Cytonuclear discordance

Cytonuclear discordance, also known as mitonuclear discordance, mito-nuclear discordance, or nuclear-mitochondrial discordance, describes the discrepancy in phylogenetic relationships using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) versus nuclear genes (or nuclear DNA, nDNA). In other words, mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences may lead to different, if not contradictory, phylogenetic trees that show the relationships among species. In theory, nuclear DNA and mtDNA sequences should lead to similar phylogenetic tree topologies among species but this is often not the case.

Examples

An example among mammals are Australian rock-wallabies (Petrogale) in which several species form a monophyletic group with nDNA genes, but not with mtDNA. This cytonuclear discordance involves at least four operational taxonomic units (OTUs) across four species.[1]

Another example among insects is the relationship among some gomphocerine grasshoppers. Phylogenies based on complete mitogenomes recovered some species as para- or polyphyletic. By contrast, a phylogeny based on nuclear genes derived from transcriptomic data retrieved all species as monophyletic clusters.[2]

Many other taxonomic groups display cytonuclear discordance, e.g. reptiles such as Burmese pythons,[3] vipers of the genus Cerastes,[4] or geckos of the genera Cyrtodactylus[5] and Homonota.[6]

References

  1. ↑ Potter, Sally; Moritz, Craig; Piggott, Maxine P; Bragg, Jason G; Afonso Silva, Ana C; Bi, Ke; McDonald-Spicer, Christiana; Turakulov, Rustamzhon; Eldridge, Mark D B (2024-04-05). "Museum skins enable identification of introgression associated with cytonuclear discordance". Systematic Biology. 73 (3): 579–593. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syae016. ISSN 1063-5157. PMC 11377193. PMID 38577768.
  2. ↑ Hawlitschek, Oliver; Ortiz, Edgardo M.; Noori, Sajad; Webster, Kathleen C.; Husemann, Martin; Pereira, Ricardo J. (May 2022). "Transcriptomic data reveals nuclear-mitochondrial discordance in Gomphocerinae grasshoppers (Insecta: Orthoptera: Acrididae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 170 107439. Bibcode:2022MolPE.17007439H. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107439. PMID 35189365.
  3. ↑ Hunter, Margaret E.; Johnson, Nathan A.; Smith, Brian J.; Davis, Michelle C.; Butterfield, John S. S.; Snow, Ray W.; Hart, Kristen M. (September 2018). "Cytonuclear discordance in the Florida Everglades invasive Burmese python (Python bivittatus) population reveals possible hybridization with the Indian python (P. molurus)". Ecology and Evolution. 8 (17): 9034–9047. Bibcode:2018EcoEv...8.9034H. doi:10.1002/ece3.4423. ISSN 2045-7758. PMC 6157680. PMID 30271564.
  4. ↑ Mochales-Riaño, Gabriel; Burriel-Carranza, Bernat; Barros, Margarida Isabel; Velo-Antón, Guillermo; Talavera, Adrián; Spilani, Loukia; Tejero-Cicuéndez, Héctor; Crochet, Pierre-André; Piris, Alberto (2023-10-04). "Hidden in the sand: phylogenomics unravel an unexpected evolutionary history on the desert-adapted vipers of the genus Cerastes". bioRxiv 10.1101/2023.10.03.560686.
  5. ↑ Nguyen, Sang Ngoc; Zhou, Wei-Wei; Le, Thanh-Ngan Thi; Tran, Anh-Dao Thi; Jin, Jie-Qiong; Vo, Ba Dinh; Nguyen, Luan Thanh; Nguyen, Tao Thien; Nguyen, Truong Quang; Hoang, Dat Duc; Orlov, Nikolai L.; Che, Jing; Murphy, Robert; Zhang, Ya-Ping (2017-04-19). "Cytonuclear Discordance, Cryptic Diversity, Complex Histories, and Conservation Needs in Vietnamese Bent-toed Geckos of the Cyrtodactylus irregularis Species Complex". Russian Journal of Herpetology. 24 (2): 133–154. doi:10.30906/1026-2296-2017-24-2-133-154 (inactive 20 August 2026). ISSN 1026-2296.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2026 (link)
  6. ↑ Sánchez, Kevin I; López, Mariana A; Sites, Jack W, Jr; Avila, Luciano J; Morando, Mariana (2026-08-01). "Integrative delimitation and demographic modelling uncover speciation with gene flow in Homonota geckos (Gekkota: Phyllodactylidae) from Argentina's highlands". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 207 (4) zlag118. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlag118. ISSN 0024-4082.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)


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