Gabriel Bernard de Rieux

Portrait of Gabriel Bernard de Rieux by Maurice-Quentin de La Tour, exhibited at the Paris Salon and now in the Getty Center.

Gabriel Bernard, comte de Rieux (1687-13 December 1745), baron and lord of Livinière, was a member of the French parliament. He was known as président de Rieux.

Life

Younger son of the famous financier Samuel Bernard and his first wife, Madeleine Clergeau, he began a career as a judge. He became substitute for the procurator general to the Parliament of Paris, counsellor to the same Parliament (from 31 August 1714), president of the Second Chamber of Enquiries to that Parliament, president of the Chambre des comptes (from 7 January 1727). He died in office.

When his father died in 1739 he inherited his hôtel particulier on rue Notre Dame des Victoires in Paris, along with the estate and lordship of Glisolles[1] He bought the château de Passy from Manon Dancourt on 18 March 1739 and lived there until his death, continuing his father's tradition of hospitality.[2] He founded a boys' school and a girls' school in his lordship of Passy. He bore the title of count of Rieux, an estate his father had received in payment of a debt.

Family portraits

In 1738 he commissioned a pastel from Maurice-Quentin de La Tour of his niece Marie Louise Gabrielle de La Fontaine Solare, who in 1743 became marquise de Sesmaisons.[3] This measured 0,53 m by 0,61 m and was exhibited at the 1738 Salon. It was owned by de Rieux's descendents until 1918 and entered the Louvre collection in 2014.[4]

In 1739, he commissioned a portrait of himself from the same artist, who produced it as a large format (2,00 m. x 1,50 m.) pastel showing him seated in the costume of the President of the Parliament of Paris. The finished work was exhibited at the Paris Salon in 1741 and is considered as one of the artist's masterpieces.[5][6]

de La Tour also produced a smaller (1,16 x 0,90 m.) portrait of de Rieux's wife in a ballgown holding a mask, exhibited at the 1742 Salon and now in the musée Cognacq-Jay.[7][8]

Marriages and issue

De La Tour's portrait of de Rieux's second wife (musée Cognacq-Jay).

In 1717 he married Bonne de Saint-Chamans, daughter of François de Saint Chamans, marquis of Mery, and his wife Bonne de Chastellux. After her death he married Suzanne Marie Henriette de Boulainvilliers (1696-1776) on 29 May 1719 in the chapel of the château de Grosbois,[9] her brother's residence. Suzanne was a daughter of Henri, comte de Boulainvilliers and his first wife Marie Anne Henriette Hurault du Marais. de Rieux and de Boulainvilliers had two children:

  • Anne Gabrielle Henriette Bernard de Rieux (1721-1736), in 1733 married Charles Pierre Gaston de Lévis, marquess then duke of Mirepoix, marshal of France (1699-1757), no issue ;
  • Gabriel-Henri Bernard de Rieux, in 1766 made marquis de Boulainvilliers (1724-1798), counsellor to the Parliament of Paris (1744), then president of the second chamber of enquiries at that Parliament (1749), provost and master of ceremonies to the Order of Saint Louis, governor of the Ile de France (1775). Like his father and grandfather, he married twice - in 1746 to Marie-Madeleine de Grimoard du Roure and in 1748 to Marie Madeleine Adrienne d'Hallencourt de Boulainvilliers (1729-1781).[10] Leurs portraits furent peints par Louis-Michel van Loo[11] By this second marriage he had two sons (who died in infancy) and three daughters:
    • Bonne Marie Gabrielle Joséphine Bernard de Boulainvilliers (1752-1829) (portrait by Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun,[12] now in the musée des Augustins de Toulouse [13]) in 1770 married Emmanuel-Henri-Charles de Crussol, marquis of Florensac, lieutenant général in the royal army, deputy for the nobility to the bailliage of Bar-sur-Aube at the Estates General of 1789, émigré, knight in the orders of Saint Louis, Notre-Dame du Mont-Carmel and Saint-Lazare de Jérusalem (1741-1818), no issue;[14]
    • Adrienne Marie Gabrielle Bernard de Boulainvilliers, in 1773 married Léonor, viscount of Faudoas, mestre de camp, knight of the order of Saint-Louis (1737-1804), with issue;[15]
    • Anne Marie Louise Bernard de Boulainvilliers (1758-1781), in 1779 married Gaspard Paulin, 4e duc de Clermont-Tonnerre (1750-1842), with issue [16]

Bibliography (in French)

References

In French unless otherwise noted.
  1. ↑ Thierry Claeys (2008). Dictionnaire biographique des Financiers en France au XVIIIe siècle, tome 1. Paris: Editions SPM. p. 211. ISBN 978-2-901952-65-7.
  2. ↑ E. de Clermont-Tonnerre (1914). Histoire de Samuel Bernard et de ses enfants. Paris: Librairie ancienne Honoré Champion. pp. 172–173.
  3. ↑ "Portrait de la marquise de Sesmaisons". Louvre - Les collections du département des arts graphiques. 27 September 2018. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
  4. ↑ Xavier Salmon (2018). Pastels du Musée du Louvre, XVIIe: XVIIIe siècles. Paris: Hazan - Louvre Editions. pp. 158–160. ISBN 978-2-7541-1454-7.
  5. ↑ Christine Debrie; Xavier Salmon (2000). Maurice Quentin de La Tour, prince des pastellistes. Paris: Somogy. pp. 111–116. ISBN 2-85056-431-1.
  6. ↑ (in English) "The Birth of Pastel". The iris. 6 February 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
  7. ↑ Christine Debrie; Xavier Salmon (2000). Maurice Quentin de La Tour, prince des pastellistes. Paris: Somogy. pp. 116–118. ISBN 2-85056-431-1.
  8. ↑ "Chefs-d'œuvre des collections, le Musée Cognacq-Jay, Portrait de la Présidente de Rieux". Blog Paris Collections. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  9. ↑ Parish registers for Boissy Saint Léger, Archives départementales du Val de Marne 1 mi 544, views 10 and 11.
  10. ↑ François Bluche, "L'Origine des magistrats du Parlement de Paris au XVIIIe siècle", Paris et Ile de France, Mémoires, volumes V-VI, 1956, p. 84
  11. ↑ E. de Clermont-Tonnerre (1914). Histoire de Samuel Bernard et de ses enfants. Paris: Librairie ancienne Honoré Champion. p. 190 & 204.
  12. ↑ E. de Clermont-Tonnerre (1914). Histoire de Samuel Bernard et de ses enfants. Paris: Librairie ancienne Honoré Champion. p. 220.
  13. ↑ "La Baronne de Crussol". Musée des Augustins. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
  14. ↑ Georges Martin (2017). Histoire et généalogie de la Maison de Crussol d'Uzès. Lyon: l'auteur. pp. 199–208. ISBN 978-2-901990-14-7.
  15. ↑ Abbé Ambroise Ledru (1908). La Maison de Faudoas, tome 1er. Paris: Alphonse Lemerre. pp. 243–244.
  16. ↑ Georges Martin (2004). Histoire et généalogie de la Maison de Clermont-Tonnerre. Lyon: l'auteur. pp. 67–68. ISBN 2-901990-03-7.
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