Commissioner of Police (Singapore)

Commissioner of the
Singapore Police Force
Incumbent
How Kwang Hwee
since 6 January 2026
Singapore Police Force
TypeCommissioner of Police
AbbreviationCP
Reports toMinister for Home Affairs
AppointerPresident of Singapore
Term lengthNo term limit
Constituting instrumentCap. 235, 2006 Rev. Ed.
Formation1857 (1857)
First holderThomas Dunman
DeputyDeputy Commissioner of Police
Commissioner of Police rank epaulettes

The Commissioner of Police is the head of the Singapore Police Force (SPF). The Commissioner is assisted by the Deputy Commissioner of Police, and reports to the Minister for Home Affairs. The current Commissioner of Police is How Kwang Hwee.

The position was created with the Police Act of 1856 (and passed in 1857), in response to calls for a full-time dedicated police officer to helm the police force in response to escalating cases of violent crime in Singapore during that period. Thomas Dunman was appointed as a Deputy Magistrate and Superintendent of Police in 1843, before he assumed responsibilities as the first full-time Commissioner of Police in June 1857.

Organisational Chart of the Straits Settlements Police for the year 1931. The CPO for Singapore is found on the left.

When Singapore, Malacca and Penang became Crown colonies of the British Empire in 1867, joining the Straits Settlements, the Singapore Police Force was made one of the three primary components of the Straits Settlements Police Force (SSPF). While the capitol city of the Straits Settlements was located in Singapore, and the SSPF maintained the office of Inspector-General of the Straits Settlements Police, the Singapore Police was led by a different commander known as the Chief Police Officer (CPO), who would usually, but not always, hold the rank of Superintendent of Police.[1] There was a Chief Police Officer for each District of the Straits Settlements, and they reported directly to the Inspector General. They were responsible for the Chief Police Office, which acted as the headquarters of the Singapore Police Force. For a long period, the CPO also acted as the Registrar of Hackney Carriages, before the invention of automobiles.

CPO was a title, while Superintendent was a rank. The Police Force Ordinance of 1871 states clearly that the Chief Police Officer was the officer with the highest rank in the settlement, after the Inspector-General. The Police Force Ordinance of 1872 reiterated this. In the earlier years, there was only one Superintendent in Singapore, and they automatically filled the title of Chief Police Officer. This is iterated in The Prevention of Crime Ordinance 1880, (No. VI of 1880), where Singapore is defined as: "Singapore. The Superintendent of Police being the Chief Police Officer of this District..." and that the CPO's jurisdiction included Singapore Town and four Divisions of the District.[2] In 1887, the High Court debated the definition of CPO, but the language was clarified by Attorney General Bosner.[3]

As the city grew, by the 1930's, there were multiple Superintendents. In 1932, for example, the Blue Book lists two Superintendents, but one of them was in charge of Special Branch (the intelligence agency), while the other was in charge of the Police. By 1936, in the Settlement of over a million people, there were 6 Superintendents listed – the CPO was the most senior of those.

In March, 1940, the position of Chief Police Officer was eliminated, and the former CPO became known as the Deputy Inspector General of Police for Administration of the Straits Settlements, while simultaneously performing as CPO, managing the Singapore Police Force. Because of the wartime functions of the Inspector General, the Deputy Inspector General took administrative charge of all uniformed police forces in the Straits Settlements.[4]

In 1900, quarters for the Chief Police Officer were erected on Fort Canning.[5] In 1931, the Chief Police Office was moved from South Bridge Road to Robinson Road.[6]

This lasted until the Japanese occupation of Singapore in 1942, before the position was restored as the Commissioner of Police in 1946 with the return of the British and the gradual instatement of self-governance.

The President of Singapore has the power to appoint the Commissioner of Police on the advice of the Cabinet.[7]

List of commissioners of police

Commissioner of the Singapore Police Force

British Military Administration

Civil Affairs Police Force

# Portrait Commissioner of Police Took office Left office
Robert Edward Foulger 1945 1946
Colony of Singapore
# Portrait Commissioner of Police Took office Left office
1 Robert Edward Foulger 1946 1951
2 J. P. Pennefather-Evans 1951 1952
3 Nigel G Morris 1952 1957
4 Alan Edmund Grove Blades 1957 21 March 1963
State of Singapore
# Portrait Commissioner of Police Took office Left office
5 John Le Cain 21 March 1963 1965
Singapore
# Portrait Commissioner of Police Took office Left office
5 John Le Cain 1965 1967
6 Cheam Kim Seang 1967 1972
7 Tan Teck Khim 1973 1981
8 Goh Yong Hong 1981 1992
9 Tee Tua Ba 1992 1997
10 Khoo Boon Hui 1997 2010
11 Ng Joo Hee 2010 2015
12 Hoong Wee Teck 2015 2026
13 How Kwang Hwee 2026 Incumbent

Singapore in the Straits Settlements

Superintendent of the Singapore Police Force

# Portrait Commissioner of Police Took office Left office Ref.
1 Thomas Dunman 1846 1856 [8]

Commissioners of the Singapore Police Force

# Portrait Commissioner of Police Took office Left office Ref.
1 Henry Somerset Mackenzie,

as Resident Councillor of Singapore

 1856 1857 [9]
2 Thomas Dunman 1857 1861
– Bruce Robertson 1861 1862 [10]
2 Thomas Dunman 1862 18 August 1871 [11]
3 Charles Bushe Plunket 18 August 1871 Promoted to Inspector-General [11]

Chief Police Officers of the Singapore Police District

The Chief Police Officer did not have to be a Superintendent, simply the highest-ranking officer in the Settlement after the IG. Many of the CPOs were Assistant Superintendents or Second Superintendents, but usually were promoted to "Acting Superintendent" to avoid confusion. Rotations between the Settlements were very common; CPOs served at the discretion of the government, and often had to sail to another Settlement to fill-in for someone else who was going on leave or was out sick, or to obtain promotions for themselves. After stressful postings, CPOs were also often given lengthy leave to go back to England, and while there, they could often receive modernized training at Scotland Yard.

# Portrait Chief Police Officer Took office Left office Ref.
1 Charles Brown Waller Promoted from

Deputy Commissioner

 26 April 1872 [12]
Robert Walter Maxwell 26 April 1872 13 August 1872 [13][14][12][15]
Charles Brown Waller 13 August 1872 17 December 1872 [15][12]
Samuel Dunlop 17 December 1872 26 December 1872 [12][16][17]
– Henry Patrick Coghill Plunket 26 December 1872 17 July 1873 [12][17][18][19]
– Walter John Tatham 17 July 1873 1873 [18][20]
Robert Walter Maxwell

 (WIA)

 4 December 1873 1 October 1877 [21][18][22][23][24][25][26]
– Cranston Erasmus Ommaney 26 December 1877 19 April 1878 [27][28][29][30][31]
– Arthur Phillip Talbot 25 June 1878 5 July 1879 [32][33][28][34]
– Herbert Jackson Harmer Riccard 24 July 1879 25 March 1881 [32][35][36][37][38][39][40]
Cranston Erasmus Ommaney 25 March 1881 9 September 1882 # [39][40][41][42]
Herbert Jackson Harmer Riccard 9 September 1882 16 January 1883 [42][43][44][45][46]
– Harry Osman Newland 6 September 1883 3 November 1884 [47][48][49]
Edward Horatio Bell 22 October 1884 4 April 1889 [49][50][51][52][53]
– William Andrew Cuscaden 4 April 1889 4 May 1889 [54][55]
– Harry Osman Newland 4 May 1889 1 August 1890 [56][54][57]
– Edward C. Hogge 1 August 1890 30 December 1890 [58][59][60][61][62]
– William Andrew Cuscaden 9 February 1891 7 January 1892 [63][64][65][66]
– Harry Osman Newland 7 January 1892 4 April 1893 [66][67]
Edward Horatio Bell 4 April 1893 19 April 1894 [68][69]
– Harry Osman Newland 19 April 1894 1894 [69][70][71][48]
– Edward Horatio Bell 25 April 1895 1 April 1898 [72][73][74]
– William Andrew Cuscaden 1 April 1898 8 March 1901 [74][73][75][76][77][78][76][79]
– Alan Lindsay Stewart 8 March 1901 27 December 1901 [77][78][80][81]
– Charles Trevelyan Wathen 27 December 1901 30 August 1902 [80][82][83]
– William Edward Ure Grove 30 August 1902 6 September 1903 [83][84][85][86][87]
– Edward Archibald Gardiner 19 September 1903 6 December 1903 [88][89][86][90][91]
William Andrew Cuscaden 6 December 1903 16 March 1904 [86][92]
Edward Archibald Gardiner 16 March 1904 18 March 1904 [92][93]
William Andrew Cuscaden 18 March 1904 27 September 1906 [92][94][95][96]
– Jermyn d’Arcy Travers Symonds 27 September 1906 14 December 1906 [95][97]
– Wilfred Robert John Hawtrey 14 December 1906 February 1907 [95]
William Edward Ure Grove February 1907 September 1907 [98][99]
Alexander Richard Chancellor 12 September 1907 20 November 1908 [100][101][102][103]
– Edward Archibald Gardiner 20 November 1908 25 February 1910 [102][104][105]
Alexander Richard Chancellor 25 February 1910 23 July 1910 [105][106][107][108]
– Edward Archibald Gardiner 30 July 1910 6 December 1910 [109][110][111][112][108]
– Charles Basil Whitehead 6 December 1910 23 December 1910 [108]
William Andrew Cuscaden

(Temporarily, as Inspector General)

 23 December 1910 18 February 1911 [108]
William Montagu Lance Bower 18 February 1911 21 September 1911 [108][113][114][115]
Alexander Richard Chancellor 21 September 1911 3 March 1914 [115][116][117]
George Herbert May 3 March 1914 June 1916 [116][118][116][119][120]
– Arthur Robert Johnstone Dewar 30 June 1916 21 August 1916 [121][122]
Charles Hannigan 21 August 1916 1 May 1920 [123][124][125][126][127]
– Nevil Alfred Malcolm Griffin 1 May 1920 28 October 1920 [128][129][130]
Andrew Joseph Sheedy

(Not to be confused with
Andrew Francis Sheedy)

 28 October 1920 16 November 1920 [131]
Nevil Alfred Malcolm Griffin 16 November 1920 1 April 1921 [132][133][134]
Andrew Joseph Sheedy 1 April 1921 15 April 1921 [135][136]
Victor George Savi 15 April 1921 21 March 1922 [136][137][138]
Charles Hannigan 21 March 1922 28 December 1922 [139][140][141]
– Andrew Joseph Sheedy 28 December 1922 6 January 1923 [141][142]
– William Montagu Lance Bower 6 January 1923 April 1923 [143][144][145]
Charles Hannigan April 1923 10 February 1925 [144][145][146][147][148][149][150]
Francis Edward Harmer 10 February 1925 10 April 1925 [151][152][153][154]
Harold Fairburn 10 April 1925 1 July 1925 [154][155][156][157]
– Andrew Joseph Sheedy 1 July 1925 1 November 1925 [157][156][158][159]
Charles Henry Sansom 7 November 1925 1 December 1925 [160][161]
– René H de S Onraet 3 December 1925 11 October 1926 [162][163][164][165]
Charles Henry Sansom 11 October 1926 16 August 1928 [165][166][167][168]
– Andrew Joseph Sheedy 23 August 1928 21 December 1929 [168][169][170][171][172]
Charles Henry Sansom 21 December 1929 1 May 1930 [173][174]
– Victor George Savi 1 May 1930 11 June 1931 [174][175][176][177][178]
– René H de S Onraet 11 June 1931 28 January 1932 [179][180][181]
Victor George Savi 28 January 1932 20 June 1934 [182][183][184][185][186][187]
– Hugh Lambert Mitchell 2 September 1934 12 November 1934 [188][189]
– René H de S Onraet 12 November 1934 7 March 1935 [190][191]
Nevil Alfred Malcolm Griffin 7 March 1935 8 June 1936 [191][192][193][194][195]
– Mervyn Llewelyn Wynne 8 June 1936 16 June 1938 [195][196][197]
– John Pennefather Pennefather Evans 16 June 1938 2 July 1938 [198][199]
Ewald Egerton Herbert Beck 2 July 1938 January 1939 [200][201]
L. A. Thomas January 1939 1940 [201][202][203][204]

Deputy Inspector General for Administration of the Straits Settlements and Chief Police Officer of Singapore

# Portrait Deputy I.G., Administration Took office Left office Ref.
L. A. Thomas 1940 ? [4]

References

  1. ↑ "Annual Report on the Social and Economic Progress of the People of the STRAITS SETTLEMENTS" (PDF). 1935. p. 60.
  2. ↑ "Straits Settlements government gazette, v. 19, no. 27-55 (July 3-Dec. 31, 1885)". www.nlb.gov.sg. 1885. p. 207. Retrieved 21 August 2026.
  3. ↑ "Straits Settlements government gazette, v. 22, no. 1-16 (Jan. 6-Mar. 28, 1888)". www.nlb.gov.sg. 1888. pp. 249, 298. Retrieved 21 August 2026.
  4. 1 2 "IMPORTANT NEW POST FOR COLONY'S POLICE". The Straits Times. 8 March 1940. p. 10.
  5. ↑ "THE GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS". Singapore Free Press And Mercantile Advertiser. 2 October 1900. p. 3.
  6. ↑ "POLICE CHANGES". Singapore Free Press And Mercantile Advertiser. 7 December 1931. p. 15.
  7. ↑ "Police Force Act - Singapore Statutes Online". sso.agc.gov.sg. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
  8. ↑ Turnbull, C. M. (1970). "Internal Security in the Straits Settlements, 1826-1867". Journal of Southeast Asian Studies. 1 (1): 39. ISSN 0022-4634. JSTOR 20069845.
  9. ↑ "Under the New Police Act..." The Straits Times. 11 November 1856. p. 3.
  10. ↑ Turnbull, C. M. (1970). "Internal Security in the Straits Settlements, 1826-1867". Journal of Southeast Asian Studies. 1 (1): 51. ISSN 0022-4634.
  11. 1 2 "Straits Settlements government gazette, no. 1-52 (Jan. 6-Dec. 29, 1871)". www.nlb.gov.sg. 1871. p. 395. Retrieved 20 August 2026.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 "Straits Settlements government gazette, no. 1-52 (Jan. 5-Dec. 27, 1872)". www.nlb.gov.sg. 1872. p. 126, 410, 1091, 1127. Retrieved 20 August 2026.
  13. ↑ "We learn that..." The Straits Times. 1 June 1872. p. 2.
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  15. 1 2 "Among the passengers..." The Straits Times. 17 August 1872. p. 5.
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  18. 1 2 3 "Straits Settlements government gazette, no. 27-52 (July 4-Dec. 26, 1873)". www.nlb.gov.sg. 1873. pp. 940, 3591. Retrieved 20 August 2026.
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  26. ↑ "VARIORUM". The Singapore Daily Times. 12 October 1877. p. 3.
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  31. ↑ "PROHIBITION OF THE EXPORT OF TORPEDOES". The Singapore Daily Times. 20 April 1878. p. 2.
  32. 1 2 "Straits Settlements government gazette, no. 27-52 (July 4-Dec.26, 1879)". www.nlb.gov.sg. 1879. pp. 436, 487. Retrieved 20 August 2026.
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  35. ↑ "POLITICAL TELEGRAMS". Pinang Gazette And Straits Chronicle. 16 July 1879. p. 3.
  36. ↑ "REUTER'S TELEGRAMS". The Singapore Daily Times. 18 October 1879. p. 2.
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  40. 1 2 "REUTER'S TELEGRAMS". The Singapore Daily Times. 25 March 1881. p. 2.
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  111. ↑ "SINGAPORE CHIEF POLICE OFFICER ILL". Pinang Gazette And Straits Chronicle. 6 December 1910. p. 5.
  112. ↑ "Tobin—Gardiner Case". The Straits Echo. 7 June 1912. p. 5.
  113. ↑ "SOCIAL AND PERSONAL". The Straits Times. 18 February 1911. p. 8.
  114. ↑ "Trouble at Pulau Obin". Pinang Gazette And Straits Chronicle. 7 April 1911. p. 2.
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  116. 1 2 3 "GOVERNMENT APPOINT-MENTS". Malaya Tribune. 9 March 1914. p. 4.
  117. ↑ "MR. A. R. CHANCELLOR". Malaya Tribune. 20 March 1914. p. 7.
  118. ↑ "Government Appointments". The Straits Times. 7 February 1914. p. 10.
  119. ↑ "Local and General". Malaya Tribune. 30 June 1916. p. 9.
  120. ↑ [Government of the Straits Settlements] (1916). Colony of the Straits Settlements. Blue Book 1915. p. 305.
  121. ↑ "New Appointments". Malaya Tribune. 29 July 1916. p. 7.
  122. ↑ "Government Appointments". The Straits Budget. 15 September 1916. p. 9.
  123. ↑ "M. A. P." The Straits Echo. 28 August 1916. p. 6.
  124. ↑ "Singapore Free Press And Mercantile Advertiser". 26 August 1916. p. 6.
  125. ↑ Colony of the Straits Settlements Blue Book 1923. Government Printing Office. 1924. p. 266.
  126. ↑ "Singapore Riots". Straits Echo. 25 June 1919. p. 932.
  127. ↑ "Government Appointments". The Straits Times. 1 May 1920. p. 8.
  128. ↑ "Government Appointments". The Straits Times. 1 May 1920. p. 8.
  129. ↑ "S.C.C. CRICKET TEAM FOR HONGKONG". Singapore Free Press And Mercantile Advertiser. 16 October 1920. p. 14.
  130. ↑ "Interport Cricket and Tennis". The Straits Times. 27 October 1920. p. 10.
  131. ↑ "SOCIAL AND PERSONAL". The Straits Times. 1 November 1920. p. 8.
  132. ↑ "Inter-Port Cricket. Malaya Beats Hongkong By 35 Runs". The Straits Budget. 12 November 1920. p. 16.
  133. ↑ "Mr. N. A. M. Griffin's Wedding". The Straits Times. 10 December 1920. p. 10.
  134. ↑ "Homeward Bound". The Straits Times. 30 March 1921. p. 8.
  135. ↑ "SOCIAL AND PERSONAL". Pinang Gazette And Straits Chronicle. 6 April 1921. p. 7.
  136. 1 2 "SOCIAL & PERSONAL". Pinang Gazette And Straits Chronicle. 15 April 1921. p. 5.
  137. ↑ "SOCIAL & PERSONAL". Pinang Gazette And Straits Chronicle. 15 April 1921. p. 5.
  138. ↑ "SOCIAL & PERSONAL". Pinang Gazette And Straits Chronicle. 15 April 1921. p. 5.
  139. ↑ "M.A.P." Straits Echo. 21 March 1922. p. 318.
  140. ↑ "TUESDAY, MARCH 21, 1922". Singapore Free Press And Mercantile Advertiser. 23 March 1922. p. 186.
  141. 1 2 "Singapore Free Press And Mercantile Advertiser". 6 January 1923. p. 6.
  142. ↑ ""Major Bower, S. S. Police, has..." "Mr. C. Hannigan has..."". Singapore Free Press And Mercantile Advertiser. 6 January 1923. p. 6.
  143. ↑ "SOCIAL AND PERSONAL". The Straits Times. 13 January 1923. p. 8.
  144. 1 2 "SOCIAL AND PERSONAL". The Straits Times. 3 April 1923. p. 8.
  145. 1 2 "MAINLY ABOUT PEOPLE". Straits Echo. 10 April 1923. p. 394.
  146. ↑ "SOCIAL AND PERSONAL". The Straits Times. 11 September 1923. p. 8.
  147. ↑ "LOCAL AND PERSONAL". The Straits Budget. 10 October 1924.
  148. ↑ "Mr. Hannigan's New Appointment". The Straits Budget. 30 January 1925. p. 16.
  149. ↑ "M. A. P." Straits Echo. 2 February 1925. p. 95.
  150. ↑ "Farewell to Mr. C. Hannigan". The Straits Times. 4 February 1925. p. 8.
  151. ↑ "SOCIAL & PERSONAL". Pinang Gazette And Straits Chronicle. 12 February 1925. p. 7.
  152. ↑ "Mr. F. G. Harmer..." The Straits Times. 10 February 1925. p. 9.
  153. ↑ "Mr. F. E. Harmer has..." Singapore Free Press And Mercantile Advertiser. 28 February 1925. p. 8.
  154. 1 2 "SINGAPORE'S C.P.O". The Straits Times. 14 April 1925. p. 9.
  155. ↑ "Mr. H. Fairburn..." Singapore Free Press And Mercantile Advertiser. 9 May 1925. p. 8.
  156. 1 2 "'KILL MARY PICKFORD.'". Pinang Gazette And Straits Chronicle. 2 July 1925. p. 7.
  157. 1 2 "LOCAL AND PERSONAL". The Straits Budget. 26 June 1925.
  158. ↑ "TIN RETURNS". The Straits Budget. 10 July 1925. p. 22.
  159. ↑ "We are informed that..." Malaya Tribune. 2 December 1925. p. 6.
  160. ↑ "Mr. C.H. Sansom..." Singapore Free Press And Mercantile Advertiser. 14 March 1925. p. 8.
  161. ↑ "Leaves of absence..." Malaya Tribune. 5 December 1925. p. 6.
  162. ↑ "Local Appointments". The Straits Budget. 11 December 1925. p. 2.
  163. ↑ "SOCIAL AND PERSONAL". Pinang Gazette And Straits Chronicle. 18 January 1926. p. 6.
  164. ↑ "Criminal Statistics". The Straits Budget. 16 September 1926. p. 12.
  165. 1 2 "SOCIAL AND PERSONAL". Pinang Gazette And Straits Chronicle. 16 October 1926. p. 6.
  166. ↑ "SOCIAL AND PERSONAL". The Straits Times. 12 October 1926. p. 8.
  167. ↑ "HYLAM RIOTS IN SINGAPORE". Malaya Tribune. 30 March 1927. p. 10.
  168. 1 2 "SOCIAL AND PERSONAL". The Straits Times. 20 August 1928. p. 8.
  169. ↑ "POLICE APPOINTMENTS". The Straits Times. 17 September 1928. p. 8.
  170. ↑ "DESPERATE FIGHT AT GEYLANG. Robber Gang Trapped. HAND-TO-HAND BATTLE IN COMPOUND". The Straits Budget. 5 December 1929. p. 2.
  171. ↑ "It is stated that..." Malaya Tribune. 30 December 1929. p. 8.
  172. ↑ "SOCIAL AND PERSONAL". The Straits Times. 27 January 1930. p. 10.
  173. ↑ "Mr. C H Sansom..." Malaya Tribune. 15 January 1930. p. 8.
  174. 1 2 "LOCAL AND PERSONAL". The Straits Budget. 8 May 1930.
  175. ↑ "SATURDAY, MAY 24, 1930". Singapore Free Press And Mercantile Advertiser. 28 May 1930. p. 344.
  176. ↑ "LAW NOTICE". Singapore Free Press And Mercantile Advertiser. 1 December 1931. p. 8.
  177. ↑ Colony of the Straits Settlements. Blue Book 1931. [Government of the Straits Settlements]. 1932. p. 387.
  178. ↑ "SOCIAL AND PERSONAL". Pinang Gazette And Straits Chronicle. 11 June 1931. p. 5.
  179. ↑ "SOCIAL AND PERSONAL". The Straits Times. 27 June 1931. p. 10.
  180. ↑ "His Excellency the Governor has..." Singapore Free Press And Mercantile Advertiser. 19 March 1932. p. 10.
  181. ↑ "Straits Settlements government gazette, v. 67, no. 16-31 (Mar. 1-Apr. 29, 1932)". www.nlb.gov.sg. 1932. p. 162. Retrieved 23 August 2026.
  182. ↑ "Straits Settlements government gazette, v. 67, no. 1-15 (Jan. 1-Feb. 26, 1932)". 1932. p. 874.
  183. ↑ "The following appointments..." Malaya Tribune. 5 March 1932. p. 8.
  184. ↑ "Mr. V. G. Savi..." Malaya Tribune. 13 February 1932. p. 8.
  185. ↑ "Mr. V. G. Savi..." Malaya Tribune. 6 June 1934. p. 10.
  186. ↑ "FORMER C.P.O. OF SINGAPORE". Malaya Tribune. 28 March 1935. p. 16.
  187. ↑ "Death in Scotland of former S'pore CPO". The Straits Times. 18 March 1966. p. 15.
  188. ↑ "S.S. GAZETTE". The Straits Times. 15 September 1934. p. 10.
  189. ↑ "Page 4 Advertisements Column 4". Malaya Tribune. 9 November 1934. p. 4.
  190. ↑ "GAZETTE NOTICES". Malaya Tribune. 15 December 1934. p. 11.
  191. 1 2 "FAREWELL TO MR. H. FAIRBURN". The Straits Times. 7 March 1935. p. 12.
  192. ↑ "SJ3. APPOINTMENTS". The Straits Times. 8 April 1935. p. 10.
  193. ↑ "CHANGES IN THE F.M.S. POLICE". Pinang Gazette And Straits Chronicle. 8 March 1935. p. 14.
  194. ↑ Straits Settlements Blue Book 1936. [Government of the Straits Settlements]. 1937. p. 390.
  195. 1 2 "SOCIAL and PERSONAL". Pinang Gazette And Straits Chronicle. 8 June 1936. p. 4.
  196. ↑ "SOCIAL and PERSONAL". Pinang Gazette And Straits Chronicle. 2 July 1936. p. 4.
  197. ↑ "S.S. APPOINTMENTS". The Straits Times. 8 August 1936. p. 10.
  198. ↑ "SINGAPORE C.P.O. GOING ON LEAVE". The Straits Budget. 16 June 1938. p. 7.
  199. ↑ "CHIEF POLICE OFFICER". Singapore Free Press And Mercantile Advertiser. 2 July 1938. p. 9.
  200. ↑ "GAZETTE APPOINTMENTS". Malaya Tribune. 9 July 1938. p. 9.
  201. 1 2 "POLICE CHANGES". Morning Tribune. 20 January 1939. p. 2.
  202. ↑ "MR. L. A. THOMAS". The Straits Times. 5 August 1939. p. 12.
  203. ↑ "Social and Personal". Pinang Gazette And Straits Chronicle. 7 August 1939. p. 7.
  204. ↑ "IMPORTANT NEW POST FOR COLONY'S POLICE". The Straits Times. 8 March 1940. p. 10.
  • "Policing Singapore in the 19th & 20th centuries", Peer M. Akbur, Singapore Police Force, 2002 ISBN 981-04-7024-X
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