Euphorbia epithymoides

Euphorbia epithymoides
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Embryophytes
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Genus: Euphorbia
Species:
E. epithymoides
Binomial name
Euphorbia epithymoides
Subspecies[1]
  • E. e. subsp. epithymoides
  • E. e. subsp. gregersenii (K.Malý ex Beck) Frajman
  • E. e. subsp. lingulata (Heuff.) Nyman
Synonyms[1][2][3][4]
List
    • Euphorbia epithymoides var. glaberrima
    • Euphorbia epithymoides f. glabrescens
    • Euphorbia epithymoides var. macrocarpa
    • Euphorbia epithymoides var. polychroma
    • Euphorbia fragifera
    • Euphorbia gregersenii
    • Euphorbia jacquinii
    • Euphorbia lingulata
    • Euphorbia mehadiensis
    • Euphorbia microsperma
    • Euphorbia polychroma
    • Euphorbia polychroma f. denticulata
    • Euphorbia polychroma subsp. lingulata
    • Euphorbia polychroma f. longifolia
    • Euphorbia polychroma subsp. microsperma
    • Euphorbia polychroma var. microsperma
    • Euphorbia villosa
    • Galarhoeus epithymoides
    • Pythius epithymoides
    • Tithymalus epithymoides
    • Tithymalus epithymoides var. microspermus
    • Tithymalus fragifer
    • Tithymalus gregersenii
    • Tithymalus jacquinii
    • Tithymalus lingulatus

Euphorbia epithymoides, the cushion spurge, syn. E. polychroma, is a species of deciduous flowering plant in the family Euphorbiaceae, native to Libya, Turkey and East, Middle, and Southeast Europe. It is a compact, clump-forming, herbaceous perennial growing to 45 cm (18 in), bearing terminal cymes of acid yellow flower-heads (cyathia) in spring and summer.[5] The cultivar 'Major'[6] has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Taxonomy

Euphorbia epithymoides was named by Carl Linnaeus in 1762. It is classified in the genus Euphorbia within the wider Euphorbiaceae family and has three accepted subspecies.[1]

  • Euphorbia epithymoides subsp. epithymoides – Native to central Europe from Germany to the northwestern Balkan Peninsula[2]
  • Euphorbia epithymoides subsp. gregersenii – Native to Gostović Valley in Bosnia and Hercegovina[3]
  • Euphorbia epithymoides subsp. lingulata – Native to Eastern Europe from Ukraine southwards to Greece and northwestern Turkey[4]

There are 25 synonyms of Euphorbia epithymoides or one of its three subspecies, including 15 species names presented in the following table.[1][2][3][4]

Table of Synonyms
Name Year Synonym of: Notes
Euphorbia fragifera Schur 1866 subsp. epithymoides = het., nom. illeg. homonym. post.
Euphorbia gregersenii K.Malý ex Beck 1920 subsp. gregersenii ≡ hom.
Euphorbia jacquinii Fenzl ex Boiss. 1862 subsp. epithymoides = het.
Euphorbia lingulata Heuff. 1835 subsp. lingulata ≡ hom.
Euphorbia mehadiensis Kit. 1864 subsp. lingulata = het.
Euphorbia microsperma (Murb.) K.Malý 1949 subsp. epithymoides = het.
Euphorbia polychroma A.Kern. 1875 subsp. epithymoides = het.
Euphorbia villosa Friv. ex Boiss. 1862 subsp. epithymoides = het., pro syn.
Galarhoeus epithymoides (L.) Haw. 1812 E. epithymoides ≡ hom.
Pythius epithymoides (L.) Raf. 1838 E. epithymoides ≡ hom.
Tithymalus epithymoides (L.) Klotzsch & Garcke 1860 E. epithymoides ≡ hom.
Tithymalus fragifer Klotzsch & Garcke 1860 subsp. epithymoides = het.
Tithymalus gregersenii (K.Malý ex Beck) Soják 1979 subsp. gregersenii ≡ hom.
Tithymalus jacquinii (Fenzl ex Boiss.) Soják 1972 subsp. epithymoides = het.
Tithymalus lingulatus (Heuff.) Soják 1972 subsp. lingulata ≡ hom.
Notes: ≡ homotypic synonym; = heterotypic synonym

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 POWO (2026). "Euphorbia epithymoides L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 4 June 2026.
  2. 1 2 3 POWO (2026). "Euphorbia epithymoides subsp. epithymoides". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 4 June 2026.
  3. 1 2 3 POWO (2026). "Euphorbia epithymoides subsp. gregersenii (K.Malý ex Beck) Frajman". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 4 June 2026.
  4. 1 2 3 POWO (2026). "Euphorbia epithymoides subsp. lingulata (Heuff.) Nyman". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 4 June 2026.
  5. ↑ RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 978-1405332965.
  6. ↑ "Euphorbia epithymoides 'Major' AGM". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
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