Ecclesiastical Household
The Ecclesiastical Household is part of the Royal Household of the sovereign of the United Kingdom.[1] Reflecting the constitutional position of the Church of Scotland within Scotland, the Royal Household in Scotland makes its own ecclesiastical arrangements (see below for details). The term 'Ecclesiastical Household' (in official use) dates only from the 1920s, but its component structures and personnel have been part of the Royal Household for centuries.
Present day
The Ecclesiastical Household (outside Scotland) is made up of two main elements: the College of Chaplains and the Chapel Royal; the former is overseen by the Clerk of the Closet, the latter by the Dean of the Chapels Royal.[2] Separate from the Ecclesiastical Household, but closely associated with it, is the Royal Almonry, overseen by the Lord High Almoner. The Clerk of the Closet, Dean of the Chapels Royal and Lord High Almoner are all prelates and have equal rank and precedence within the Household.[3]
The sole full-time clerical member of the Royal Household is Canon Paul Wright, who currently serves as Deputy Clerk of the Closet, Sub-Dean of the Chapels Royal and Sub-Almoner, as well as being Domestic Chaplain (Buckingham Palace). These roles have been held by an individual cleric since 1931.[3]
College of Chaplains
An establishment of thirty-six Chaplains is maintained.[3] At one time the chaplains were expected to be in attendance (on rotation) at the royal court, but today the role is for the most part an honorary one (although each Chaplain is invited to preach once a year at the Chapel Royal, St James's Palace).
The College of Chaplains is overseen by the Clerk of the Closet, a position normally held by a serving diocesan bishop (who may however remain in office for a time after leaving his or her See). The current clerk is Richard Jackson, Bishop of Hereford. The Clerk of the Closet is responsible for advising the Private Secretary to the Sovereign on the names for candidates to fill vacancies in the Roll of Chaplains to the Sovereign. He or she also presents newly elected diocesan bishops for homage to the sovereign, and examines any theological books to be presented to the sovereign. He receives a salary of £7 a year.
Chapel Royal
The Chapels Royal in England are: the Queen's Chapel and the Chapel Royal (both at St James's Palace); the Chapel Royal, Hampton Court Palace; the Chapel Royal of St Peter ad Vincula and St John's Chapel (both at the Tower of London); and The King's Chapel of the Savoy.[2] Since the 18th century, the Bishop of London has usually served as Dean of the Chapels Royal.[2]
The two chapels at St James's Palace are administered directly by the Sub-Dean of the Chapels Royal; the others have their own chaplains. In addition, Domestic Chaplains are appointed for the principal royal residences (Buckingham Palace, Windsor Castle and Sandringham).
The Gentlemen and Children of the Chapel Royal sing choral services at St James's Palace on Sundays and holy days. The Sub-Dean of the Chapel Royal is assisted in his or her duties there by three Priests-in-Ordinary, who normally hold the appointment alongside another ministry: they attend the Chapel Royal on monthly rotation and assist the Sub-Dean in presiding at statutory services and in the pastoral care of members of the Royal Household.[4]
History
Medieval
Ecclesiastics have been part of Royal Households in Britain since Saxon times.[5] By the time of the Norman Conquest, clerics (or 'clerks'), as literate members of the Household, formed a sophisticated writing office for the king (as well as fulfilling sacred and sacramental duties). A snapshot of the Household in the time of Henry I is provided by the Constitutio domus regis (of c. 1135), in which the Chancellor is listed as the senior member of the Household: the Chancellor (whose office developed into that of Lord Chancellor) was at that time a senior cleric, who served as head both of the writing office and of the chapel.
By the time of Edward II, the three senior clerical members of the Household were listed (in Household Ordinances published in 1318) as the Confessor, Almoner and Chief Chaplain; the latter had under him five chaplains and six clerks.[3] The Confessor was always a bishop. The office of 'dean of the king's chapel', in existence by 1349, took over the running of the chapel from the Chancellor (who was by that time no longer part of the Household).[6] He also served as chief chaplain. On major feast days, the dean would celebrate high mass in the presence of the monarch (unless there happened to be a bishop present, in which case he would preside). These were always occasions of great solemnity, and on six days of the year (Christmas Day, the Epiphany, Easter Day, Whit Sunday, All Saints' Day and St Edward's day) the king and queen would wear their crowns and carry sceptres in the procession, accompanied by lords in 'distinctive apparel', one of whom would carry the sword of state and another the cap (or birretum).[6]
The chapel was a moveable establishment, which accompanied the king and his court around the kingdom, and indeed abroad (including on military campaigns); in 1415, for example, under Edmund Lacey as dean, it accompanied Henry V to Agincourt, where mass was sung in the king's presence on the morning of the battle. The Serjeant (or Servant) of the Vestry is noted as having responsibility at this time for the carriage of ornaments, books, vessels and other items for the chapel, as it moved from place to place with the king and his royal court. Boy singers are recorded, with John Plummer later serving as their singing master. In the 1440s there were twenty-six chaplains and clerks in the Household, one of whom served as Clerk of the Closet (at that time a relatively junior position); the holder of this office later served as a close confidant of the monarch (by the 17th century the Clerk of the Closet was additionally described as 'Confessor to His Majesty').[5] In 1483 the Chapel Royal was incorporated by Edward IV as the 'Royal Free Chapel of the Household', with intention that the dean be assisted by three canons: a sub-dean, treasurer and precentor (albeit the king's death two months later meant that the scheme was never fully realised).[7]
Early modern
At the Coronation of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon, the king was attended by his Grand Almoner and Under Almoner, the Confessor of the Household, the Dean and Sub-Dean of the chapel, seven chaplains and a gospeller, four epistolers, the Serjeant of the Vestry, the Clerk of the Closet, nineteen gentlemen and ten children of the chapel. The queen was also attended by her Confessor, two chaplains and the Clerk of the Queen's Closet. The epistolers were choristers whose voices had recently changed, who were kept on as yeomen of the chapel.[5] The Eltham Ordinance of 1526 anticipated the more settled character of the future Chapel Royal, stipulating that, thenceforward, only a proportion of the personnel of Chapel Royal should accompany the king on his progresses or travels; the rest should remain in London, 'that there should be always some divine service in the Court, whereby men might be elected unto the devotion'.[7]
During the reign of Edward VI, a cohort of twelve king's chaplains was appointed in order to promote Reformed doctrine across the kingdom: at any one time, two chaplains would be in attendance at court, while the other ten were seconded to preach around the country.[3] In the 17th century the number of chaplains dramatically increased: Elizabeth I, at the time of her death, had 18; James I had 70 and Charles I no fewer than 140 (albeit only a core team of forty-eight Chaplains were ever 'in waiting': each being in attendance at court for a month at a time in groups of four; the rest were termed 'Chaplains Extraordinary' and had no actual duties).[3] The early Stuart kings had envisioned a unified Anglican chapel royal across the three kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland; this was, however, firmly and effectively resisted in Scotland.[8]
During the Civil War the Chapel Royal personnel were scattered. In the Commonwealth period the chapel at Whitehall had its organ, stained glass and paintings removed or destroyed, but it remained in use as a place of worship (two of Cromwell's daughters were married there).[9] Following the Restoration the choral establishment was settled anew at the Palace of Whitehall, and Anglican services resumed; they continued to be held during the reign of James II, though he himself worshipped separately in a Roman Catholic chapel nearby.
Under Queen Anne there were forty-eight Chaplains-in-Ordinary and thirty-two Gentlemen of the Chapel Royal, twelve of whom were priests (precursors of the 'Priests-in-Ordinary') whose task was, by turns, to officiate at times of divine service.[5] Chaplains (during their weeks in waiting) were required to preach 'in the Chapels on Sundays and other Festivals before the King, and in the Morning early on Sundays before the Household', and also 'to read Divine Service before the King out of Chapel daily, twice in the King’s private Oratory'.[10] It also fell to them to give thanks before meals, in the absence of the Clerk of the Closet. The officers of the vestry (serjeant, yeomen and groom) functioned as vergers. Ordinarily, the Chaplains were the only people permitted to preach in the Chapel Royal, except on certain festival days (such as Easter Day and Whit Sunday, when the Lord High Almoner or his deputy customarily preached).[5]
Lent was, by long tradition, marked with great solemnity in the chapel royal. During that season, the number of services was increased and the pattern of preaching changed: the Chaplains preached on Wednesdays (the Dean of the Chapel having preached on Ash Wednesday), Deans of Cathedrals and Collegiate churches were invited to preach on Fridays (with the Dean of Westminster always preaching on Good Friday) and Bishops preached, by invitation, on Sundays (with the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Archbishop of York preaching, each in alternate years, on Palm Sunday).[10] In the Georgian period, the monarch's progress to and from chapel on Sundays and on major festivals was, in itself, a ceremonial event, with gentlemen pensioners, gentlemen ushers and serjeants-at-arms in attendance.[11] On the twelve principal feast days (known as Collar Days), the monarch attended with greater ceremony and, after Divine Service, presented a byzant of gold at the altar (except on the Feast of Epiphany, when the offering took the form of gold, frankincense and myrrh). The dean was responsible for distributing these offerings among the poor of London;[10] (in the 19th century they were replaced by an annual contribution from the Privy Purse).[5]
In 1702, fire having destroyed the Palace of Whitehall, the headquarters of the Chapel Royal was moved to St James's Palace. (Choral services continued to be held at Whitehall in the Banqueting House, which was provided with a pair of Reading Chaplains and a small choir for the purpose, until 1890).[12] Increasingly, the Sub-Dean served as de facto chaplain at St James's; by mid-18th century he was required to 'supply the absence of the dean, and to be as frequently at the chapel as he can'.[13] In the 1840s his job was merged with that of Chaplain to the Household at St James's (previously styled 'Confessor of the Household'),[5] whose duties were 'to read Prayers every Morning to the Family, to visit the Sick, to examine and prepare Communicants, to inform such as desire Advice in any Case of Conscience, or Point of Religion, etc.'.[10]
Late modern
In 1860 a Chapel Royal Commission reduced the number of Gentlemen from sixteen to eight and the number of Priests-in-Ordinary from ten to eight (later the number of Priests would be further cut from eight to four.)[14] The number of Chaplains-in-Ordinary was also reduced, gradually, from forty-eight to thirty-six (albeit a number of 'Honorary Chaplains' were appointed to maintain the traditional total of forty-eight). The Chaplains-in-Ordinary, unlike the Honorary Chaplains, received an annual allowance (in lieu of board, which had been provided in earlier times). The Sub-Dean now preached on the first Sunday each month and the Chaplains-in-Waiting on the other Sundays.[5]
Up until 1912, the Chaplains and the Clerk of the Cheque had generally been reckoned to be part of the Chapel Royal establishment (albeit they were appointed by the Lord Chamberlain rather than the Dean of the Chapel Royal).[5] That year, they were reconstituted as a 'College of Chaplains' with the Clerk of the Cheque as their designated head. At the same time, their numbers were again reduced: the Chaplains-in-Ordinary to twelve, and the Honorary Chaplains to twenty-four; however in 1919 the distinction between the former and the latter was abolished, and as from that time all thirty-six were gazetted simply as 'Chaplain to the King'.[14] Shortly afterwards, the term 'Ecclesiastical Household' first began to be used as a formal designation to refer to the College of Chaplains and the Chapel Royal together.[15]
Scotland
The King's Household in Scotland (Ecclesiastical) consists of chaplains who are all ministers of the Church of Scotland.[16] There are ten "Chaplains in Ordinary" (upon retirement, a chaplain may be appointed an "Extra Chaplain"). Two Domestic Chaplains are also attached to the Household: the minister at Crathie Kirk (by Balmoral Castle) and the minister at the Canongate Kirk (by the Palace of Holyroodhouse in Edinburgh).[17]
The Dean of the Chapel Royal in Scotland oversees ecclesiastical arrangements in the Household. The Dean is usually appointed from among the chaplains. The current Dean (since 2019) is Professor David Fergusson, who was also appointed Dean of the Thistle at the same time.
History
The Scottish Chapel Royal was established (or re-established) by James IV at Stirling Castle in 1501; it consisted of sixteen canons, nine prebendaries and six boys.[8] The Scottish Reformation severely curtailed the musical life of the chapel, and in 1571 the organ in the chapel in Stirling Castle was dismantled.
After the Union of the Crowns, James VI and I sought to Anglicanise the Kirk, beginning with the Scottish Chapel Royal. His efforts were rebuffed, but taken up anew by his son, Charles I (whose Scottish coronation, in 1633, took place using the full Anglican rite, in the Abbey of Holyrood).[8] The ensuing 'Bishops' Wars' were a component of the period of civil war which culminated in Charles's execution.
List of Chaplains in the Household in England
The College of Chaplains consists of those appointed chaplain to the monarch. They are honorary chaplains who do not fulfill any formal duties. They preach once a year in the Chapel Royal.
During the reign of Queen Victoria, there were 36 Chaplains-in-Ordinary and a number of honorary chaplains. A new appointment as chaplain would traditionally be made among the honorary chaplains. Upon his accession in 1901, Edward VII reduced the number of chaplains-in-ordinary to 12 and removed the prerequisite that a chaplain need previously have been appointed an honorary chaplain.
Chaplains appointed as a bishop or to other senior church positions leave the household.
Chaplains in Ordinary
Queen Victoria
- Charles Wesley, D.D. 1847 - 14 September 1859[18]
- Augustus Frederick Phipps 18 June 1847 – 27 January 1896[19][20]
- John Barlow ? – 1867 (resigned)[21]
- Daniel Heneage Finch-Hatton 1866 – ?[22]
- Edward Meyrick Goulburn – 1866 (resigned, appointed Dean)[23]
- William Henry Brookfield 1 January 1867 – ? (replacing Goulburn)[23]
- William Thomas Bullock 13 September 1867 – ? (replacing Barlow)[21]
- Francis Byng 1872 – 1889 (resigned)
- Francis Pigou, Rural Dean, Vicar of Doncaster 4 July 1874 – ?)[24]
- James Moorhouse, Rural Dean, Vicar of Paddington 4 July 1874 – 1876 (resigned, appointed a bishop)[24]
- Edward Benson, Chancellor of Lincoln Cathedral 11 October 1875 – 1877 (resigned, appointed a bishop)[25]
- George Granville Bradley, 14 September 1876 – ?[26]
- William Henry Bliss, 8 November 1876 – ?[27]
- Henry John Ellison, Honorary Canon of Christ Church, Oxford, Vicar of Windsor 26 December 1879 – 25 December 1899 (deceased)[28][29]
- John Llewelyn Davies, Rector of Christ Church, Marylebone 10 February 1881 – ?[30]
- Thomas Teignmouth Shore, Vicar of Berkeley Chapel, Mayfair 20 September 1881 – 22 January 1902[31]
- Arthur Robins, Rector of Holy Trinity Church, Windsor 10 October 1882 – 1899 (deceased)[32]
- John Blakeney, Archdeacon of Sheffield, Prebend of York 3 January 1890 – 12 January 1895 (replacing Byng), (deceased)[33]
- Thomas Blundell Hollinshead Blundell, M.A., Rector of Halsall, Ormskirk 31 December 1895 – 1901[34]
- W. Rogers – 1896 (deceased)[35]
- James Welldon 1892 – 6 December 1898 (resigned, appointed a bishop)[36]
- Clement Smith, Rector of Whippingham, Isle of Wight 2 March 1896 – 22 January 1901 (replacing Rogers)[35]
- Alfred Ainger 2 March 1896 – 22 January 1901 (replacing Phipps)[35]
- Arthur Lyttelton, 1896 – 6 December 1898 (appointed a bishop)[36]
- John Henry Joshua Ellison, Vicar of Windsor 1896 – 22 January 1901
- Archibald Boyd-Carpenter, MA, Rector of St George's, Bloomsbury 13 December 1897 – (replacing John Neale Dalton)[37]
- Charles Turner, Rector of St. Georges-in-the-East, London 21 April 1898 – 13 July 1898 (replacing Selwyn), (resigned, appointed a bishop)[38][39]
- Walter Lawrance, Rector of St Albans, Hertfordshire 13 July 1898 – ?[39]
- Herbert Edward Ryle, Hulsean Professor of Divinity at Cambridge 6 December 1898 – 4 January 1901 (resigned, appointed a bishop)[36][40]
- William Donne, Vicar of Wakefield 6 December 1898 – ?[36]
- Frederick Cecil Alderson 1 January 1900 – 22 January 1901 (replacing Robins)[41]
- Robert Henry Hadden 1 January 1900 – 22 January 1902 (replacing Ellison)[41]
- Robert Moberly 4 January 1901 – 22 January 1901[40]
King Edward VII
- Alfred Ainger 23 July 1901 – 1904[42]
- Robinson Duckworth, 23 July 1901 – 1910[42]
- John Henry Joshua Ellison, Vicar of Windsor 23 July 1901 – 1910[42]
- James Fleming, 23 July 1901 – 1908[42]
- Edgar C. S. Gibson, 23 July 1901 – 1905 (resigned, appointed a bishop)[42]
- Charles Gore 23 July 1901 – 1 January 1902 (resigned, appointed a bishop)[42][43]
- Frederick Hervey, Canon of Norwich and Rector of Sandringham 23 July 1901 – 1910[42]
- Robert C. Moberly, 23 July 1901 – 1903[42]
- Handley Moule, Principal of Ridley Hall, Cambridge 23 July 1901 – September 1901 (resigned, appointed a bishop)[42][44]
- Thomas Teignmouth Shore, 23 July 1901 – 1910[42][45]
- Clement Smith, Canon of Windsor and Rector of Whippingham, Isle of Wight 23 July 1901 – 1910[42]
- Leonard Francis Tyrwhitt, 23 July 1901 – 1910[42]
- James Adams, V.C., Vicar of Stow Bardolph 31 October 1901 – 1903 (replacing Moule)[44]
- Armitage Robinson, 1 January 1902 – October 1902 (replacing Gore), (resigned, appointed a dean)[43]
- Augustus Jessopp, DD, Rector of Scarning, East Dereham 15 November 1902 – 1910 (replacing Robinson)[46]
- Sir Francis ffolkes, 5th Baronet, 22 June 1903 - 1910 (replacing Moberly)[47]
- William Sanday, D.D. 4 December 1903 - 1910 (replacing Adams)[48]
- Bertram Pollock, 4 March 1904 - 1910 (replacing Ainger), (resigned, appointed a bishop)[49]
- Mortimer Egerton Kennedy, 19 September 1905 - 1910 (replacing Gibson)[50]
- Frederick Percival Farrar, 5 November 1908 - 1910 (replacing Fleming)[51]
- Frederick Brooke Westcott, 8 March 1910 - 1910 (replacing Pollock)
Queen Elizabeth II
- John Stott, 1959–1991,[52] and, on his retirement in 1991, an Extra Chaplain[53]
Honorary chaplains
Queen Victoria
- John Cawston, Chaplain of the Fleet, dates unknown[54]
- William Henry Brookfield, Inspector of Schools 24 March 1862 – 1 January 1867[55][23]
- William Drake, Honorary Canon of Worcester, Rural Dean and Vicar of Holy Trinity Church, Coventry 24 March 1862 – ?[55]
- Lord Wriothesley Russell, Canon of Windsor, Rector of Chenies 28 March 1862 – ?[56]
- Henry Liddell, Dean of Christ Church 28 March 1862 – January 1898 (deceased)[56][38]
- Arthur Penrhyn Stanley, Regius Professor of Ecclesiastical History, Canon of Christ Church, Oxford 28 March 1862 – ?[56]
- Joseph Lightfoot, Hulsean Professor of Divinity, Fellow and Tutor of Trinity College, Cambridge 28 March 1862 – ?[56]
- John Edward Kempe, Prebend of St Paul's Cathedral and Rector of St. James Church, Westminster 26 June 1862 – ?[57]
- George Protheroe 6 July 1865 – ?[58]
- Thomas James Rowsell, Rector of St. Christopher-le-Stocks, and St. Margaret's, Lothbury 20 January 1866 – 1869[59]
- Stopford Augustus Brooke 1 January 1867 – 1875[23]
- Francis Byng 1867–1872
- Francis Pigou, ? – 4 July 1874[24]
- James Moorhouse, ? – 4 July 1874[24]
- Edward Benson, ? – 11 October 1875[25]
- George Bradley, Master of University College, Oxford 4 July 1874 – ?[24]
- William Henry Bliss, Minor Canon of Windsor, and Rector of West Isley, Berkshire 4 July 1874 – 8 November 1876[24][27]
- Henry John Ellison, Honorary Canon of Christ Church, Oxford, Vicar of St John the Baptist Church, Windsor 11 October 1875 – 26 December 1879[25][29]
- John Llewelyn Davies, Rector of Christ Church, St. Marylebone 8 November 1876 – 10 February 1881[27][30]
- Thomas Teignmouth Shore, Vicar of Berkeley Chapel, Mayfair 2 July 1878 – 20 September 1881[60][31]
- Arthur Robins, Rector of Holy Trinity Church, Windsor, and Chaplain to Her Majesty's Household Troops 7 September 1878 – 10 October 1882[32][61]
- Edward Glyn, Vicar of Kensington 10 February 1881 – ?[30]
- Arthur Lewis Babington Peile, Vicar of Holy Trinity Church, Ventnor 10 February 1881 – ?[30]
- Randall Davidson, Resident Chaplain to the Archbishop of Canterbury 10 October 1882[32]
- Richard Gee, Vicar of St John the Baptist Church, Windsor 1884–1901[62]
- John Blakeney, Archdeacon of Sheffield, Prebend of York 1886 – 3 January 1890[33]
- James Welldon 1888–1892
- Archibald Boyd-Carpenter ? – 13 December 1897[37]
- John Fenwick Kitto, Vicar of St Martin-in-the-Fields 3 January 1890 – 1901[33]
- John Erskine Clarke, Vicar of Battersea 27 July 1895 – 22 January 1901[63]
- Alfred Ainger, Master of the Temple 28 January 1895 – 2 March 1896[35][64]
- John Henry Joshua Ellison, Vicar of St Gabriel's, Pimlico and Vicar of St John the Baptist Church, Windsor 28 January 1895 – ?[64]
- Arthur Lyttelton, Vicar of Eccles 27 July 1895 – 1896[63]
- Clement Smith, Rector of Whippingham, Isle of Wight ? – 2 March 1896[35]
- Charles Turner ? – 21 April 1898[38]
- Walter Lawrance, Rector of St Albans, Hertfordshire ? – 13 July 1898[39]
- Herbert Edward Ryle, Hulsean Professor of Divinity at Cambridge 2 March 1896 – 6 December 1898[35][36]
- William Donne, Vicar of Wakefield 2 March 1896 – 6 December 1898[35][36]
- Charles Gore, Canon of Westminster 21 April 1898 – ?[38]
- Edward Perowne, Master of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge 21 April 1898 – ?[38]
- Robert Moberly, Canon of Christ Church, Oxford and Regius Professor of Pastoral Theology 13 July 1898 – 4 January 1901[39][40]
- Frederick Cecil Alderson, Canon of Peterborough and Rector of Lutterworth 13 December 1897 – 1 January 1900[37][41]
- Robert Henry Hadden, Vicar of St Botolph, Aldgate 13 December 1897 – 1 January 1900[37][41]
- John Stafford Northcote, Vicar of St Andrew's, Westminster, 6 December 1898 – ?[36]
- Handley Moule, Principal of Ridley Hall, Cambridge 6 December 1898 – 22 January 1901[36]
- Henry Pereira, Honorary Canon of Canterbury Cathedral 26 January 1900 – 22 January 1901[65]
- Owen Evans, Warden of Llandovery College 26 January 1900 – 22 January 1901[65]
- Edgar Gibson, Vicar of Leeds 4 January 1901 – 22 January 1901[40]
King Edward VII
- John Harcourt Berry, M.A., Chaplain of the Fleet 27 March 1901 – ?[66]
- John C. Cox-Edwards, 26 February 1901 - [67]
- Edward A. Williams, 26 February 1901 - [67]
- E. H. Goodwin, Chaplain to the Forces, first class 1 June 1901 – ? (in recognition of his services while Principal Chaplain to the South African Field Force)[68]
- William Stuart Harris, M.A., Chaplain of the Fleet and Inspector of Naval Schools 26 June 1902 – ?[69]
- Edgar Sheppard, D.D. (Sub-Dean of the Chapel Royal), 23 July 1901 - 6 May 1910[42]
- J. W. Adams, V.C., 23 July 1901 - 31 October 1901[42]
- F. C. Alderson, 23 July 1901 - [42]
- Prebendary Barker, 23 July 1901 - [42]
- E. R. Bernard, 23 July 1901 - 6 May 1910[42]
- W. H. Bliss, 23 July 1901 - 6 May 1910[42]
- F. B. H. Blundell, 23 July 1901 - 1905[42]
- The Hon. George Bourke, 23 July 1901 - [42]
- A. B. Boyd-Carpenter, 23 July 1901 - 6 May 1910[42]
- Erskine Clarke, 23 July 1901 - 6 May 1910[42]
- J. L. Davies, 23 July 1901 - 6 May 1910[42]
- William Donne, 23 July 1901 - 6 May 1910[42]
- Owen Evans, 23 July 1901 - 6 May 1910[42]
- Francis A. S. ffolkes, 23 July 1901 - 22 June 1903[42]
- Lord Charles FitzRoy, 23 July 1901 - 6 May 1910[42]
- R. Gee, D.D., 23 July 1901 - [42]
- The Hon. D. Hamilton Gordon, 23 July 1901 - [42]
- R. H. Hadden, 23 July 1901 - [42]
- Francis Holland, 23 July 1901 - 27 January 1907[42]
- J. J. Hornby, D.D., 23 July 1901 - 6 May 1910[42]
- J. E. Kempe, 23 July 1901 - [42]
- John Fenwick Kitto, 23 July 1901 - 13 April 1903[42]
- Joseph Gough McCormick, D.D., 23 July 1901 - 6 May 1910[42]
- The Hon. J. Stafford Northcote, 23 July 1901 - 6 May 1910[42]
- A. L. B. Peile, 23 July 1901 - 6 May 1910[42]
- H. H. Pereira, 23 July 1901 - 1904[42]
- E. H. Perowne, D.D., 23 July 1901 - 5 February 1906[42]
- D. Robertson, 23 July 1901 - 6 May 1910[42]
- William Sinclair, D.D., 23 July 1901 - 6 May 1910[42]
- F. M. Stopford, 23 July 1901 - 6 May 1910[42]
- Henry Wace, D.D., 23 July 1901 - 1903[42]
- Edmond Warre, D.D., 23 July 1901 - 6 May 1910[42]
- Charles Wilkinson, D.D., 23 July 1901 - 6 May 1910[42]
- A. H. Williams, 23 July 1901 - [42]
- Augustus Theodore Wirgman, 3 June 1905 - [70]
- Richard Tahourdin, 31 October 1905 - 6 May 1910[71]
- Lord Rupert William Ernest Gascoyne-Cecil, 22 June 1909 - 6 May 1910[72]
Queen Elizabeth II
- Noël Jones 1983–1984[73]
- Ray Jones 1984–1989[74]
- T. J. Thomas-Botwood, MBE 1 July 2022 – ?[75]
King Charles III
- S. Ashley-Emery 9 September 2024 – present[76]
Priests in Ordinary
Queen Victoria
- John Swire
King Edward VII
Queen Elizabeth II
- Trevitt Hine-Haycock
- William Whitcombe
- Jonathan Osborne
Honorary Priests in Ordinary
King Edward VII
List of Chaplains in the Household in Scotland
Chaplains-in-Ordinary to the sovereign in Scotland
King George II
- William Gusthart from 1727 to 1764[78]
Queen Victoria
- Robert Lee, DD 17 December 1846 – 1868[79]
- Norman Macleod ? – 1862 (deceased)[80]
- John Stuart, minister of St Andrew's church, Edinburgh 8 December 1862 – ? (replacing Macleod)[80]
- Archibald Watson, 2 May 1868 – 1881 [81] in place of Robert Lee, deceased
- Cameron Lees, 18 October 1881 - 1901[82] in place of Archibald Watson, deceased
- Robert Herbert Story, 1886 – 1901
King Edward VII
- Archibald Charteris, 18 October 1901 – 1908[83]
- Donald Macleod, 18 October 1901 – 1910[83][84]
- Cameron Lees, 18 October 1901 – 1910[83][85]
- James MacGregor, 18 October 1901 – 1910[83]
- Robert Herbert Story, 18 October 1901 – 1907[83]
- J. R. Mitford Mitchell, 18 October 1901 – 1910[83]
- Samuel James Ramsay Sibbald, Minister of the Parish of Crathie 30 June 1903 – 1910[86] (in place of Charteris, deceased)
King George V
- Donald Macleod, 7 May 1910 – 1916[87]
- Cameron Lees, 7 May 1910 – 1913[87]
- James MacGregor, 7 May 1910 – 1910[87]
- J. R. Mitford Mitchell, 7 May 1910 – 1925[87]
- Wallace Williamson, 7 May 1910 – 1926[87]
- Samuel James Ramsay Sibbald, 7 May 1910 – 1936[87]
- Pearson McAdam Muir, Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland 16 December 1910 – 1924[88] (in place of MacGregor, deceased)
- Robert Howie Fisher, minister of Morningside, Edinburgh 25 July 1913 – ?[85] (in place of Lees)
- Alexander Miller Maclean, 27 October 1914 – 1925[89] (in place of J.R. Mitford Mitchell, deceased)
- William Paterson Paterson, 10 March 1916 – 1936[84] (in place of Macleod)
- John White, 8 August 1924 –[90] (in place of Muir, deceased)
- Archibald Main, Regius Professor of Ecclesiastical History, University of Glasgow 29 May 1925 – 1936[91] (in place of Alexander Miller Maclean, deceased)
- Norman MacLean, Collegiate Minister of St. Cuthbert's, Edinburgh 24 August 1926 – 1936[92] (in place of Wallace Williamson, deceased)
- Alexander Martin, Principal of New College, Edinburgh. 8 November 1929 – 1936[93]
- Robert J. Drummond, 8 November 1929 – 1936[93]
- Donald Fraser, 8 November 1929 – 1933[93][94]
- George Adam Smith, 3 October 1933 – 1936[94] (in place of Donald Fraser)
- Charles Warr, Dean of the Chapel Royal and Dean of the Thistle, 8 November 1934 – 1936[95] (in place of Robert Howie Fisher; extra Chaplain in 1934[96])
- John White[96]
King Edward VIII
- Samuel James Ramsay Sibbald, 21 July 1936 – 1937[97]
- William Paterson Paterson, 21 July 1936 – 1937[97]
- John White, 21 July 1936 – 1937[97]
- Archibald Main, 21 July 1936 – 1937[97]
- Norman MacLean, 21 July 1936 – 1937[97]
- Alexander Martin, 21 July 1936 – 1937[97]
- Robert J. Drummond, 21 July 1936 – 1937[97]
- George Adam Smith, 21 July 1936 – 1937[97]
- Charles Warr, 21 July 1936 – 1937[97]
King George VI
- Samuel James Ramsay Sibbald, 2 March 1937 – 1950[98]
- William Paterson Paterson, 2 March 1937 – ?[98]
- John White, 2 March 1937 – ?[98]
- Archibald Main, 2 March 1937 – 1947[98]
- Norman MacLean, 2 March 1937 – ?[98]
- Alexander Martin, 2 March 1937 – 1946[98]
- Robert J. Drummond, 2 March 1937 – 1951[98]
- Sir George Adam Smith, 2 March 1937 – 1942[98]
- Charles Laing Warr, 2 March 1937 – 1952[98]
- James Macdougall Black, 5 May 1942 – 1948[99] (in place of Sir George Adam Smith, deceased)
- James Hutchinson Cockburn, 24 November 1944 – 1952[100] (in place of John Stirton, deceased)
- Andrew Nevile Davidson, 30 July 1946 – 1952[101] (in place of Alexander Martin, deceased)
- John Baillie, 3 June 1947 – 1952[102] (in place of Archibald Main, deceased)
- William White Anderson, 15 November 1949 – 1952[103] (in place of James Black, deceased)
- John Henry Duncan, 31 October 1950 – 1951[104] (in place of Samuel Sibbald, deceased)
- Thomas Bentley Stewart Thomson, 16 March 1951 – 1952[105] (in place of John Henry Duncan, deceased)
- James Pitt Watson, 17 August 1951 – 1952[106] (in place of Robert J. Drummond, deceased)
Queen Elizabeth II
- Charles Laing Warr 1 August 1952 – 9 December 1969[107][108]
- James Hutchison Cockburn 1 August 1952 – 1973[107]
- Andrew Nevile Davidson 1 August 1952 – 1969[107]
- John Baillie 1 August 1952 – 1960[107]
- William White Anderson 1 August 1952 –[107]
- Thomas Bentley Stewart Thomson 1 August 1952 – 1959[107] (thereafter Extra chaplain)
- Professor James Pitt Watson 1 August 1952 – 1963[107]
- Professor James Stuart Stewart 1 August 1952 – 1966[107][109] (thereafter Extra chaplain)
- John Annand Fraser 1 August 1952 – 23 June 1964[107][110] (thereafter Extra Chaplain)
- John Lamb 1 August 1952 – (Domestic Chaplain Balmoral)[107]
- Hugh Osborne Douglas, 17 December 1959 – 18 September 1981[111][112] (in place of Thomas Thomson, resigned) thereafter Extra chaplain
- Ronald William Vernon Selby Wright, 24 May 1963 – ?[113] (in place of James Pitt Watson, deceased)
- Henry Charles Whitley, 24 May 1963 – 1976[113] thereafter Extra Chaplain
- Anderson Nicol 23 June 1964 – 1972[110][114] (in place of John Annand Fraser)
- William Henry Rogan 1966–1978[109][115] (in place of James Stuart Stewart) thereafter Extra Chaplain
- Robert Leonard Small 12 September 1967 – 1975[116] (in place of Edgar Primrose Dickie, retired) thereafter Extra Chaplain
- W R Sanderson
- William Morris 15 April 1969 – ?[117] (in place of Nevile Davidson, retired)
- George Thomson Henderson Reid 1969–1980[108][118] (in place of Charles Laing Warr, deceased)
- James Boyd Prentice Bulloch 1980–1981[118][119] (in place of Reid, retired)
- William Bryce Johnston 1981–1991[119][120] (in place of Bulloch, deceased)
- Colin Forrester-Paton 18 September 1981 – 5 April 1988[112][121] (in place of Hugh Osborne Douglas, retired) thereafter Extra chaplain
- Harry William Macphail Cant 1972–1991[114][122] (in place of Anderson Nicol, deceased)
- Kenneth Macvicar 1974–1991[123][124]
- John McIntyre 1975-1986[125] (in place of Robert Leonard Small, retired)
- Robin Barbour 1976–1991[126][127] (in place of Henry Whitley, retired)
- Allan Young 1978–1979[115][128] (in place of Rogan, retired)
- Gilleasbuig Macmillan 1979–2014[128] (in place of Young, deceased)
- William Boyd Robertson Macmillan 5 April 1988 – (in place of Colin Forrester-Paton, retired)[121]
- James Leslie Weatherhead 11 April 1991 – 2017[122][129] (in place of Harry William MacPhail Cant, deceased)
- Mary Irene Levison 11 May 1991 – 29 January 1993[127][130] (in place of RAS Barbour, retired) (thereafter Extra Chaplain)
- Andrew Stewart Todd 1991 – ?[124] (in place of MacVicar, retired)
- Charles Robertson 1991–2010[124][131] (in place of Johnston, retired)
- Iain Torrance 2001–2019[129]
- James Alexander Simpson 21 July 1992 – 2004[132][133] (in place of Alwyn James Cecil Macfarlane, retired)
- Norman Walker Drummond 29 Jan 1993 – 2022[130] (in place of Levison, retired)
- John Paterson ? – 2008[134]
- James Gibson 2004 – 2018[135][136] (afterwards extra Chaplain)
- Angus Morrison 2006 – ?[137]
- Kenneth MacKenzie 2007 – ?[138] (Domestic chaplain)
- Lorna Hood 2008 – ?[134] (in place of Paterson, retired)
- Neil Gardner 2008 – ?[139] (Domestic chaplain)
- Alistair Bennett 2010–2022[140]
- Susan Brown 2012 – ?[141]
- John Chalmers 2013 – ?[142]
- Finlay Macdonald 2001–2015[143][144]
- David Fergusson 2015 – ?[145][144]
- Alastair Symington 1996–2017[146][147]
- George Cowie 2017–2021[148][147][149]
- James Gibson – 2018[150]
- Liz Henderson 2018 – present[150] (in place of Gibson)
- George Whyte 2019 – present[151][152]
- Dr Marjory Maclean 2022 – present[153][149] (in place of Cowie, deceased)
- Dr Grant Barclay 2022 – present[153][154] (in place of Drummond)
- Prof John Swinton 2022 – present[155] (in place of Bennett)
Extra Chaplains-in-Ordinary to HM in Scotland
King Edward VII
- Malcolm C. Taylor, 18 October 1901 – ?[83]
King George V
- Malcolm C. Taylor, 7 May 1910 – ?[87]
- Charles Laing Warr 12 March 1926[156]
Queen Elizabeth II
- George Thomson Henderson Reid 1980 – ?[118]
- Kenneth Macvicar 1991 – ?[124]
- William Bryce Johnston 1991 – ?[124]
- Gilleasbuig Macmillan 2014 – ?[157]
- Iain Torrance 2019 – ?[158]
- John Chalmers 2022 – ?[159]
King Charles III
- Dr. Elizabeth Lorna Hood 2023 – present[160]
- Dr. Angus Morrison 2023 – present[160]
References
- ↑ Ashenden, Gavin. "Chaplains to the Queen". Archived from the original on 17 August 2013. Retrieved 14 December 2012.
- 1 2 3 "Dean of Her Majesty's Chapels Royal". The official website of the Royal Family. Retrieved 4 August 2026.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Bickersteth, John; Dunning, Robert W. (1991). "The Clerks and the Royal Chaplains". Clerks of the Closet in the Royal Household. Stroud, Gloucs.: Alan Sutton. pp. 90–101.
- ↑ Risk, James; Pownall, Henry; Stanley, David; Tamplin, John (2001). Royal Service (Volume II). Lingfield, Surrey: Third Millennium Publishing. pp. 85–87.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Sheppard, Edgar (1894). Memorials of St James's Palace. London: Longmans, Green and Co. pp. 287–332. Retrieved 6 August 2026.
- 1 2 Baldwin, David (1990). "Deans of the Chapel Royal". The Chapel Royal: Ancient and Modern. London: Gerald Duckworth & Co. Ltd. pp. 225–247.
- 1 2 Baldwin, David (1990). "The Chapel Royal Overseas: the Old World and the New". The Chapel Royal: Ancient and Modern. London: Gerald Duckworth & Co. Ltd. pp. 19–62.
- 1 2 3 Baldwin, David (1990). "The English Chapel Royal in Scotland". The Chapel Royal: Ancient and Modern. London: Gerald Duckworth & Co. Ltd. pp. 168–179.
- ↑ Baldwin, David (1990). "The Restoration Chapel". The Chapel Royal: Ancient and Modern. London: Gerald Duckworth & Co. Ltd. pp. 188–197.
- 1 2 3 4 Chamberlayne, John (1748). Magnae Britanniae Notitia: Or, The Present State of Great-Britain (37th ed.). London. pp. 96–99. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
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- ↑ Baldwin, David (1990). "Grooms of the Vestry". The Chapel Royal: Ancient and Modern. London: Gerald Duckworth & Co. Ltd. pp. 364–368.
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- 1 2 Baldwin, David (1990). "Chaplains in Ordinary and Priests in Ordinary". The Chapel Royal: Ancient and Modern. London: Gerald Duckworth & Co. Ltd. pp. 260–271.
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- ↑ Memorials of the Wesley family: including biographical and historical sketches of all the members of the family for two hundred and fifty years; together with a genealogical table of the Wesleys, with historical notes, for more than nine hundred years, January 1876, p. 541
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- 1 2 3 "No. 26010". The London Gazette. 3 January 1890. p. 5.
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- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "No. 27032". The London Gazette. 13 December 1898. p. 8045.
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- 1 2 3 4 "No. 27263". The London Gazette. 4 January 1901. p. 81.
- 1 2 3 4 "No. 27150". The London Gazette. 2 January 1900. p. 3.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 "No. 27336". The London Gazette. 23 July 1901. pp. 4838–4839.
- 1 2 "No. 27393". The London Gazette. 3 January 1902. p. 1.
- 1 2 "No. 27370". The London Gazette. 1 November 1901. p. 7045.
- ↑ Teignmouth-Shore, Thomas (4 July 1903). O'Connor, Thomas Power (ed.). "In the Days of My youth - Chapters of Autobiography - CCLXIV". Mainly About People. p. 18. Retrieved 4 September 2019 – via NewspaperArchive.com.
- ↑ "No. 27497". The London Gazette. 21 November 1902. p. 7533.
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- ↑ "No. 27653". The London Gazette. 4 March 1904. p. 1441.
- ↑ "No. 27837". The London Gazette. 19 September 1905. p. 6327.
- ↑ "No. 28193". The London Gazette. 6 November 1908. p. 8025.
- ↑ "No. 41751". The London Gazette. 26 June 1959. p. 4169.
- ↑ "No. 52532". The London Gazette. 14 May 1991. p. 7437.
- ↑ "Obituary – Rev. John Cawston". The Times. No. 36083. London. 7 March 1900. p. 6.
- 1 2 "No. 22611". The London Gazette. 25 March 1862. p. 1617.
- 1 2 3 4 "No. 22612". The London Gazette. 28 March 1862. p. 1666.
- ↑ "No. 22868". The London Gazette. 28 June 1864. p. 3274.
- ↑ "No. 22988". The London Gazette. 7 July 1865. p. 3425.
- ↑ "No. 23062". The London Gazette. 23 January 1866. p. 398.
- ↑ "No. 24601". The London Gazette. 2 July 1878. p. 3904.
- ↑ "No. 24623". The London Gazette. 10 September 1878. p. 5081.
- ↑ "Obituary - Canon Gee". The Times. No. 36716. London. 15 March 1902. p. 12.
- 1 2 "No. 26648". The London Gazette. 30 July 1895. p. 4300.
- 1 2 "No. 26593". The London Gazette. 29 January 1895. p. 548.
- 1 2 "No. 27157". The London Gazette. 26 January 1900. p. 512.
- ↑ "No. 27301". The London Gazette. 2 April 1901. p. 2289.
- 1 2 "No. 27289". The London Gazette. 26 February 1901. p. 1417.
- ↑ "No. 27319". The London Gazette. 31 May 1901. p. 3701.
- ↑ "No. 27448". The London Gazette (Supplement). 26 June 1902. p. 4197.
- ↑ "No. 27801". The London Gazette. 6 June 1905. p. 4030.
- ↑ "No. 27850". The London Gazette. 3 November 1905. p. 7326.
- ↑ "No. 28262". The London Gazette. 22 June 1909. p. 4765.
- ↑ "The Right Reverend Noël Jones". The Daily Telegraph. 10 September 2009. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
- ↑ "No. 49800". The London Gazette. 10 July 1984. p. 9433.
- ↑ "No. 63780". The London Gazette (Supplement). 9 August 2022. p. 15058.
- ↑ "No. 64540". The London Gazette. 15 October 2024. p. 20218.
- ↑ "Obituary - John Swire". The Times. No. 36770. London. 17 May 1902. p. 8.
- ↑ Fasti Ecclesiae Scoticanae; by Hew Scott
- ↑ "No. 20684". The London Gazette. 18 December 1846. p. 5885.
- 1 2 "No. 22688". The London Gazette. 9 December 1862. p. 6268.
- ↑ "No. 23376". The London Gazette. 5 May 1868. p. 2566.
- ↑ "No. 25027". The Edinburgh Gazette. 18 October 1881.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "No. 27367". The London Gazette. 22 October 1901. p. 6847.
- 1 2 "No. 29502". The London Gazette. 10 March 1916. p. 2556.
- 1 2 "No. 28740". The London Gazette. 25 July 1913. p. 5321.
- ↑ "No. 28153". The London Gazette. 30 June 1908. p. 4722.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "No. 28386". The London Gazette. 21 June 1910. p. 4366.
- ↑ "No. 28447". The London Gazette. 16 December 1910. p. 9391.
- ↑ "No. 28953". The London Gazette. 27 October 1914. p. 8625.
- ↑ "No. 14048". The Edinburgh Gazette. 12 August 1924. p. 1025.
- ↑ "No. 33051". The London Gazette. 29 May 1925. p. 3629.
- ↑ "No. 33194". The London Gazette. 24 August 1926. p. 5577.
- 1 2 3 "No. 33550". The London Gazette. 8 November 1929. p. 7216.
- 1 2 "No. 33983". The London Gazette. 3 October 1933. p. 6351.
- ↑ "No. 34110". The London Gazette. 4 December 1934. p. 7759.
- 1 2 Whitaker's Almanack, 1934
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "No. 34306". The London Gazette. 20 July 1936. p. 4665.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "No. 34376". The London Gazette. 2 March 1937. p. 1407.
- ↑ "No. 15913". The Edinburgh Gazette. 5 May 1942. p. 193.
- ↑ "No. 36811". The London Gazette. 24 November 1944. p. 5392.
- ↑ "No. 37670". The London Gazette. 30 July 1946. p. 3887.
- ↑ "No. 16444". The Edinburgh Gazette. 6 June 1947. p. 231.
- ↑ "No. 38761". The London Gazette. 15 November 1949. p. 5421.
- ↑ "No. 39057". The London Gazette. 31 October 1950. p. 5437.
- ↑ "No. 39175". The London Gazette. 16 March 1951. p. 1429.
- ↑ "No. 39312". The London Gazette. 17 August 1951. p. 4381.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "No. 39616". The London Gazette. 1 August 1952. p. 4200.
- 1 2 "No. 44984". The London Gazette. 9 December 1969. p. 12245.
- 1 2 "No. 18477". The Edinburgh Gazette. 22 July 1966. p. 571.
- 1 2 "No. 43364". The London Gazette. 23 June 1964. p. 5465.
- ↑ "No. 17778". The Edinburgh Gazette. 18 December 1959. p. 715.
- 1 2 "No. 20979". The London Gazette. 18 September 1981. p. 1253.
- 1 2 "No. 43002". The London Gazette. 24 May 1963. p. 4485.
- 1 2 "No. 45840". The London Gazette. 1 December 1972. p. 14297.
- 1 2 "No. 47452". The London Gazette. 31 January 1978. p. 1269.
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- ↑ "No. 44827". The London Gazette. 15 April 1969. p. 3935.
- 1 2 3 "No. 48146". The London Gazette. 9 April 1980. p. 5005.
- 1 2 "No. 48660". The London Gazette. 23 June 1981. p. 8397.
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- 1 2 "No. 22327". The Edinburgh Gazette. 5 April 1988. p. 509.
- 1 2 "No. 22949". The Edinburgh Gazette. 19 April 1991. p. 1023.
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- 1 2 3 4 5 "No. 23053". The Edinburgh Gazette. 18 October 1991. p. 2917.
- ↑ "No. 46572". The London Gazette. 13 May 1975. p. 6195.
- ↑ "No. 19844". The Edinburgh Gazette. 23 March 1976. p. 367.
- 1 2 "No. 52532". The London Gazette. 14 May 1991. p. 7437.
- 1 2 "No. 20545". The Edinburgh Gazette. 17 August 1979. p. 929.
- 1 2 Court Circular, 28 March 2001
- 1 2 "No. 53188". The London Gazette. 29 January 1993. p. 1663.
- ↑ Court Circular, 22 October 2010.
- ↑ "No. 23213". The Edinburgh Gazette. 31 July 1992. p. 2501.
- ↑ Court Circular, 2 March 2004.
- 1 2 Court Circular, 29 May 2008
- ↑ Court Circular, 2 March 2004
- ↑ Court Circular, 1 April 2018
- ↑ Court Circular, 27 April 2006
- ↑ Court Circular, 27 June 2007
- ↑ Court Circular, 13 June 2008
- ↑ Court Circular, 22 October 2010
- ↑ Court Circular, 12 December 2010
- ↑ Court Circular, 7 July 2013
- ↑ Court Circular, 20 December 2001
- 1 2 Court Circular, 1 July 2015
- ↑ Church of Scotland website, 5 November 2015.
- ↑ Chautauquan Daily, 25 June 2011
- 1 2 Court Circular, 26 April 2017
- ↑ Church of Scotland website, 27 April 2017.
- 1 2 Court Circular, 6 May 2022
- 1 2 Church of Scotland website, 2 April 2018
- ↑ Church of Scotland website, 20 May 2019.
- ↑ Court Circular, 20 May 2019
- 1 2 Church of Scotland website, 9 May 2022
- ↑ Court Circular, 8 May 2022
- ↑ Court Circular, 9 May 2022
- ↑ "No. 14214". The Edinburgh Gazette. 16 March 1926. p. 319.
- ↑ Court Circular, 1 September 2014
- ↑ Court Circular, 2 July 2019
- ↑ Court Circular, 10 June 2022
- 1 2 Appendix to the Court Circular, 22 September 2023