Devil's Sinkhole State Natural Area
| Devil's Sinkhole State Natural Area | |
|---|---|
 Interior view of Devil's Sinkhole | |
  Devil's Sinkhole Location within Texas  Devil's Sinkhole Location within the United States | |
| Coordinates | 30°3′8″N 100°6′12″W / 30.05222°N 100.10333°W |
| Area | 1,859.7 acres (752.6 ha) |
| Established | 1985 |
| Visitors | 1,357 (in 2025)[1] |
| Governing body | Texas Parks and Wildlife Department |
| Website | Official site |
| Designated | 1972 |
Devil's Sinkhole State Natural Area is a 1,859.7 acres (753 ha) nature reserve with a natural bat habitat in Edwards County, Texas, United States managed by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. The sinkhole is a 350-foot deep cavern with a roughly 50-by-140-foot (15.2 m × 42.7 m) opening at the surface.[2] It is Texas' largest single-chambered cave[3] and home to up to three million Mexican free-tailed bats between the months of April through October.[4]
History
About one million years ago slow-moving, slightly acidic water carved a cavern in 150-million-year-old Edwards Limestone. When the water receded, the cavern's ceiling collapsed creating the sinkhole.
While likely known to native peoples based on archeological clues, the cavern was first discovered in modern times by Ammon Billings, a local rancher leading a scouting party of five, west of Hackberry Creek in Edwards County in 1876. Billings fired at a marauding party of hostile Indians and believed he hit one. Fearing a trap, they did not pursue the Indians but returned to the area the following day, May 21, 1876 with their spouses. It was then that the sinkhole was first encountered by Billings. Billings' wife, Lucinde Katherine Billings (née Stroop) and other wives in the returning party dubbed the sinkhole "The Devil's Sinkhole".[5][6][7][8]
H. S. Barber carved his name inside the cave in 1889.[9] Workers mined the sinkhole in the 1920s for bat guano to be sold for fertilizer or as a source of potassium nitrate.[3] In 1968, the Devil's Sinkhole was designated as a National Natural Landmark by the National Park Service.[10]
Devil's Sinkhole State Natural Area was once part of a working ranch owned by Charles Whitworth. The State of Texas purchased the property from the Whitworth estate in 1985 and opened it to the public for limited access in 1992.[11]
Facilities, admission
Access to the area is available only through advance reservations. Evening bat flight tours are offered in summer only. Guided nature hikes are also available.[2]
Facilities include a wheelchair-accessible viewing platform and picnic areas.[2] With reservations, tours are conducted by the Devil's Sinkhole Society, a local volunteer group that works in conjunction of Texas Parks and Wildlife Department and Bat Conservation International to facilitate visitor education and tours.[12]
See also
References
- ↑ Christopher Adams. "What is the most visited state park in Texas? Here's the top 10 countdown for 2025". KXAN.com. Retrieved February 15, 2026.
- 1 2 3 "TPWD Devil's Sinkhole". Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
- 1 2 "Interpretive Guide to Devil's Sinkhole State Natural Area" (PDF). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. Retrieved August 10, 2026.
- ↑ Parent, Laurence (2008). Official Guide to Texas State Parks and Historic Sites: Revised Edition. University of Texas Press. pp. 2, 3. ISBN 978-0-292-71726-8.
- ↑ "Clipped From Kerrville Mountain Sun". Kerrville Mountain Sun. August 25, 1949. p. 15. Retrieved January 1, 2022.
- ↑ "Devil's Hole Was Once Considered A Sacred Location In Texas, And Visitors Will Love Its Modern-Day Tours". TheTravel. November 16, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2021.
- ↑ "About – Devil's Sinkhole". Retrieved December 31, 2021.
- ↑ "TSHA | Devil's Sinkhole". www.tshaonline.org. Retrieved December 31, 2021.
- ↑ Smith, A. Richard. "Devil's Sinkhole discovery". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved February 11, 2012.
- ↑ "National Natural Landmarks - National Natural Landmarks (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
Year designated: 1972
- ↑ "Devil's Sinkhole State Natural Area: History". Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. Retrieved August 10, 2026.
- ↑ "Tour Information". The Devil's Sinkhole Society. Archived from the original on August 4, 2011. Retrieved February 11, 2012.
External links
