Arts and Crafts Society of Victoria

The Arts and Crafts Society of Victoria, established in 1908, promoted decorative arts and crafts in Australia for nearly nine decades before its demise in 1997.

Inspiration and founding (1907–1908)

The Arts and Crafts Society of Victoria drew inspiration from the British Arts and Crafts movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. A crucial catalyst for its formation was the First Australian Exhibition of Women's Work,[1] held at the Exhibition Building, Melbourne, from 23 October to 30 November 1907,[2] which showcased excellent handicrafts but revealed a weakness in design indicating opportunity for further development, and thus the need for a permanent organisation to support and promote craft work in Victoria.[3] Directing artistic efforts towards practical and useful articles and to raise standards of craft to a professional level were considered primary aims.

The society was officially founded in 1908 at the studio of Bertha Merfield, a prominent painter and craft worker, at 46 Collins Street, Melbourne, at which architect Robert Joseph Haddon explained the society's aims and objectives and became the founding vice-president. Margaret Jane (née Stuart-Wortley), Lady Talbot,[4] wife of Governor of Victoria Sir Reginald Arthur James Talbot,[5] was the society's first president for its early meetings, before she was replaced in July 1908 by the wife of the next governor.[6]

Early years (1908–1920)

The first official meeting of the Arts and Crafts Society of Victoria took place on May 27, 1908,[7] at the Austral Salon in Little Flinders Street, Melbourne, a club that was established in 1890[8] for women interested in the fine arts.[9] Primary objectives were declared to be the encouragement of the production and exhibition of local arts and crafts, and to promote the use of Australian materials and motifs in work and design;[10][11] stylised gum-nut and gum-leaves appeared on the cover of the Society's Official Catalogue of the First Annual Exhibition of Works,[12] in the Guild Hall, Melbourne, the first of its annual exhibitions, 2–12 December 1908,[13] at which Suzanne Gether[14] exhibited and gave demonstrations of handloom weaving.[2]

The society quickly gained momentum, attracting over 100 members shortly after its formation and establishing its clubrooms at 357 Collins Street. At the time of its first exhibition, "Under The Patronage of His Excellency Sir Thomas Gibson Carmichael, Governor of Victoria", office bearers were: Lady Gibson Carmichael, President; Mrs. Creswell and Robert. J. Haddon, Vice-Presidents; Mrs. George Box Honorary Treasurer; and Miss M. E. Chomley, Honorary Secretary. Its council members were: Rodney Alsop, W. A. M. Blackett, E. Royston Bradshaw, Walter Butler, Margaret Chapman, F. A. Campbell, Auguste Fischer, J. R. Tranthim-Fryer,[15] Vida Goldstein, Mrs E. L. MacGeorge, Bertha Merfield, J. M. Joshua, Mrs. Donald Mackinnon, Mrs. Edward Miller, F. Newman, Mrs. William Smith, R. H. Stockfeld, P. M. Carew-Smyth, Guy Sherwood, Blamire Young, Mabel Young, and representatives of technical schools J. S. Davie, W. Westwood, J. Little, and A. E. Anderson.

This first exhibition displayed bookbinding, cabinet-making and carving; ceramics; drawing, design, and painting; etchings; glass; leather; needlework; photography; sculpture and modelling; artificial flowers, weaving; basketry; work from the Tasmanian Arts and Crafts Society; and rooms with loan collections of vintage European and eighteenth-century crafts.[13]

Growth and development (1920–1950)

During this period, the society attracted various artists, craftspeople, and influential figures, including Frances Derham, who from 1928 to 1932 was president and on 28 June 1929 addressed the Society of Arts and Crafts of Victoria, Melbourne, on ‘The Interest of Aboriginal Art to the Modern Designer’;[16][17] William Arthur Mordey Blackett, who served as president until 1949; Michael O'Connell a council member in the 1920s and 1930s whose partner Ella Moody, though not a craft practitioner, was Secretary of the Arts and Crafts Society of Victoria from 1928 to 1931;[18] Eveline Winifred Syme, a painter and printmaker who held exhibitions with the society; and Frederick Charles Cecil Ward, a furniture designer who exhibited with the society in the 1930s. Other members included printmaker Dorrit Black,[19] bookbinder Margaret Chapman,[20] painter Helen Ogilvie,[21] jeweller Kate Durham, textile artist Annia Castan,[22] and sculptor Leopoldine Mimovich.[23]

Under the auspices of the Society, and at the behest of members, the printmakers Ethel Spowers and Eveline Syme, Australian gallery manager of London's The Redfern Gallery, Clarice Zander in 1933 brought out the Exhibition of British Contemporary Art with linocuts by Claude Flight, Cyril Power, Sybil Andrews and Lill Tschudi,[24] which George Bell praised as "the exhibition's highlight", for their "vitality and creative force."[25]

Publications

The Recorder, the first official publication of the society, was first issued in March 1929, discontinued in October 1933,[26] then replaced by the Quarterly Bulletin (1962–1968),[27] and Craftlink (from 1981).[28] The Recorder was open to modernist sensibilities, as well as promoting the use of Australian motifs in design and decoration.[11][29]

Post-war era and later (1950–1997)

The society in the post-war period continued as a community of artisans and designers promoting Australian materials and motifs in design, and which enabled craftspeople to exhibit and sell their work. It played a role in fostering the development of technical education in Victoria. Joan à Beckett Lindsay, author and artist served as president from 1958 to 1964, and Frances Mary Burke, textile designer was president from 1968 to 1971.

Another significant member was Harold Randolph Hughan, potter and member since 1949, later appointed MBE in 1978, who in 1964 attended, as representative of the Society, the first congress of the World Crafts Council in America,[30] with Mollie Douglas from the Potters Society of New South Wales, Anita Aarons from Caulfield Technical College, and Narelle Townsend, a Sydney architect working in New York City. There having been limited communication between craftspeople in different states of Australia, the Congress initiated a dialogue that resolved in the founding of the Craft Council of Australia in 1971, and to Australian sculptor Marea Gazzard being nominated President of the world organisation (1980 to 1984).[31]

From 1964 the address of the Society was 313-315 Little Collins St, Melbourne; then from 1967 it moved to 2 Crossley St.; from 1980, 99 Cardigan St. Carlton; and from 1981, Hardware St, Melbourne. It operated until 1997 as the Meat Market Craft Centre with a shop and permanent displays of Australian crafts with occasional special exhibitions,[32] such as the Society's seventy-fifth anniversary exhibition A Show of Hands was held in 1983.[33]

References

  1. ↑ Castlemaine Art Gallery and Historical Museum; Hannon, Geoff; McKay, Kirsten; Castlemaine Art Gallery and Historical Museum (2007). Portrait of an exhibition : centenary celebration of the First Australian Exhibition of Women's Work 1907. The Museum. ISBN 978-0-9757388-5-6.
  2. 1 2 Edquist, Harriet (2014). "eclarté and the transformation of studio weaving in Victoria". RMIT Design Archives Journal. 4 (2): 25–35.
  3. ↑ "Woman's Realm". The Argus (Melbourne). No. 19, 272. Victoria, Australia. 25 April 1908. p. 8. Retrieved 4 July 2026 – via National Library of Australia.
  4. ↑ "Australian Exhibition of Women's Work". The Age. No. 16, 140. Victoria, Australia. 3 December 1906. p. 11. Retrieved 26 June 2026 – via National Library of Australia.
  5. ↑ Gardiner, L. R. (1990). "Talbot, Sir Reginald Arthur James (1841–1929)". Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 13 January 2025.
  6. ↑ "Arts and Crafts". The Herald. No. 10, 173. Victoria, Australia. 27 May 1908. p. 3. Retrieved 21 December 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  7. ↑ "Tuesday, May 26, 1908". The Argus (Melbourne). No. 19, 298. Victoria, Australia. 26 May 1908. p. 4. Retrieved 21 December 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  8. ↑ "NEWS OF THE DAY". The Age. No. 10925. Victoria, Australia. 28 February 1890. p. 4. Retrieved 4 July 2026 – via National Library of Australia.
  9. ↑ Thomas, Catherine Hay (August 1906). "The Austral Salon: women's clubs in Australia". Womanhood. 16 (93): 133.
  10. ↑ Sloggett, Robyn (March 2015). "'Has Aboriginal art a future?' Leonhard Adam's 1944 essay and the development of the Australian Aboriginal art market". International Journal of Cultural Studies. 18 (2): 167–183. doi:10.1177/1367877913515871. ISSN 1367-8779.
  11. 1 2 Zilles, Lauretta (April 2007). "Buda, not just an historic garden". Australian Garden History. 18 (4): 13.
  12. ↑ Lane, Terence (January 1973). "Gum•Nut Art Nouveau: A Suite of Furniture by Robert Prenzel". Art Bulletin of Victoria (14): 24–34.
  13. 1 2 Arts & Crafts Society of Victoria (December 1908). "Official catalogue of the first annual exhibition of work / Arts & Crafts Society of Victoria. Guild Hall, Melbourne, open December 2 to 12, 1908". State Library Victoria. Retrieved 3 July 2026.
  14. ↑ "Arts and Crafts". Southern Sphere: 35. September 1910.
  15. ↑ "PERSONAL". Geelong Advertiser. No. 19, 119. Victoria, Australia. 16 July 1908. p. 2. Retrieved 21 December 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  16. ↑ White, Anthony (2024-07-02). "Child Art and Modern Art: Frances Derham's Children's Art Exhibitions in the 1930s". Australian and New Zealand Journal of Art. 24 (2): 297–314. doi:10.1080/14434318.2024.2422940. ISSN 1443-4318.
  17. ↑ Eagle, Mary (2011). "Multiple contexts in the first decades of the twentieth century". Journal of Art Historiography (4): 1.
  18. ↑ Edquist, Harriet (2011). "Michael O'Connell's Pots: Rethinking craft, architecture and modernism". Fabrications. 20 (1): 54–75. doi:10.1080/10331867.2011.10539671. ISSN 1033-1867.
  19. ↑ Grant, Kirsty (22 November 2023). "Important Australian + International Fine Art". Deutscher and Hackett. Retrieved 2026-07-11.
  20. ↑ Ambrus, Caroline (1984). The Ladies' picture show : sources on a century of Australian women artists. Sydney, NSW: Hale & Iremonger. p. 76. ISBN 9780868061603.
  21. ↑ Ambrus, Caroline (1984). The Ladies' picture show : sources on a century of Australian women artists. Sydney, NSW: Hale & Iremonger. p. 195. ISBN 9780868061603.
  22. ↑ Bandman, Ken (1989). A palette of artists : Bezalel, Fellowship of Arts in Melbourne is celebrating the twenty-fifth year of its foundation this year. Melbourne: Bezalel-Fellowship of Arts. p. 46. ISBN 9780731680313.
  23. ↑ Scarlett, Ken (1980). Australian sculptors. West Melbourne, Vic.: Thomas Nelson (Australia). pp. 446–7. ISBN 9780170052924.
  24. ↑ Chanin, Eileen; Miller, Steven; Pugh, Judith (2004). Degenerates and perverts: the 1939 Herald Exhibition of French and British Contemporary Art. Melbourne: Miegunyah Press. pp. 152–3. ISBN 9780522851045.
  25. ↑ Coppel, Stephen (December 1985). "Claude Flight and his Australian pupils". Print Quarterly. 11 (4): 281.
  26. ↑ Arts and Crafts Society of Victoria (1929), The Recorder, The Society, retrieved 26 June 2026
  27. ↑ Arts and Crafts Society of Victoria (1962), Quarterly bulletin, Arts and Crafts Society of Victoria, retrieved 26 June 2026
  28. ↑ Arts and Crafts Society of Victoria (1981), Craftlink : newsletter of the Arts & Crafts Society of Victoria, Arts & Crafts Society of Victoria, retrieved 26 June 2026
  29. ↑ Rees, Anne (2010). "Mary Cecil Allen: Modernism and Modernity in Melbourne 1935-1960". Electronic Melbourne Art Journal (5): 8.
  30. ↑ "First World Congress of Craftsmen". Craft Horizons 24, no. 5. 24 (5): 8. September 1964.
  31. ↑ Cochrane, Grace (1992). The Craft Movement in Australia: A History. South Kensington: New Wales Press. p. 112.
  32. ↑ McCulloch, Alan; McCulloch, Susan; McCulloch-Childs, Emily (2006). The Encyclopedia of Australian Art (Fourth ed.). Carlton, Victoria: AUS Art Editions ; The Miegunyah Press. p. 220. ISBN 9780522853179.
  33. ↑ O'Callaghan, Judith (1987). 4 Australian jewellers : Kate Durham, Rowena Gough, Carlier Makigawa, Margaret West. Melbourne, Victoria: National Gallery of Victoria. p. 5. ISBN 9780724101252.
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