Kde domov můj
| English: 'Where Is My Home' | |
|---|---|
.jpg) "Kde domov můj" score written by Škroup in Prague, 1 August 1860 | |
National anthem of the Czech Republic Former co-national anthem of Czechoslovakia Former regional anthem of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia | |
| Lyrics | Josef Kajetán Tyl, 1834 |
| Music | František Škroup, 1834 |
| Adopted | 1918 (co-national) |
| Readopted | 1990 (national) |
| Audio sample | |
2008 official orchestral and vocal recording by the Choir and Orchestra of the Opera of the Prague National Theatre more recordings below: Instrumentation↓
| |
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"Kde domov můj" (pronounced [ɡdɛ ˈdomof muːj] ⓘ) is the national anthem of the Czech Republic. It was composed by František Škroup and written by Josef Kajetán Tyl.[1][2]
History
Origin
The piece was written as a part of the incidental music. The piece was one of the twenty-one songs written for comedy Fidlovačka aneb Žádný hněv a žádná rvačka (Fiddlers' Feast, or No Anger and No Brawl). It was first performed by Karel Strakatý at the Estates Theatre in Prague on 21 December 1834. The original song consists of two stanzas (verses). Even if J. K. Tyl is said to have considered leaving the song out of the play, hesitating about its quality, it soon became most popular song from the Fiddlers' Feast which gained popularity among Czechs, seeking to revive their identity within the Habsburg monarchy, and quickly became their unofficial patriotic anthem.
Johann Strauss the Younger included the motif of Kde domov můj into his Slaven-Potpourri (Slavic Potpourri) of melodies of folk songs and dances (Op. 39, 1847).[3] In 1882, Antonín Dvořák used Kde domov můj in his symphonic poem, overture to František Ferdinand Šamberk's play Josef Kajetán Tyl, which is often performed separately as Domov můj (My Home), a concert work of some ten minutes.[4] Rainer Maria Rilke paid tribute to Kde domov můj, in Czech, in two poems, in German, published in Larenopfer (1895).[5][6]
Adoption
Soon after Czechoslovakia was formed in 1918, the first verse of the song became the Czech part of the national anthem, followed by the first stanza of the Slovak song Nad Tatrou sa blýska with official translations into German and Hungarian.[7]
During World War II German-controlled Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia kept that song as its anthem. During the German-occupied Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1939–1945), state kept song as its anthem. Regional anthem was usually played along with German anthems Deutschlandlied and Nazi Horst-Wessel-Lied.[7]
With the split of Czechoslovakia in December 1992, the Czech Republic kept Kde domov můj and Slovakia kept Nad Tatrou sa blýska as their anthems. While Slovakia extended its anthem by adding a second verse, the Czech Republic's national anthem was adopted unextended, in its single-verse version.[2]
Law
The lyrics of the Czech stanza stayed on as Czech Republic's national anthem, according to Appendix 6 of Czech Act No. 3/1993 Coll., as adapted by Act No. 154/1998 Coll.[1]
Lyrics
Original song
| Czech | IPA transcription[a] | |
|---|---|---|
Kde domov můj, kde domov můj, |
[ɡdɛ ˈdo.mof muːj | ɡdɛ ˈdo.mof muːj |] |
| English translation |
|---|
Where is my home, where is my home, |
National anthem of Czechoslovakia (1918–1992)
| Czech and Slovak | IPA transcription[a] | |
|---|---|---|
Kde domov můj, kde domov můj, |
[ɡdɛ ˈdo.mof muːj | ɡdɛ ˈdo.mof muːj |] |
| German version (first stanza 1918–1938, 1939–1945) |
Hungarian version (first stanza 1920–1938) | |
|---|---|---|
Wo ist mein Heim, mein Vaterland, |
Hol van honom, hol a hazám, |
| English translation (second stanza) |
|---|
𝄆 Far above the Tatras |
Instrumentation
The orchestration of the hymn by Otakar Jeremiáš (1892–1962), in three versions – for large orchestra (1930), for small orchestra (1932), and in the so-called pastoral/Christmas version for organ and orchestra (1932) – is still performed today.
The current, and since 2008 newly official, recording of the Czech national anthem, released 2008 by the Czech government,[8] orchestrated by Otakar Jeremiáš and Jaroslav Krček (*1939), was performed by the National Theatre Opera Chorus and Orchestra under the direction of Jiří Bělohlávek in four interpretations:
- instrumental version, National Theatre Orchestra
- choral version, National Theatre Opera Chorus
- female solo, sung by Kateřina Kněžíková, soprano *
- male solo, sung by Adam Plachetka, bass-baritone *
- * *1982 and *1985, soloists of the National Theatre Opera, married since 2012, two daughters)[9]
The celebratory performance of the new recordings took place on the Czech Statehood Day, Sunday, 28 September 2008, in the Pantheon of the Prague National Museum.[8]
Notes
- 1 2 See Help:IPA/Czech and Czech phonology.
References
- 1 2 legally regulated as an anthem, most recently in §7 of the Czech laws 3/1993 und 154/1998: (cs) sb/1993/3 and sb/1998/154 on e-sbirka.cz, official collection of laws, website of the Czech government
- 1 2 "Ročník 1993 – Sbírka Zákonů České Republiky – Částka 2 – Rozeslána dne 29. prosince 1992: 3. Zákon České národní rady o státních symbolech České republiky, § 7: Státní hymna" [1993 – Collection of Laws of the Czech Republic – Section 2 – Dispatched on 29 December 1992: 3. Czech National Council Act on State Symbols of the Czech Republic, Article 7: State anthem] (PDF) (in Czech). Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic. 1993. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 May 2011.
(1) Státní hymnu tvoří první sloka písně Františka Škroupa na slova Josefa Kajetána Tyla "Kde domov můj". (2) Text a notový záznam státní hymny jsou přílohou 6 tohoto zákona. [TRANS] (1) The state anthem is the first verse of the song by František Škroup with the words of Josef Kajetán Tyl "Where my home is". (2) The text and the notes of the national anthem are annex 6 of this Act.
- ↑ English version of the booklet (page 90) in the 52-CD complete edition of the orchestral works of Johann Strauss II, Naxos, Slaven-Potpourri can be heard as the second track on CD 34 (Johann Strauss Sohn: Komplette Orchesterwerke on naxosdirekt.de)
- ↑ (cs) Můj domov, op. 62, B125a / (en) My Home, Op. 62, B125a, on antonin-dvorak.cz/en, web of the Czech National Library (NK ČR), project WebArchiv (WebArchive)
- ↑ (de) Rainer Maria Rilke. Sämtliche Werke. Band I, Insel-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, 1955, an there: Kajetan Týl (p. 38.) and Das Heimatlied (p. 68.) (note: here above Kajetan Týl (misprint) corrected to Kajetán Tyl)
- ↑ Kajetán Tyl and Das Heimatlied on rilke.de, web of Thilo von Pape, (than in) Besançon, France
- 1 2 (cs) (en) Státní hymna České republiky v proměnách doby / The Czech republic's national anthem down the ages – Kde domov můj / Where is My Home, Úřad vlády České republiky, Národní muzeum, Národní divadlo, Český rozhlas (Office of the Government of the Czech Republic, National Museum, National Theatre, Czech Radio), 2008, on vlada.gov.cz, web of the Czech government / printed edition by Gabriel Gössel (*1943–†2020), published 2008 by the Government of the Czech Republic (on books.google.com)
- 1 2 (cs) Česká státní hymna (Czech national anthem), 22 October 2008 on vlada.gov.cz, web of the Czech government / and down there: Nová nahrávka české hymny (New recording of the Czech anthem)
- ↑ (cs) (en) katerinaknezikova.com and (cs) (en) (de) adamplachetka.com
External links
- Czech Republic: Kde domov můj? – Audio of the national anthem of the Czech Republic, with information and lyrics (archive link)
- State Symbols – Ministry of Foreign Affairs – The Ministry of Foreign Affairs has a page about state symbols that includes a copy of the music of the anthem.
- New (2008) official recordings – female solo, male solo, choir, and orchestral versions.