Engelhardia spicata
| Engelhardia spicata | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Embryophytes |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fagales |
| Family: | Juglandaceae |
| Genus: | Engelhardia |
| Species: | E. spicata |
| Binomial name | |
| Engelhardia spicata | |
| Varieties[2] | |
| |
| Synonyms[2] | |
| |
Engelhardia spicata is a species of flowering plant in the Juglandaceae family. It is a tree native to the Indian subcontinent, Indochina, southern China, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, the Lesser Sunda Islands, and the Philippines.[2]
Distribution and habitat
Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, New Guinea. From near sea level to 2100 m, in forests on mountain slopes and in valleys.[3]
In Java it is found in primary evergreen forests and seems to prefer the mountains up to 2500 m, especially frequent in the Casuarina forests on the volcanoes in Central and East Java. It is known to locally form pure stands on the western side of Mount Jang in East Java. Similar local dominance has been observed on Mount Rindjani in Lombok, it has also been observed pioneering in mountain savannas composed of Pittosporum, Homalanthus giganteus, Vernonia arborea, Dodonaea and Wendlandia, It is often deciduous for a short time and then flowering, not in definite periods.[4]
Varieties
Two varieties are accepted.[2]
- Engelhardia spicata var. integra (Kurz) W.E.Manning ex Steenis
- Engelhardia spicata var. spicata
Fossil record
Pollen fossils of Engelhardia spicata have been recovered from strata of Messinian stage of the Miocene epoch in Western Georgia in the Caucasus region.[5]
Gallery
Engelhardia spicata in Ramnagar Forest, Uttarakhand, India
Seeds
Artwork by Ernst Philipp Sixtus of Engelhardia spicata flowers
References
- ↑ Pathak, J.; Lakhey, P.; Watson, M.; Adhikari, B. (2023). "Engelhardia spicata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2023 e.T32652A66797470. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T32652A66797470.en. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
- 1 2 3 4 "Engelhardia spicata Lechen ex Blume". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
- ↑ "Engelhardia spicata in Flora of China @". Efloras.org. Retrieved 2022-05-01.
- ↑ Flora Malesiana - Series1, vol, 6, part 1, December 1960 - Rijksherbarium, Leyden, Netherlands
- ↑ The History of the Flora and Vegetation of Georgia by Irina Shatilova, Nino Mchedlishvili, Luara Rukhadze, Eliso Kvavadze, Georgian National Museum Institute of Paleobiology, Tbilisi 2011, ISBN 978-9941-9105-3-1