Gypenoside

Gypenosides are triterpenoid saponins and are the main active components of Gynostemma pentaphyllum, a climbing plant in the family Cucurbitaceae.[1] They have been traditionally used in herbal medicine and have been shown to be effective in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, although their mechanism of action is unknown.[2]

Gypenosides can be divided into two main structural families, the dammarane-type and the cucurbitane-type. The dammarane-type saponins include compounds that are identical to those found in ginseng (ginsenosides Rb1, Rb3, F2, Rg3, Rc, Rd, malonyl-Rb1, and malonyl-Rd) as well as those that are chemically similar.[3] As a result there is some interest in exploiting Gynostemma as a more scalable source of ginsenosides.[4]

Some gypenosides are sweet-tasting, with one being 200 times as sweet as sucrose. Some other gypenosides are bitter-tasting. Both contribute to the taste of the plant.[5]

Gypenoside A has the chemical formula C46H74O17. It has a dammarane backbone attached to a chain of three sugars at the C-3 position.[6]

Gypenoside XVII differs from ginsenoside Rb1 by the removal of an outer glucose group. Beta-glucosidase treatment converts the latter into the former.[7]

References

  1. ↑ Lu, Kung-Wen; Chen, Jung-Chou; Lai, Tung-Yuan; Yang, Jai-Sing; Weng, Shu-Wen; Ma, Yi-Shih; Tang, Nou-Ying; Lu, Pei-Jung; Weng, Jing-Ru; Chung, Jing-Gung (2010-05-01). "Gypenosides Causes DNA Damage and Inhibits Expression of DNA Repair Genes of Human Oral Cancer SAS Cells". In Vivo. 24 (3): 287–291. ISSN 0258-851X. PMID 20555000. Retrieved 2018-07-14.
  2. ↑ Tanner, MA; Bu, X; Steimle, JA; Myers, PR (1999). "The direct release of nitric oxide by gypenosides derived from the herb Gynostemma pentaphyllum". Nitric Oxide. 3 (5): 359–365. doi:10.1006/niox.1999.0245. PMID 10534439.
  3. ↑ Su, C.; Li, N.; Ren, R.; Wang, Y.; Su, X.; Lu, F.; Zong, R.; Yang, L.; Ma, X. (2021), "Progress in the Medicinal Value, Bioactive Compounds, and Pharmacological Activities of Gynostemma pentaphyllum", Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 26 (20): 6249, doi:10.3390/molecules26206249, PMC 8540791, PMID 34684830
  4. ↑ Liang, Tongtong; Zou, Liqiu; Sun, Sijie; Kuang, Xuejun; Wei, Jianhe; Wang, Lizhi; Li, Ying; Sun, Chao (December 2019). "Hybrid sequencing of the Gynostemma pentaphyllum transcriptome provides new insights into gypenoside biosynthesis". BMC Genomics. 20 (1) 632. doi:10.1186/s12864-019-6000-y. PMC 6683540. PMID 31382891.
  5. ↑ Zhang, Hong-Xia; Zhou, Hui-Wei; Liu, Shou-Qing; Zheng, Zhi-Feng; Du, Zhi-Zhi (21 August 2024). "New Sweet-Tasting Gypenosides from "Jiaogulan" ( Gynostemma pentaphyllum ) and Their Interactions with the Homology Model of Sweet Taste Receptors". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 72 (33): 18619–18629. Bibcode:2024JAFC...7218619Z. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03566. PMID 39105697.
  6. ↑ Pubchem. "Gypenoside A". Retrieved 2026-04-22.
  7. ↑ Zhou, Kailu; Zhang, Yangyang; Zhou, Yikai; Xu, Minghao; Yu, Shanshan (9 October 2023). "Production of Gypenoside XVII from Ginsenoside Rb1 by Enzymatic Transformation and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activity In Vitro and In Vivo". Molecules. 28 (19): 7001. doi:10.3390/molecules28197001. PMC 10574100. PMID 37836844.
This page is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.