53W22. ISSN 2292-1389.
  10. ↑ deBraga, Michael; Reisz, Robert R. (1995). "A new diapsid reptile from the uppermost Carboniferous (Stephanian) of Kansas". Palaeontology. 38 (1): 199-212.
  11. ↑ Kjellesvig-Waering, E. N. (1986). "A restudy of the fossil Scorpionida of the world". Palaeontographica Americana. 55: 1–287.
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