Giovanni Maria da Crema
Giovanni Maria da Crema | |
|---|---|
| Born | c. 1492 Crema (uncertain), Lombardy, Italy |
| Died | after 1548 (traditionally c. 1550) |
| Occupations | Composer, lutenist |
| Era | Renaissance |
| Notable work | Ricercars (c. 15 surviving) |
Giovanni Maria da Crema (c. 1492 – 1550) was an Italian Renaissance lutenist and composer active in northern Italy during the first half of the 16th century. He is regarded as one of the most important early composers of lute ricercars in Italy, second in reputation only to Francesco da Milano among his contemporaries.[1]
Biography
Very little is known about his life. He was probably born in Crema (Lombardy), as suggested by his surname da Crema, which appears in contemporary sources in Latinised form as Cremensis.[1] His birth is generally placed in the late 15th century, around 1492.[2]
He is believed to have been active in northern and central Italy, particularly in Venice and other musical centres, although surviving documentation is fragmentary and does not allow a continuous reconstruction of his career.[1]
He was associated with the circle of Francesco Canova da Milano, one of the leading lutenists of the Renaissance,[1] and is last documented in the 1540s, thus his death is usually placed shortly after 1550.[2]
Works
Giovanni Maria da Crema was described by contemporaries as an eccellentissimo sonatore (“most excellent player”).[1]
His surviving output consists mainly of lute music, especially ricercars and intabulations of vocal works. Around fifteen ricercars are attributed to him, representing some of the earliest significant examples of the genre in Italy.[1]
Two major printed collections were published in Venice in 1546:
- Intabolatura de lauto di recercari, canzon francese, motetti, madrigali, padoane e saltarelli (Venice: Antonio Gardano, 1546)
- Intabolatura di lauto (Libro terzo, Venice, 1546)
These include intabulations of works by Josquin des Prez, Adrian Willaert, Clément Janequin, and Philippe Verdelot. His music circulated widely in printed anthologies during and after his lifetime, indicating a significant contemporary reputation.[1]
Style and Significance
Da Crema's music reflects the early development of Italian lute polyphony. His ricercars combine imitative counterpoint with idiomatic lute writing, alternating structured polyphonic sections with freer, improvisatory passages. His intabulations reflect the Renaissance practice of adapting vocal polyphony for solo lute performance. He is considered an important figure in the early Italian lute school alongside Francesco da Milano and Marco Dall’Aquila.[1]
Notability
Da Crema is included in major musicological reference works and is the author of several surviving printed collections of lute music.
References
Sources
- Brown, Howard Mayer (1965). Instrumental Music Printed Before 1600: A Bibliography. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Chilesotti, Oscar (1902). "Note circa alcuni liutisti italiani della prima metà del Cinquecento". Rivista Musicale Italiana.
- Smith, Douglas Alton (2002). A History of the Lute from Antiquity to the Renaissance. Lute Society of America.
- Wilson, Christopher (1996). Dall’Aquila / da Crema: Ricercars / Intabulations / Dances. Naxos Records.