Battle of Turda (196 BC)

Battle of Turda
Part of Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula
Iberian revolt (197-195 BC)

Hispania around the year 197 BC.
Date196 BC
Location
Turda, Hispania
Result Roman victory
Belligerents
Roman Republic Hispanic rebels
Commanders and leaders
Quintus Minucius Thermus Budar
Besadinus (POW)
Strength
4000 infantrymen
300 cavalry
Casualties and losses
12000 casualties.[1]

The Battle of Turda was one of the battles of the 197-195 BC rebellion by the Iberian peoples against Roman domination in the 2nd century BC.

Background

The victory of the Roman Republic over Carthage in the Second Punic War left Hispania in Roman hands.[2] The territory's transformation into two provinces[3] resulted in significant administrative and fiscal changes including the imposition of the stipendium,[4] which were rejected by the local tribes—who still had a certain political structure and capacity for reaction.[5] In 197 BC, a revolt broke out across the conquered territory of Hispania, shortly after the Second Macedonian War, due to the Republican plundering.[6]

The battle

Many local leaders revolted in Hispania Ulterior, and the Republic sent Gaius Sempronius Tuditanus to Hispania Citerior[7] and Marcus Helvius Blasion to Hispania Ulterior[8] with a total of 8,000 infantrymen and 800 cavalrymen to demobilize the veterans, and the order to demarcate the provincial borders.[9] Gaius Sempronius Tuditanus died of battle wounds in late 197 BC,[10][11] and the province was left without a praetor until the following year.

Quintus Minucius Thermus and Quintus Fabius Butaeo became praetors in 196 BC and were assigned to command Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior, respectively. They were provided with reinforcements consisting of two legions, 4,000 infantrymen, and 300 cavalrymen.[12] In 196 BC, Quintus Minucius Thermus defeated the rebels Budar and Besadinus at an unspecified location called Turda,[13] taking general Besadinus as a prisoner.[14] Quintus Minucius was honored with a triumphus upon his return to Rome in 195 BC.[15][16]

References

  1. ↑ Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, XXXIII, 44, 4-5.
  2. ↑ Martínez Gázquez, José (1992). La campaña de Catón en Hispania [Cato's Campaign in Hispania]. Aurea saecula (in Spanish) (2nd ed.). Barcelona: Universitat de Barcelona Publicacions. p. 160. ISBN 978-84-7875-980-4.
  3. ↑ Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, XXXII, 28, 11
  4. ↑ Arrayás Morales, Isaías (2005). Morfología histórica del territorio de Tarraco (ss.III-.C.) [Historical Geography of the Territory of Tarraco (3rd century BC–)] (in Spanish) (1st ed.). Publicacions i Edicions UB. p. 40. ISBN 8447530078.
  5. ↑ Hernández Cardona, Francesc Xavier (2001). Dalmau, Rafael (ed.). Història militar de Catalunya, vol. I, dels íbers las carolingis [Military History of Catalonia: From the Iberians to the Carolingians] (in Catalan) (1st ed.). Rafael Dalmau. p. 134. ISBN 84-232-0639-4.
  6. ↑ Grant, Michael (1978). History of Rome. New York: Scribner's. p. 122. ISBN 978-0-684-15986-7.
  7. ↑ Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, XXXII, 27, 7; XXXII, 28, 2 y 11
  8. ↑ Appian. Ibèria (in Catalan). pp. 39–41.
  9. ↑ Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, XXXII, 28, 2-11
  10. ↑ Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, XXXIII, 25, 8-10
  11. ↑ Nolla, Josep M. "La campaya de M. P. Cató a empúries el 195 a.C. Algunas consideracions" [M. P. Caton's campaign against Empuries in 195 B.C. Some considerations]. Revista Girona (in Catalan). Archived from the original on January 12, 2014.
  12. ↑ Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, XXXIII, 26, 1-5
  13. ↑ Brennan, T. Corey (2000). The praetorship in the Roman Republic. Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press. p. 166. ISBN 978-0-19-511459-1.
  14. ↑ Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, XXXIII, 44, 4-5.
  15. ↑ Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, XXXIII, 24, 26, 44; XXXIV, 10
  16. ↑ Appian (1968). Appiani historia Romana, vol. I. Addenda et corrig. adiecit. E. Gabba. Leipzig: P. Viereck et A. G. Roos [Appian, Roman History, Vol. I. Addenda, corrections, and additions by E. Gabba. Leipzig: P. Viereck and A. G. Roos.] (in Italian). p. 39.

Further reading

  • Astin, A. E. (1978), Cato the Censor, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • Chassignet, M. (1986), Caton: Les Origines. Fragments [Cato: The Origins. Fragments] (in French), Paris: Colección Budé, Les Belles Lettres
  • Dalby, Andrew (1998), Cato on Farming: De Agriculture, Totnes: Prospect Books, ISBN 0907325807
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