Bésɨro
| Bésɨro | |
|---|---|
| Lomeriano | |
| Bésɨro | |
| Pronunciation | [ˈbesɨro] |
| Native to | Bolivia |
| Ethnicity | Chiquitano |
Native speakers | <2,400 (2012) |
Macro-Jê?
| |
| Latin script | |
| Official status | |
Official language in |  Bolivia |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | cax |
| Glottolog | chiq1248 |
| ELP | Chiquitano |
Bésɨro (Lomeriano)[1] is a variety of Chiquitano spoken by less than 2,400 Chiquitano people and a Macro-Jê language. It is one of the 37 official languages of Bolivia.[1][2]
Phonology
Consonants
| Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | p | t̪ | t | t͡ʃ | k | ʔ |
| Fricative | β | s | ʃ | |||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| Sonorant | w | r | j |
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | ɨ | u |
| Close-mid | e | o | |
| Open | a |
Nasal assimilation
Bésɨro has regressive assimilation triggered by nasal nuclei / ɨ̃ ĩ ũ õ ã ẽ/ and targeting consonant onsets within a morpheme.
- /suβũ/ → [suˈmũ] 'parrot (sp.)'[4]
Syllable structure
The language has CV, CVV, and CVC syllables. It does not allow complex onsets or codas. The only codas allowed are nasal consonants.
Orthography
Bésɨro is written using the Latin script. The current “official” standardized alphabet of Bésɨro + Letter names is presented below:[5]
| Majuscule forms (also called uppercase or capital letters) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | Aa | B | Ch | E | Ee | I | Ii | Ɨ | Ɨɨ | J | K | M | N | Ñ | O | Oo | P | R | S | T | Ty | U | Uu | X | Xh | Y | ' |
| Minuscule forms (also called lowercase or small letters) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| a | aa | b | ch | e | ee | i | ii | ɨ | ɨɨ | j | k | m | n | ñ | o | oo | p | r | s | t | ty | u | uu | x | xh | y | ' |
| Name of letters | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A | Aa | Be | Che | E | Ee | I | Ii | I | Ii | Jota | Ke | Me | Ne | Ñe | O | Oo | Pe | Re | Se | Te | Tya | U | Uu | Xa | Xha | Ye | Glotal |
References
- 1 2 Nikulin, Andrey (2020). Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo (PDF) (PhD thesis). University of Brasília.
- ↑ Nikulin, Andrey (2023-12-01). "Lexical evidence for the Macro-Jê–Tupian hypothesis / Лексические свидетельства в пользу макро-же–тупийской гипотезы". Journal of Language Relationship. 21 (1–2): 1–56. doi:10.31826/jlr-2023-211-206. ISSN 2219-4029.
- 1 2 Krüsi, Dorothee; Krüsi, Martin (1978). Phonology of Chiquitano (PDF). Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics. Riberalta, Bolivia: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
- ↑ Sans, Pierric (2011), Proceedings of the VII Encontro Macro-Jê.Brasilia, Brazil
- ↑ Instituto deLengua y Cultura Kabineña; Instituto Plurinacional de Estudio de Lenguas y Cultura (2015). Cartilla de alfabeto besiro para el aprendizaje básico. Santa Cruz de la Sierra: Imprenta Stigma.