Gap junction protein

In biology, gap junction proteins are proteins that form gap junctions, which connect two neighboring cells. They are divided into two broad categories: pannexins and connexins.[1]

Overview

Gap junction proteins are present in many organisms, including all vertebrates, as well as chordates, tunicates, ascidians, and appendicularians.[2] Connexins were discovered first; the gap junction proteins of non-chordates (or innexins) were discovered later, and the proteins of chordates even later.[1] Pannexins are typically between 300 and 600 amino acids long.[1] By the standards of other proteins, gap junction proteins have very short turnover times and very flexible gene expression patterns.[3]

List

Gap junction α (GJA) proteins

  • GJA1, Cx43, gap junction alpha-1 protein
  • GJA2, Cx38, gap junction alpha-2 protein
  • GJA3, Cx46, gap junction alpha-3 protein
  • GJA4, Cx37, gap junction alpha-4 protein
  • GJA5, Cx40, gap junction alpha-5 protein
  • GJA6, Cx33 gap junction alpha-6 protein
  • GJA7, Cx44.3-45.6, gap junction alpha-7 protein
  • GJA8, Cx50, gap junction alpha-8 protein
  • GJA9, Cx58, gap junction alpha-9 protein
  • GJA10, Cx62, gap junction alpha-10 protein
  • GJA11, Cx59, gap junction alpha-11 protein
  • GJA12, Cx46.6, gap junction alpha-12 protein

Gap junction β (GJB) proteins

  • GJB1, Cx32, gap junction beta-1 protein
  • GJB2, Cx26, gap junction beta-2 protein
  • GJB3, Cx31, gap junction beta-3 protein
  • GJB4, Cx30.3, gap junction beta-4 protein
  • GJB5, Cx31.1, gap junction beta-5 protein
  • GJB6, Cx30, gap junction beta-6 protein
  • GJB7, Cx25, gap junction beta-7 protein

Gap junction γ (GJC) proteins

  • GJC1, Cx45.6, gap junction gamma-1 protein
  • GJC2, Cx47, gap junction gamma-2 protein
  • GJC3, Cx29, gap junction gamma-3 protein

Gap junction δ (GJD) proteins

  • GJD1, Cx29, gap junction delta-1 protein
  • GJD2, Cx36, gap junction delta-2 protein
  • GJD3, Cx31.9, gap junction delta-3 protein
  • GJD4, Cx40.1, gap junction delta-4 protein

Gap junction ε (GJE) proteins

  • GJE1, Cx23, gap junction epsilon-1 protein

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Abascal, Federico; Zardoya, Rafael (2013-01-01). "Evolutionary analyses of gap junction protein families". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes. The Communicating junctions, roles and dysfunctions. 1828 (1): 4–14. doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.02.007. ISSN 0005-2736.
  2. ↑ Panchin, Yuri V. (2005-04-15). "Evolution of gap junction proteins – the pannexin alternative". Journal of Experimental Biology. 208 (8): 1415–1419. doi:10.1242/jeb.01547. ISSN 1477-9145.
  3. ↑ Spray, David C. (1998-09-21). "Gap Junction Proteins". Circulation Research. 83 (6): 679–681. doi:10.1161/01.RES.83.6.679.
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