Sooty ant tanager

Sooty ant tanager
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Cardinalidae
Genus: Driophlox
Species:
D. gutturalis
Binomial name
Driophlox gutturalis
(Sclater, PL, 1854)
Sooty ant tanager

The sooty ant tanager (Driophlox gutturalis) is a species of bird in the family Cardinalidae, the cardinals, grosbeaks, and “tanager” allies. It is endemic to Colombia.[2]

Taxonomy and systematics

The sooty ant tanager was formally described in 1854 by the English zoologist Philip Sclater with the binomial Phoenicothraupis gutturalis.[3][4] The specific epithet gutturalis is Latin meaning "of the throat".[5]

The sooty ant tanager has a complicated taxonomic history. It was long placed in genus Habia and classified as a tanager in the family Thraupidae.[6][7] Following a series of studies published in the early 2000s, beginning in 2009 taxonomic systems reclassified the genus as a member the family Cardinalidae.[8] In 2024 most systems transferred the sooty ant-tanager and three other species from Habia to the newly-erected genus Driophlox.[9][10][11][12] However, as of late 2025 BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World retains them in Habia.[13]

The sooty ant tanager is monotypic.[2]

Sooty ant tanager male with crest raised

Description

The sooty ant tanager is 17 cm (6.7 in)[14] to 20 cm (7.9 in)[15] long. The species is weakly sexually dimorphic. Adult males are almost entirely dusky gray with a red-scarlet crest, a reddish pink center of the throat, and a blacker face. Females are less dusky and have a duller and paler throat than males. Both sexes have a brown iris, brown legs and feet, and a black bill.[15]

Distribution and habitat

The sooty ant tanager is found in northwestern Colombia in the middle section of the Magdalena River valley, the Nechí River valley, and the northern reaches of the Central and Western Andes. It inhabits the understory in the interior and edges of humid forest both primary and secondary, and is often found near watercourses.[15][14] Sources differ on its elevational range. One states it as 100 to 1,100 m (300 to 3,600 ft)[15] and another says 100 to 1,500 m (300 to 4,900 ft)[14].

Behavior

Movement

The sooty ant-tanager is a sedentary year-round resident.[15]

Feeding

The sooty ant tanager feeds mostly on arthropods but also includes fruit in its diet. Single birds and family groups forage in the forest understory, usually up to about 5 m (15 ft) above the ground. It takes most prey by snatching it from the undersides of leaves approached with a flutter-flight. It regularly but not exclusively attends army ant swarms to capture prey fleeing them.[15][14]

Breeding

The sooty ant-tanager's breeding season has not been defined but appears to span at least February to June. Its nest is a cup whose outer structure is coarse plant material lined and with finer fern fibers. The few known nests were in vegetation not far above the ground. Apparently only the female incubates the clutch but both parents provision nestlings. The clutch size, incubation period, and time to fledging are not known.[15]

Vocalization

The sooty ant tanager's song is "melodious, composed by whistles that are repeated and mixed with other sound elements", and is usually sung at dawn and dusk. Its usual call is "a fast chatter of ca 15 notes, e.g. Chak-cha-cha-cha-cha-cha".[15]

Status

The IUCN originally in 1988 assessed the sooty ant tanager as Threatened, then in 1994 as Near Threatened, and since 2020 as being of Least Concern. Its population size is not known and is believed to be decreasing. "Suitable habitat within its range has been reduced. The middle and lower Magdalena valley has been extensively deforested since the 19th century for agriculture, and clearance of its foothills has been near total since the 1950s...However, the species shows some resilience to habitat fragmentation, [and] can persist in patches of mature secondary growth and frequents forest borders."[1] It is considered local in its somewhat limited range.[14] "Although the Sooty Ant-Tanager occurs in several protected areas, none of these protected areas are specifically managed for this species anywhere in the range."[15]

References

  1. 1 2 BirdLife International (2021). "Sooty Ant-tanager Habia gutturalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T22722423A190930538. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22722423A190930538.en. Retrieved 1 August 2026.
  2. 1 2 Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (April 2026). "Cardinals, grosbeaks and "tanager" allies". IOC World Bird List. v 15.2. Retrieved 29 July 2026.
  3. ↑ Sclater, Philip Lutley (1854). "On a new species of tanager in the British Museum". Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology. 2nd series. 13: 24-25 [25].
  4. ↑ Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1970). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 13. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 301.
  5. ↑ Jobling, James A. (2010). Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 182, 184. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  6. ↑ Parkes, Kenneth C. (1969). "The red-throated ant-tanager (Habia fuscicauda) in Panama and Colombia". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 82: 233–241 [238].
  7. ↑ BirdLife International (2009) The BirdLife checklist of the birds of the world, with conservation status and taxonomic sources. Version 2. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/downloads/BirdLife_Checklist_Version_2.zip [.xls zipped 1 MB].
  8. ↑ R. Terry Chesser, Richard C. Banks, F. Keith Barker, Carla Cicero, Jon L. Dunn, Andrew W. Kratter, Irby J. Lovette, Pamela C. Rasmussen, J. V. Remsen, Jr., James D. Rising, Douglas F. Stotz, and Kevin Winker. "Fiftieth supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds". The Auk 2009, vol. 126(3):705-714 retrieved March 15, 2025
  9. ↑ Scott, B. F., R. T. Chesser, P. Unitt, and K. J. Burns (2024). "Driophlox, a new genus of cardinalid (Aves: Passeriformes: Cardinalidae)". Zootaxa 5406:497–500.
  10. ↑ R. Terry Chesser, Shawn M. Billerman, Kevin J. Burns, Carla Cicero, Jon L. Dunn, Blanca E. Hernández-Baños, Rosa Alicia Jiménez, Oscar Johnson, Andrew W. Kratter, Nicholas A. Mason, Pamela C. Rasmussen, and J.V. Remsen, Jr. "Sixty-fifth supplement to the American Ornithological Society's Check-list of North American Birds". Ornithology 2024, vol. 141:1-20 retrieved July 18, 2024
  11. ↑ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (August 2024). "IOC World Bird List". v 14.2. Retrieved August 19, 2024.
  12. ↑ Clements, J. F., P.C. Rasmussen, T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, A. Spencer, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, M. Smith, and C. L. Wood. 2024. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2024. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ retrieved October 23, 2024
  13. ↑ HBW and BirdLife International (2025). Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 10. Available at: https://datazone.birdlife.org/about-our-science/taxonomy#birdlife-s-taxonomic-checklist retrieved 12 October 2025
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 McMullan, Miles; Donegan, Thomas M.; Quevedo, Alonso (2010). Field Guide to the Birds of Colombia. Bogotá: Fundación ProAves. p. 210. ISBN 978-0-9827615-0-2.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 van Dort, J., P. C. Pulgarín-R., and N. Galvis (2024). Sooty Ant-Tanager (Driophlox gutturalis), version 2.0. In Birds of the World (B. K. Keeney and T. S. Schulenberg, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.soatan1.02 long retrieved August 1, 2026
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