Glossina pallicera
| Glossina pallicera | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Clade: | Pancrustacea |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Glossinidae |
| Genus: | Glossina |
| Species: | G. pallicera |
| Binomial name | |
| Glossina pallicera Bigot, 1891 | |
 | |
| Geographic distribution of Glossina pallicera as reported in scientific papers – Publication period 1990–2020 | |
Glossina pallicera is one of the 23 recognized species of tsetse flies (genus Glossina), it belongs to the riverine/palpalis group (subgenus Nemorhina).
Taxonomy
Two subspecies of G. pallicera are recognized:
- Glossina pallicera pallicera Bigot, 1891
- Glossina pallicera newsteadi Austen, 1929
Distribution
Glossina pallicera was known to be present in twelve countries in western Africa and central Africa; Côte d'Ivoire,[1] Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria and Sierra Leone in western Africa and Angola, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Gabon in central Africa.[2][3] However, in the peer-reviewed scientific literature for the period 1990–2020, data on its occurrence was only available for four countries (i.e. Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Gabon and Nigeria).[4] The two subspecies are believed to be geographically separated.[4]
Glossina pallicera newsteadi
Glossina pallicera newsteadi occupies the eastern part of the distribution of Glossina pallicera, from eastern Cameroon and Gabon to Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.[2][3] In the peer-reviewed scientific literature for the period 1990–2020, G. pallicera newsteadi was only reported from Gabon,[4] and in particular from the Ivindo National Park and the Moukalaba-Doudou National Park,[5] and from the Atlantic coast in the Canton Océan.[6] Very limited entomological surveys were carried out in the other areas and countries where the subspecies was known to occur.[4]
Glossina pallicera pallicera
Glossina pallicera pallicera occupies the western part of the distribution of Glossina pallicera, from Sierra Leone to western Cameroon.[2][3] In the peer-reviewed scientific literature for the period 1990–2020,[4] G. pallicera pallicera was reported from Côte d'Ivoire (areas of Daloa,[7][8] and Sinfra[9]), and more extensively in 2026,[1] in Cameroon (sleeping sickness endemic areas of Campo and Bipindi) and in Nigeria (Niger Delta Region).[10] No published record of occurrence is available for 1990–2020 from Ghana, Guinea, Liberia or Sierra Leone.[4]
References
- 1 2 Coulibaly, Kinifo Donatien; Berté, Djakaridja; Coulibaly, Bamoro; Kallo, Vessaly; Ta, Bi Tra Dieudonné; Djabo, Kouassi Albert; Konan, Yao Jean Rodrigue; Egnankon, Nick Steven; Diarrassouba, Foungniguée; Kouadio, Koffi Alain De Marie; Traoré, Gabehonron; Traoré, Hintchimbelwele Fabrice; Adingra, Guy Pacôme; Ouattara, Aboubacar Adama; Bamba, Kalo Lacine (2026). "A national atlas of the distribution of tsetse flies in Côte d'Ivoire". Acta Tropica. 278 108101. doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2026.108101. ISSN 0001-706X.
- 1 2 3 Ford, J. & Katondo, K.M. 1977. The Distribution of Tsetse Flies in Africa (3 Maps). Nairobi, Organization of African Unity, Hammond & Kell.
- 1 2 3 Moloo, S. K. (1993-08-01). "The Distribution of Glossina Species in Africa and Their Natural Hosts". International Journal of Tropical Insect Science. 14 (4): 511–527. doi:10.1017/S1742758400014211. ISSN 1742-7592.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cecchi, G.; Paone, M.; de Gier, J.; Zhao, W. (2024). The continental atlas of the distribution of tsetse flies in Africa. PAAT Technical and Scientific Series, No. 12. Rome: FAO. doi:10.4060/cd2022en. ISBN 978-92-5-139040-5.
- ↑ Essono, Paul Yannick Bitome; Dechaume-Moncharmont, François-Xavier; Mavoungou, Jacques; Mba, Régis Obiang; Duvallet, Gérard; Bretagnolle, François (2015). "Distribution and abundance of hematophagous flies (Glossinidae, Stomoxys, and Tabanidae) in two national parks of Gabon". Parasite. 22: 23. doi:10.1051/parasite/2015023. ISSN 1776-1042. PMC 4506487. PMID 26187781.
- ↑ Tongué, L. Kohagne; Kamkuimo, R. Gounoue; M'eyi, P. Mengue; Kaba, D.; Louis, F. J.; Mimpfoundi, R. (2011-11-01). "Enquête entomologique dans le foyer historique de trypanosomose humaine africaine de Bendjé (Gabon)". Parasite (in French). 18 (4): 303–309. doi:10.1051/parasite/2011184303. ISSN 1252-607X. PMC 4897732. PMID 22091460.
- ↑ McNamara, J. J.; Laveissière, C.; Masiga, D. K. (1995-05-01). "Multiple trypanosome infections in wild tsetse in Côte d'Ivoire detected by PCR analysis and DNA probes". Acta Tropica. 59 (2): 85–92. doi:10.1016/0001-706X(94)00087-H. ISSN 0001-706X.
- ↑ Fournet, F.; Koné, A.; Traoré, S.; Hervouët, J. P. (1999). "Heterogeneity in the risk of sleeping sickness in coffee and cocoa commercial plantations in Ivory Coast". Medical and Veterinary Entomology. 13 (3): 333–335. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2915.1999.00164.x. ISSN 1365-2915.
- ↑ Masiga, D. K.; McNamara, J. J.; Laveissière, C.; Truc, P.; Gibson, W. C. (January 1996). "A high prevalence of mixed trypanosome infections in tsetse flies in Sinfra, Côte d'Ivoire, detected by DNA amplification". Parasitology. 112 (1): 75–80. doi:10.1017/S0031182000065094. ISSN 1469-8161.
- ↑ Ogedegbe, ABO; Rotimi, J (2006). "A survey of Tsetse flies (Glossina spp) in the Niger Delta area, southern Nigeria". African Journal of Environment, Pollution and Health. 5 (1): 68–73.