Erythranthe lutea

Erythranthe lutea
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Embryophytes
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Phrymaceae
Genus: Erythranthe
Species:
E. lutea
Binomial name
Erythranthe lutea
(L.) G.L.Nesom (2012)
Varieties[1]
  • Erythranthe lutea var. lutea
  • Erythranthe lutea var. rivularis (Lindl.) Silverside
  • Erythranthe lutea var. variegata (Poit.) G.L.Nesom
Synonyms[2][3][4]
Synonymy
    • Mimulus luteus L.

    synonyms of var. lutea:

    • Erythranthe lacerata (Pennell) G.L.Nesom
    • Mimulus glabratus var. micranthus (Phil.) B.Boivin
    • Mimulus groomii Voss, pro syn.
    • Mimulus laceratus Pennell
    • Mimulus luteus var. alpinus Lindl.
    • Mimulus luteus var. aurantiacus Reiche
    • Mimulus luteus subvar. macrophyllus Clos
    • Mimulus luteus var. micranthus Phil.
    • Mimulus luteus var. wilsonii Van Houtte
    • Mimulus maculatus F.Dietr.
    • Mimulus nummularis Gay
    • Mimulus ocellatus Gerst.
    • Mimulus perluteus Voss
    • Mimulus punctatus Miers ex Bertero
    • Mimulus quinquevulnerus F.Hässl.
    • Mimulus splendens Steud., not validly publ.
    • Mimulus youngii Voss

    synonyms of var. rivularis:

    • Mimulus luteus var. rivularis Lindl.
    • Mimulus rivularis (Lindl.) Poit.

    synonyms of var. variegata:

    • Erythranthe nummularia (Clos) Silverside
    • Erythranthe variegata (Poit.) Silverside
    • Mimulus luteus var. nummularius Clos
    • Mimulus luteus var. variegatus (Poit.) Hook.f.
    • Mimulus nummularius (Clos) Stace
    • Mimulus variegatus Poit.

Erythranthe lutea is a species of monkeyflower also known as yellow monkeyflower, monkey musk, blotched monkey flowers, and blood-drop-emlets.[5][6][7][8] It was formerly known as Mimulus luteus.[9][10][11][12] It is a perennial native to temperate South America, including Chile and western and southern Argentina.[1]

Description

E. lutea blooms in the summer and grows to about 30 centimetres (12 in) in height.[13] The flowers are yellow with irregular red blotches and the leaves are hairy, paired, and round.[7] Because of its yellow petals, E. luteus is in the "yellow monkeyflower" group, unlike most members of the genus, which have red or pink petals.[14]

Some sources list Erythranthe lutea separately due to chromosomal variations.[15][16] Barker, etal (2012) proposes a new taxonomy for Phrymaceae, leaving only 7 species in Mimulus, none in Mimulus lutea, and placing 111 in Erythranthe. Barker also offers 4 different options for how to implement this new taxonomy.[9]

The luteus group consists of Erythranthe luteus var. variegatus, E. naiandinus and E. cupreus.[14]

Distribution and habitat

Erythranthe lutea prefers to grow in wet habitats such as marshes and riverbanks. It is native to temperate South America, including Chile and western and southern Argentina.[1] It has been naturalized in Britain,[8] having been first cultivated there circa 1826.[17]

References

  1. 1 2 3 Erythranthe lutea (L.) G.L.Nesom. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
  2. ↑ "Erythranthe lutea var. lutea". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 24 August 2026.
  3. ↑ "Erythranthe lutea var. rivularis (Lindl.) Silverside". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 24 August 2026.
  4. ↑ "Erythranthe lutea var. variegata (Poit.) G.L.Nesom". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 24 August 2026.
  5. ↑ GRIN (April 22, 2014). "Mimulus luteus L." Taxonomy for Plants. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland: USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
  6. ↑ "Blood-drop-emlets (Mimulus luteus)". iNaturalist. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
  7. 1 2 "Blotched Monkey Flower". Virtual Hebrides. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
  8. 1 2 "Mimulus luteus L." Plants for a Future. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
  9. 1 2 Barker, W. L. (Bill); et al. (2012). "A Taxonomic Conspectus of Phyrmaceae: A Narrowed Circumscription for MIMULUS, New and Resurrected Genera, and New Names and Combinations" (PDF). Phytoneuron. 39: 1–60. ISSN 2153-733X.
  10. ↑ Beardsley, P. M.; Yen, Alan; Olmstead, R. G. (2003). "AFLP Phylogeny of Mimulus Section Erythranthe and the Evolution of Hummingbird Pollination". Evolution. 57 (6): 1397–1410. doi:10.1554/02-086. JSTOR 3448862. PMID 12894947. S2CID 198154155.
  11. ↑ Beardsley, P. M.; Olmstead, R. G. (2002). "Redefining Phrymaceae: the placement of Mimulus, tribe Mimuleae, and Phryma". American Journal of Botany. 89 (7): 1093–1102. Bibcode:2002AmJB...89.1093B. doi:10.3732/ajb.89.7.1093. JSTOR 4122195. PMID 21665709.
  12. ↑ Beardsley, P. M.; Schoenig, Steve E.; Whittall, Justen B.; Olmstead, Richard G. (2004). "Patterns of Evolution in Western North American Mimulus (Phrymaceae)". American Journal of Botany. 91 (3): 474–4890. Bibcode:2004AmJB...91..474B. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.3.474. JSTOR 4123743. PMID 21653403.
  13. ↑ "Mimulus luteus". Water Garden Plants UK. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
  14. 1 2 Cooley, Arielle M.; Willis, John H. (2009). "Genetic divergence causes parallel evolution of flower color in Chilean Mimulus". New Phytologist. 183 (3): 729–739. Bibcode:2009NewPh.183..729C. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02858.x. PMID 19453433.
  15. ↑ GRIN (April 22, 2014). "Erythranthe lutea (L.) G. L. Nesom". Taxonomy for Plants. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland: USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
  16. ↑ Cooley, Arielle Marie (2008). Evolution of Floral Color Patterning in Chilean Mimulus. Durham. NC: Duke University. p. 37. ISBN 978-0549898689.
  17. ↑ Mimulus luteus (Blood-drop-emlets). Online Atlas of the British & Irish Flora. 1998. Retrieved February 2, 2017.

Further reading

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