Antigüedades peruanas
 Title page of the text volume | |
| Author | Mariano Eduardo de Rivero y Ustáriz |
|---|---|
| Language | Spanish |
| Subject |
|
| Publisher | Imprenta Imperial de la Corte y del Estado |
| Publication date | 1851 |
| Publication place | Vienna |
| OCLC | 954238720 |
Antigüedades peruanas (transl. Peruvian Antiquities) is an 1851 archaeological study of pre-Columbian Peru by Mariano Eduardo de Rivero y Ustáriz, with contributions from Johann Jakob von Tschudi,[a] published in Vienna as a quarto text volume with an accompanying folio of plates.[1][2][3][4]
It is the first scientific work on Peruvian archaeology.[3][5] Historian Raúl Porras Barrenechea wrote that it created interest in archaeological research in Peru in the nineteenth century.[3]
Background
Rivero (1798–1857) was a Peruvian mining engineer and founding director of Colombia and Peru's national museums.[2][3] He first wrote about Peruvian antiquities for the journal Memorial de ciencias naturales y de industria nacional y extranjera (transl. Journal of Natural Sciences and of National and Foreign Industry) in 1828.[3][6]
Rivero published a work titled Antigüedades peruanas in 1841.[6] Swiss naturalist Tschudi (1818–1889) collaborated with Rivero on an expanded 1851 edition, published in Vienna by the Imprenta Imperial de la Corte y del Estado.[5][6][7] This edition was printed as a quarto text volume of 342 pages with an accompanying folio of plates.[1][4]
In 1853, translations in English (by Francis L. Hawks) and French were published.[1][5]
Description
The book has ten chapters, which cover pre-Columbian transoceanic contact, the earliest inhabitants of Peru, Peruvian history before the arrival of the Spanish, Inca government and political institutions, the Quechua language, Incan science, the Inca religious system, religious customs, the state of the arts among the ancient Peruvians, and monuments.[4]
Its folio has 58 plates, many in color; the first six depict mummies and skulls attributed to different races.[3][4] In his analysis of ancient Peruvian skulls, Tschudi concluded that three distinct races had inhabited the country before the rise of the Incas.[4] He argued that most Peruvian skull shapes were natural rather than products of artificial cranial deformation.[8]
The frontispiece to the folio depicts the Gate of the Sun at Tiahuanaco in present-day Bolivia, the site where Rivero, like many others at the time, believed Peruvian civilization had begun.[2] The fourteen portraits of Inca rulers on the frontispiece were copied from a plate in Jorge Juan and Antonio de Ulloa's Relación histórica del viaje a la América meridional (transl. Historical Account of the Voyage to South America) (1748).[2]
Authorship
The work's authorship often has been credited solely to Tschudi.[3] However, Tschudi's prologue credits it to Rivero, and Tschudi claimed to have written only chapters II and V, on the earliest inhabitants of Peru and the Quechua language, respectively.[3][5][4] Porras also identified Rivero as the author.[3]
Legacy
In 2018, the book was displayed at the Lima Art Museum in the exhibition "El Perú ilustrado. Martínez Compañón y su legado" (transl. "The Illustrated Peru: Martínez Compañón and His Legacy"), as one of the contextual works accompanying Martínez Compañón's watercolors.[9]
Notes
References
- 1 2 3 4 "Advertisement". The Athenaeum. No. 1560. 19 September 1857. p. 1170. ProQuest 8825717.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Thurner, Mark (2006). "After Colonialism and the King: Notes on the Peruvian Birth of 'Contemporary History'". Postcolonial Studies. 9 (4): 393–420. doi:10.1080/13688790600993248.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Castro-Klarén, Sara (2003). "The Nation in Ruins: Archaeology and the Rise of the Nation". In Castro-Klarén, Sara; Chasteen, John Charles (eds.). Beyond Imagined Communities: Reading and Writing the Nation in Nineteenth-Century Latin America. Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press. pp. 188–189. ISBN 978-0-8018-7852-7.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 de Meza, Chr. Julius (1858). "Antigüedades Peruanas por Mariano Eduardo de Rivero y Juan Diego de Tschudi, Peruanske Oldtidsminder meddeelte i Uddrag" [Antigüedades Peruanas by Mariano Eduardo de Rivero and Juan Diego de Tschudi: Peruvian antiquities presented in extract]. Antiquarisk Tidsskrift (in Danish). København: 19–48.
- 1 2 3 4 Núñez, Estuardo (1989). Viajes y viajeros extranjeros por el Perú: apuntes documentales con algunos desarrollos histórico-biográficos [Foreign travels and travelers through Peru: documentary notes with some historical-biographical developments] (in Spanish). Lima. pp. 328–329. ISBN 978-84-7232-360-5. OCLC 21191527.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - 1 2 3 Deustua, José R. (2017). "Sociedad, ciencia y tecnología: Mariano de Rivero, la minería y el nacimiento del Perú como República, 1820-1850" [Society, science, and technology: Mariano de Rivero, mining and the birth of Peru as a Republic, 1820–1850]. Apuntes. 44 (80): 49–74. doi:10.21678/apuntes.80.904. hdl:11354/1689. ISSN 0252-1865.
- ↑ Covey, R. Alan; Aráoz Silva, Miriam (2019). "Inka Urban Planning, Royal Aesthetic Signaling, and Ruination Processes at Huánuco Pampa". International Journal of Historical Archaeology. 23 (4): 893–914. doi:10.1007/s10761-018-0489-7. JSTOR 45217381.
- ↑ Riviale, Pascal (2000). "Capítulo 5. Sociedades de estudios – revistas y periódicos de vulgarización" [Chapter 5. Learned Societies – Journals and Popular Science Periodicals]. Los viajeros franceses en busca del Perú antiguo (1821-1914) [French Travelers in Search of Ancient Peru (1821–1914)] (in Spanish). Lima: Institut français d'études andines. pp. 191–239. ISBN 978-9972-623-13-4.
- ↑ Planas, Enrique (31 August 2018). "'El Perú ilustrado': el retrato dibujado de un país en el MALI" ['The Illustrated Peru': the drawn portrait of a country at the MALI]. El Comercio (in Spanish).
External links
- Antigüedades peruanas text volume at the Internet Archive, from the collection of the UK Medical Heritage Library, London
- Antigüedades peruanas text volume at Wikimedia Commons, from the collection of Harvard College