Fontinalis dalecarlica
| Fontinalis dalecarlica | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Bryophyta |
| Class: | Bryopsida |
| Subclass: | Bryidae |
| Order: | Hypnales |
| Family: | Fontinalaceae |
| Genus: | Fontinalis |
| Species: | F. dalecarlica |
| Binomial name | |
| Fontinalis dalecarlica Bruch & Schimp. | |
Fontinalis dalecarlica,[1] commonly referred to as slender water moss[2] or cupped water moss,[3] is a species of moss from the genus Fontinalis, in the family Fontinalaceae. It is a submerged freshwater aquatic plant native to Europe and North America.[4]
Description
F. dalecarlica often has a green or yellowish color (sometimes reddish) with a nearly black stem. Stems are often 10-50 cm long, although they may grow as long as 100 cm. The leaves are 2-4mm long, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate in shape, and lack a midrib.[5] When wet, the leaves are deeply cupped, and the stem of this species is long-attenuate and floppy. When dry, the leaves become flattened with very reflexed margins. The stem is resistant to considerable abrasion, which allows it to persist in environments with swift water. Branches are long attenuated as well, and the tips are tight and budlike.[6] Egg-shaped capsules are 2mm in length and are covered by the leaves.[3] It attaches to a substrate with strongly bound rhizoids.[6]
Distribution and habitat
F. dalecarlica is native to North America and parts of Europe.[4] In North America, its range extends north to south from the Northwest Territories[2] to Georgia and Alabama, and east to west from Newfoundland and Labrador to the Northwest Territories. It is also found in Greenland and many northern European countries.[5] It has been observed growing in first, second, and third order streams,[7] in rapids, pools, and lakes on rocky and woody substrates.[5] F. dalecarlica can be found in shallower areas that are intermittently above the water level due to its ability to persist out of the water for at least a year.[8] Many similar aquatic plants cannot persist in such habitats.
Reproduction
F. dalecarlica can reproduce asexually by stoloniferous branches[9] and sexually via an archegonium and an antheridium, although the exact method by which sperm are consistently transported to eggs upstream in swift currents is not well documented.[10]
References
- ↑ "Fontinalis dalecarlica Schimp". Natural Resources Conservation Service U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Retrieved 25 April 2026.
- 1 2 "NWT Species 2021-2025 – General Status Ranks of Wild Species in the Northwest Territories" (PDF).
- 1 2 McKnight, Karl B.; Rohrer, Joseph R.; McKnight Ward, Kirsten; Perdrizet, Warren J. (2013). Common Mosses of the Northeast and Appalachians. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-15696-5. JSTOR j.ctt1r2ffj.
- 1 2 "Fontinalis dalecarlica Bruch & Schimp". GBIF.
- 1 2 3 "Fontinalis dalecarlica". Flora of North America.
- 1 2 Glime, Janice M. "Fontinalis". University of Massachusetts Amherst. Archived from the original on 2012-02-24.
- ↑ Glime, J. M. (1968). "Ecological Observations on Some Bryophytes in Appalachian Mountain Streams". Castanea. 33 (4): 300–325. JSTOR 4032169.
- ↑ Glime, J. M. (1971). "Response of Two Species of Fontinalis to Field Isolation from Stream Water". The Bryologist. 74 (3): 383–386. Bibcode:1971Bryol..74..383G. doi:10.2307/3241653. JSTOR 3241653.
- ↑ Glime, J. M. (1980). "Effects of Temperature and Flow on Rhizoid Production in Fontinalis". The Bryologist. 83 (4): 477–485. doi:10.2307/3242300. JSTOR 3242300.
- ↑ Glime, J. M. (1984). "Physio-Ecological Factors Relating to Reproduction and Phenology in Fontinalis dalecarlica". The Bryologist. 87 (1): 17–23. Bibcode:1984Bryol..87...17G. doi:10.2307/3242877. JSTOR 3242877.