Demographics of Bradford

Demographics of Bradford
Population pyramid of Bradford
Population522,452 (2011)
Population density in the 2011 census in the Bradford Metropolitan District Council area.

Bradford, England is an ethnically and culturally diverse city. The City of Bradford metropolitan borough is the sixth most populous local authority district in the United Kingdom, and includes the towns and villages of Keighley, Shipley, Bingley, Ilkley, Haworth, Silsden, Queensbury, Thornton and Denholme.

Built-up area

The Office for National Statistics identifies "Bradford Built-up area subdivision", defined by its own algorithm,[1] as an area of 81.74 km2 (31.56 sq mi) with a 2011 population of 349,561 and a density of 4,280 people per square km.[2] It is a subdivision of the West Yorkshire Built-up Area.

Population

The City of Bradford's total population, in the 2011 UK census, was 522,452. The population density was 1,428 people per square km.

Ethnicity

Bradford's ethnic demography, 1971 to 2021
A population pyramid of Bradford by ethnicity in 2021
The ethnic makeup of Bradford by age groups in 2021

The following table shows the ethnic group of respondents in the 1991, 2001 and 2011 censuses in the City of Bradford.

Bradford has had a significant Pakistani population since post war migration began, making up around 25.5% of the population in the 2021 census. This increase in Pakistanis has generally provided the majority of the growth of the multi-ethnic group of Asian British people within Bradford. Around 63.9% of the population identify as White British. The black population of Bradford is small, making up 1.8% of the overall population.

Ethnic Group Year
1961 estimations[3] 1964 estimations[4] 1971 estimations[5] 1981 estimations[6] 1991 census[7] 2001 census[8] 2011 census[9] 2021 census[10]
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %
White: Total – – – – 421,351 94.2% 404,500 87% 386,025 84.4% 366,041 78.27% 352,317 67.44% 334,004 61.1%
White: British – – – – – – – – – –355,68476.06%333,62863.86% 309,912 56.7%
White: Irish – – – – – – – – 4,759 1.04%3,4790.74%2,5410.49% 2,139 0.4%
White: Gypsy or Irish Traveller[note 1] – – – – – – – – – –––4330.08% 849 0.2%
White: Roma – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1,583 0.3%
White: Other – – – – – – – – – –6,8781.47%15,7153.01% 19,521 3.6%
Asian or Asian British: Total – – – – – – 48,800 10.5% 62,963 13.79% 89,293 19.09% 140,149 26.83% 175,664 32.1%
Asian or Asian British: Indian – – – – 7,748[11] 1.7% 12,900 2.8% 11,713 2.56%12,5042.67%13,5552.59% 14,429 2.6%
Asian or Asian British: Pakistani 7,000 1.6% 10,000 – – – 33,600 7.2% 45,280 9.9%67,99414.54%106,61420.41% 139,553 25.5%
Asian or Asian British: Bangladeshi – – 1,500 – – – 2,300 0.5% 3,653 0.79%4,9671.06%9,8631.89% 12,403 2.3%
Asian or Asian British: Chinese[note 2] – – – – – – – – 720 0.15%8960.19%2,0860.40% 1,345 0.2%
Asian or Asian British: Other Asian – – – – – – – – 1,597 0.34%2,9320.63%8,0311.54% 7,934 1.5%
Black or Black British: Total – – – – – – 6,200 1.3% 5,336 1.16% 4,333 0.93% 9,267 1.77% 10,978 2%
Black or Black British: African – – – – – – – – 610 0.13%9700.21%4,9930.96% 7,061 1.3%
Black or Black British: Caribbean – – – – – – – – 3,323 0.72%3,0380.65%3,5810.69% 2,614 0.5%
Black or Black British: Other Black – – – – – – – – 1,403 0.3%3250.07%6930.13% 1,303 0.2%
Mixed: Total – – – – – – – – – – 6,937 1.48% 12,979 2.48% 15,006 2.7%
Mixed: White and Black Caribbean – – – – – – – – – –2,6110.56%4,6630.89% 4,426 0.8%
Mixed: White and Black African – – – – – – – – – –4490.10%8750.17% 1,196 0.2%
Mixed: White and Asian – – – – – – – – – –2,9260.63%5,6771.09% 6,458 1.2%
Mixed: Other Mixed – – – – – – – – – –9510.20%1,7640.34% 2,926 0.5%
Other: Total – – – – – – 5,350 1.2% 3,020 0.66% 1,061 0.23% 7,740 1.48% 10,760 2%
Other: Arab[note 3] – – – – – – – – – –––3,7140.71% 2,734 0.5%
Other: Any other ethnic group – – – – – – 5,350 1.2% 3,020 0.66%1,0610.23%4,0260.77% 8,026 1.5%
Ethnic minority: Total – – – – 26,195 5.8% 60,350 13% 71,319 15.6% 101,624 21.7% 170,135 32.6% 212,408 38.9%
Total 447,546 100% – – 451,753 100% 464,850 100% 457,344 100% 467,665 100% 522,452 100% 546,412 100%

Notes for table above

  1. ↑ New category created for the 2011 census
  2. ↑ In 2001, listed under the 'Chinese or other ethnic group' heading.
  3. ↑ New category created for the 2011 census

Ethnicity of school pupils

The ethnicity of school pupils within Bradford has been in flux, with the native White British population declining from a majority of 61.7% in 2004 to a minority of 40.1% of the total school pupil population. This shift has turned Bradford's schools into a majority-minority state, where there are no overall majorities. Asian British school children have risen from 33.1% of the school pupil population to a stagnate 42.7% in 2022, having declined the previous two years from 43.1% in 2020.

The largest group within this multi-ethnic amalgamation is British Pakistanis at 36.4% of the total school population. Black British school pupils have risen slightly from 1% to 1.9% with the majority of growth coming from Black Africans. Other groups such as Other ethnicities, Other Whites and Mixed people have also increased as well.

Ethnic group School year[12][13]
1967[14] 1971[15] 1998 2004 2008 2012 2015/16 2019/20 2021/2022
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %
White: Total – 93.3% – 89.5% 52,325 69.3% 45,930 62.6% 41,380 56% 39,320 51.1% 40,978 48.7% 46,896 46.3% 46,157 45.5%
White: British – – – – – – 45,300 61.7% 40,027 54.2% 36,885 47.9% 36,629 43.6% 41,350 40.9% 40,577 40.1%
White: Irish – – – – – – 90 85 94 96 0.1% 115 0.1% 113 0.1%
White: Traveller of Irish heritage – – – – – – 20 21 36 31 0.0% 28 0.0% 37 0.0%
White: Gypsy/Roma – – – – – – 70 166 494 1,260 1.5% 1,140 1.1% 1,031 1.0%
White: Other – – – – – – 450 0.6% 1,082 1,809 2,962 3.5% 4,263 4.2% 4,399 4.3%
Asian / Asian British: Total – – – – 24,280 33.1% 28,387 38.4% 32,704 42.5% 36,353 43.3% 43,447 43.1% 43,268 42.7%
Asian / Asian British: Indian – – – – 1,790 2.4% 1,839 1,838 1,809 2.2% 1,982 2.0% 1,974 1.9%
Asian / Asian British: Pakistani – – – – 20,160 27.5% 23,241 31.5% 26,727 34.7% 30,674 36.5% 36,849 36.5% 36,841 36.4%
Asian / Asian British: Bangladeshi – – – – 1,750 2,141 2,518 2,851 3.4% 3,315 3.3% 3,153 3.1%
Asian / Asian British: Chinese – – – – 80 85 110 88 0.1% 98 0.1% 97 0.1%
Asian / Asian British: Other Asians – – – – 500 1,081 1,511 931 1.1% 1,203 1.2% 1,203 1.2%
Black / Black British: Total – – – – 700 1% 940 1.3% 1,015 1.3% 1,170 1.4% 1,762 1.7% 1,954 1.9%
Black: Caribbean – – – – 340 326 309 284 0.3% 252 0.2% 215 0.2%
Black: African – – – – 270 0.4% 488 577 815 1.0% 1,316 1.3% 1,515 1.5%
Black: Other Blacks – – – – 90 118 131 107 0.1% 194 0.2% 224 0.2%
Mixed / British Mixed – – – – – – 1,800 2.5% 2,390 3.2% 2,900 3.8% 3,903 4.6% 6,124 6.0% 6,550 6.5%
Other: Total – – – – 250 0.3% 557 0.8% 760 1% 961 1.1% 1,566 1.5% 1,880 1.9%
Unclassified – – – – 0 0.0% 430 0.6% 20 – 225 0.3% 592 0.7% 1,261 1.2% 1,500 1.5%
Non-White: Total – 6.7% – 10.5% – 30.7% 37.4% 44% 48.9% 51.3% 53.7% 54.5%
Total: – 100% – 100% 75,557 100% 73,380 100% 73,860 100% 76,930 100% 83,993 100% 101,056 100% 101,309 100%

Country of birth

The UK and foreign born population pyramid of Bradford in 2021

In 1966, the New Commonwealth foreign born population was around 13,410. In 1971, it was 20,700.[16] Most of the Asian born population had come after 1962 in 1971, and 72% came to the city relatives or friends in the area.[17]

County Borough of Bradford
Country of birth Year
1951 census[18] 1961 census[18] 1971 census[18] 1981 census[18]
Number % Number % Number % Number %
United Kingdom – – – – – – – –
Ireland 2,192 3,350 2,805 2,475
Other Europe 5,729 2% 5,416 1.8% 4,795 1.6% 4,893 1.6%
Poland 2757 2303 1940 1927
Russia 2750 2326 2025 1984
Italy 222 787 830 982
New Commonwealth and Pakistan 883 0.3% 6,219 2.1% 21,010 7.1% 26,511 8.9%
India 395 – 1,512 5,965 5,976
Pakistan 140 – 3,457 11,080 15,303
Bangladesh – – – – – – 884
Caribbean 28 – 984 2,010 1,607
Foreign born – – – – – – – –
Total 292,400 100% 295,900 100% 294,200 100% 298,600 100%
Metropolitan Borough of Bradford
Country of birth Year
1961 census[19] 1981 census[20] 2021 census[21]
Number % Number % Number %
United Kingdom – 95.4% 409,202 90.1% 444,478 81.3%
Foreign born – 4.6% 44,990 9.9% 101,938 18.7%
Total – 100% 454,192 100% 546,416 100%

Languages

The most common main languages spoken in the City of Bradford in the 2011 census are shown below.[22]

RankLanguageUsual residents aged 3+Proportion
1English424,52785.31%
2Punjabi19,8423.99%
3Urdu16,5503.33%
4Polish5,5261.11%
5Bengali (incl. Sylheti and Chatgaya)4,7430.95%
6Pashto3,5800.72%
7Gujarati2,6380.53%
8Arabic2,3980.48%
9Slovak2,1620.43%
10Kurdish1,2750.26%
11Pakistani Pahari (incl. Mirpuri and Potwari)1,0480.21%
12Latvian9850.20%
13Russian6900.14%
14Czech6420.13%
15Tagalog/Filipino6400.13%
16Persian5920.12%
17Italian5640.11%
18French4430.09%
19Lithuanian4360.09%
20Greek3820.08%
Other7,9451.60%

Religion

The religious makeup of Bradford by single year age groups in 2021. Blue is Christian, green is Muslim, and grey is no religion.

The following table shows the religion of respondents in the 2001, 2011 and 2021 censuses in the City of Bradford.

Religion 1980 estimates[23] 1989 estimations[24] 2001[25] 2011[26] 2021[27]
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %
Holds religious beliefs – – – – 367,518 78.58 381,876 73.09 362,291 66.3
Christian – – – – 281,236 60.14 239,843 45.91 182,566 33.4
Muslim 45,000 – 50,000 – 75,188 16.08 129,041 24.70 166,846 30.5
Sikh – – – – 4,748 1.02 5,125 0.98 4,834 0.9
Hindu – – – – 4,457 0.95 4,882 0.93 4,757 0.9
Buddhist – – – – 537 0.11 1,000 0.19 959 0.2
Jewish – – – – 356 0.08 299 0.06 254 <0.1
Other religion – – – – 996 0.21 1,686 0.32 2,074 0.4
No religion – – – – 62,266 13.31 108,027 20.68 154,305 28.2
Religion not stated – – – – 37,921 8.11 32,549 6.23 29,816 5.5
Total population – – – – 467,655 100.0 522,452 100.0 546,412 100.0

Industry

Bradford's industry sectors, 1841 to 2011

Manufacturing in Bradford has collapsed since the middle half of the 20th century.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "2011 Built-up Areas – Methodology and Guidance" (PDF). Office for National Statistics. 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 October 2021. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
  2. ↑ UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Bradford Built-up area sub division (E35001211)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
  3. ↑ Welshman, John (2001). "Tuberculosis and ethnicity in England and Wales, 1950–70". Sociology of Health & Illness. 22 (6): 858–882. doi:10.1111/1467-9566.00234. ISSN 0141-9889.
  4. ↑ "Urban Ethnicity". Routledge & CRC Press. p. 80. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
  5. ↑ Jones, P. N. (1978). "The Distribution and Diffusion of the Coloured Population in England and Wales, 1961–71". Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers. 3 (4): 515–532. Bibcode:1978TrIBG...3..515J. doi:10.2307/622127. ISSN 0020-2754. JSTOR 622127. PMID 12157820.
  6. ↑ Simpson, Ludi (March 2004). "Statistics of Racial Segregation: Measures, Evidence and Policy". Urban Studies. 41 (3): 661–681. Bibcode:2004UrbSt..41..661S. doi:10.1080/0042098042000178735. ISSN 0042-0980. S2CID 154380697.
  7. ↑ Data is taken from United Kingdom Casweb Data services of the United Kingdom 1991 Census on Ethnic Data for England, Scotland and Wales Archived 5 April 2022 at the Wayback Machine (Table 6)
  8. ↑ "Office of National Statistics; 2001 Census Key Statistics". webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 5 January 2016. Retrieved 7 September 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  9. ↑ "2011 Census: Ethnic Group, local authorities in England and Wales". webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 5 January 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  10. ↑ "Ethnic group – Office for National Statistics". www.ons.gov.uk. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  11. ↑ Rees, P. H.; Ram, S. (1987). "Projections of the Residential Distribution of an Ethnic Group: Indians in Bradford". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space. 19 (10): 1323–1358. Bibcode:1987EnPlA..19.1323R. doi:10.1068/a191323. ISSN 0308-518X.
  12. ↑ "School and pupil characteristics". webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 4 January 2013. Retrieved 8 November 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  13. ↑ "Schools, pupils and their characteristics, Academic Year 2021/22". explore-education-statistics.service.gov.uk. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  14. ↑ "Immigrant Pupils (Hansard, 15 February 1968)". api.parliament.uk. Retrieved 11 June 2024.
  15. ↑ "Immigrants – Volume 837: debated on Monday 22 May 1972 – Hansard".
  16. ↑ Gunn, Simon (October 2010). "The Rise and Fall of British Urban Modernism: Planning Bradford, circa 1945–1970". Journal of British Studies. 49 (4): 849–869. doi:10.1086/654912. ISSN 1545-6986.
  17. ↑ Division, Great Britain Community Relations Commission Reference and Technical Services (1977). Housing Choice and Ethnic Concentration: An Attitude Study. The Commission.
  18. 1 2 3 4 Jackson, Peter (1 April 1992). "The racialization of labour in post-war Bradford". Journal of Historical Geography. 18 (2): 190–209. doi:10.1016/0305-7488(92)90131-R. ISSN 0305-7488.
  19. ↑ Coates, Bryan E. (1968). "The Distribution of the Overseas-Born Population of the British Isles". Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers (43): 37–43. doi:10.2307/621485. ISSN 0020-2754. JSTOR 621485.
  20. ↑ "1981 census - small area statistics - Nomis - Official Census and Labour Market Statistics". www.nomisweb.co.uk. Retrieved 25 April 2023.
  21. ↑ "TS004 – Country of birth – Nomis – Official Census and Labour Market Statistics". www.nomisweb.co.uk. Retrieved 22 April 2023.
  22. ↑ "Download:local authorities: county / unitary". NOMIS. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
  23. ↑ Smith, P. R. (1980). "The Islamic environment in a British city — a case study of Leicester (extract)". Ekistics. 47 (280): 79–83. ISSN 0013-2942. JSTOR 43619730.
  24. ↑ Le Lohé, M. J. (October 1989). "Political issues". Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 16 (1): 137–144. doi:10.1080/1369183X.1989.9976165. ISSN 1369-183X.
  25. ↑ "KS007 - Religion - Nomis - 2001". www.nomisweb.co.uk. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
  26. ↑ "KS209EW (Religion) – Nomis – 2011". www.nomisweb.co.uk. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
  27. ↑ "Religion – 2021 census". Office of National Statistics. 29 November 2022. Archived from the original on 29 November 2022. Retrieved 16 December 2022.
This page is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.