China Educational Exchange of 1950

The China Educational Exchange of 1950 was a cross-cultural program authorized during the 81st United States Congress by unanimous consent of the United States House of Representatives in Bill 7797, the Foreign Economic Assistance Act of 1950.[1] The bill was an amendment to the Foreign Assistance Act of 1948 and Economic Cooperation Act of 1948, often known as the Marshall Plan.[2]

Background

On June 24, 1949, United States President Harry Truman recommended to the 81st United States Congress a Point Four Program encompassing aid to developing countries (Second World and Third World nations) after World War II.[3] On March 25 of the following year, Truman urged Congress for unanimous consent of the Foreign Assistance Act for underdeveloped countries confronting direct aggression, intimidation, and subversion while sustaining economic and political stability.[4][5] The act, supporting five foreign-aid programs, was signed into law by the president on June 5, 1950.[6][7]

Context

The China Educational Exchange of 1950 originated in the China Aid Act of 1948 under Title IV of the Marshall Plan.[8] The 1950 China educational exchange program was articulated by the China Area Aid Act of 1950, assimilated in Title II of the Foreign Economic Assistance Act of 1950:[9]

Title II - Aid to China ~ 64 Stat. 202-203 § 202, Chapter 220

Allocations for Tuition, etc.

That not more than $6,000,000 of such funds (excluding the amounts mentioned in the foregoing provisos), shall be available for allocation to the Secretary of State, to remain available until expended, under such regulations as the Secretary of State may prescribe, using private agencies to the maximum extent practicable, for necessary expenses of tuition, subsistence, transportation, and emergency medical care for selected citizens of China for study or teaching in accredited colleges, universities, or other educational institutions in the United States approved by the Secretary of State for the purposes, or for research and related academic and technical activities in the United States, and the Attorney General is hereby authorized and directed to promulgate regulations providing that such selected citizens of China who have been admitted for the purpose of study in the United States, shall be granted permission to accept employment upon application filed with the Commissioner of Immigration and Naturalization.

— John Kee, U.S. Representative from West Virginia, 22 U.S.C. ch. 19, subch. III §§ 1541–1547, June 5, 1950

1979 and 1984 China cultural-exchange agreements

The United States endorsed agreements for cultural diplomacy with China during the Carter and Reagan administrations. U.S. president Jimmy Carter and Chinese paramount leader Deng Xiaoping met on January 31, 1979, in Washington, D.C. and signed a cultural agreement between their countries.[10][11]

President Ronald Reagan made a state visit to China from April 26 to May 1, 1984.[12] He and Premier Zhao Ziyang met in Beijing, signing the United States-China Accord for Cultural Exchange on April 30, 1984.[13][14] The state reception was last held during the 1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China on February 21 to February 28 of that year.[15][16] The academic student exchange program remained strong during the five decades of the Cold War.[17]

See also

Footnotes

  1. ↑ "Foreign Economic Assistance Act of 1950 - P.L. 81-535" (PDF). 64 Stat. 198, Chapter 220 ~ House Bill 7797. U.S. Government Printing Office. June 5, 1950.
  2. ↑ "Foreign Assistance Act of 1948 & Economic Cooperation Act of 1948 - P.L. 80-472" (PDF). 62 Stat. 137, Chapter 169 ~ Senate Bill 2202. U.S. Government Printing Office. April 3, 1948.
  3. ↑ Truman, Harry S. (June 24, 1949). "Special Message to the Congress Recommending Point 4 Legislation - June 24, 1949". Internet Archive. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Service. pp. 329–333.
  4. ↑ Truman, Harry S. (March 25, 1950). "Letter to the Chairman, House Committee on Foreign Affairs, Urging Enactment of the Foreign Assistance Act - March 25, 1950". Internet Archive. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Service. pp. 228–229.
  5. ↑ Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T. "Harry S. Truman: "Letter to the Chairman, House Committee on Foreign Affairs, Urging Enactment of the Foreign Assistance Act" March 25, 1950". The American Presidency Project. University of California - Santa Barbara.
  6. ↑ Truman, Harry S. (June 5, 1950). "Statement by the President Upon Signing the Foreign Economic Assistance Act - June 5, 1950". Internet Archive. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Service. pp. 453–455.
  7. ↑ Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T. "Harry S. Truman: "Statement by the President Upon Signing the Foreign Economic Assistance Act" June 5, 1950". The American Presidency Project. University of California - Santa Barbara.
  8. ↑ "China Aid Act of 1948 - 62 Stat. 158-159 §§ 401-407" (PDF). P.L. 80-472, Chapter 169 ~ Senate Bill 2202. U.S. Government Printing Office. April 3, 1948.
  9. ↑ "China Area Aid Act of 1950 - 64 Stat. 202-203 § 202" (PDF). P.L. 81-535, Chapter 220 ~ House Bill 7797. U.S. Government Printing Office. June 5, 1950.
  10. ↑ Carter, Jimmy (January 31, 1979). "Visit of Vice Premier Deng of China ~ Cultural Agreement Between the United States and China - January 31, 1979". Internet Archive. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Service. pp. 207–209.
  11. ↑ Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T. "Jimmy Carter: "Cultural Agreement Between the United States and China" January 31, 1979". The American Presidency Project. University of California - Santa Barbara.
  12. ↑ Reagan, Ronald (April 22, 1984). "1984 Visit by Ronald Reagan to China - April 22 - May 1, 1984". Internet Archive. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Service. pp. 570–615.
  13. ↑ Reagan, Ronald (April 30, 1984). "Text of the United States-China Accord for Cultural Exchange - April 30, 1984". Internet Archive. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Service. pp. 595–597.
  14. ↑ Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T. "Ronald Reagan: "United States-China Accord for Cultural Exchange" April 30, 1984". The American Presidency Project. University of California - Santa Barbara.
  15. ↑ Nixon, Richard (February 17, 1972). "1972 Visit by Richard Nixon to China - February 17-28, 1972". Internet Archive. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Service. pp. 365–384.
  16. ↑ Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T. "Richard Nixon: "Chronology of Visit to the People's Republic of China" February 17-28, 1972". The American Presidency Project. University of California - Santa Barbara.
  17. ↑ "Cold War Diplomacy 1945-1991". National Museum of American Diplomacy. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of State. 24 February 2022.

Archival documents of U.S. Department of State

Bibliography

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