Andrew S. Levey

Andrew S. Levey
Levey in 2021
Born (1950-09-16) September 16, 1950
Parkersburg, West Virginia
Alma mater
Known forDeveloping estimates of Renal function to define and stage Chronic Kidney Disease and apply them in clinical practice, research and public health.
Scientific career
FieldsNephrology, Epidemiology
WorkplacesTufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center

Andrew S. Levey (born September 16, 1950) is an American nephrologist who transformed chronic kidney disease (CKD) clinical practice, research, and public health by developing equations to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (renal function), and leading the global standardization of CKD definition and staging.

Education and career

Levey graduated from the University of Chicago in 1972 with a Bachelor of Arts in Biological Sciences and graduated as a Doctor of Medicine (MD) in 1976 at the Boston University School of Medicine. He became a Professor of Medicine in the Tufts University School of Medicine in 1994, and was Chief of the Division of Nephrology from 1999 to 2017.

Contributions

Levey is known for developing the most widely used equations to estimate GFR (renal function) globally. He pioneered work with the MDRD Study Equation,[1] led the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI), which pooled measured kidney function CKD data from studies all over the world to develop equations to estimate kidney function from serum creatinine, cystatin C, and panels of metabolites and low-molecular-weight proteins.[2][3][4] The 2009 creatinine equation with race and the 2021 creatinine equation without race to replace the 2009 equation are shown below:

eGFR=141×min(S_Cr/κ,1)^α×max(S_Cr/κ,1)^(-1.209)×〖0.993〗^"Age" ×1.018["if female"]×1.159["if Black"]

eGFR=142×min(S_Cr/κ,1)^α×max(S_Cr/κ,1)^(-1.200)×〖0.9938〗^"Age" ×1.012["if female"]

For both equations, α is -0.241 for females and -0.302 for males; min indicates minimum of Scr/k or 1, and max indicates maximum of Scr/k or 1

Levey is an authority on clinical practice guidelines in kidney disease. He chaired the U.S. National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative (KDOQI) Clinical Practice Guideline Workgroup on “Chronic Kidney Disease: Evaluation, Classification and Risk Stratification”.[5] The recommendations from this workgroup transformed the way Kidney Disease was defined and staged globally. The guideline has been cited over 10,000 times[6] in subsequent research publications. He led multiple KDOQI and Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO)[7] guidelines which advanced the global recognition and care for CKD,[8][9][10] hypertension,[11] acute kidney injury,[7] living kidney donor evaluation,[12] and nomenclature.[13]

Levey was a founding member of the Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium (CKDPC),[14] which includes over 80 cohorts and 10 million[15] participants and has informed multiple clinical practice guidelines and regulatory policies.

Levey led the U.S. National Kidney Foundation task force on cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease, which led to the recognition by the American Heart Association of CKD as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.[16][17]

Levey co-chaired the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention expert panel to develop comprehensive public health strategies for preventing the development, progression, and complications of CKD.[18]

Levey led scientific workshops sponsored by the U.S. National Kidney Foundation in collaboration with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Association for the evaluation of Renal function as surrogate endpoints for clinical trials of kidney disease progression.[19][20][21]

Levey was editor-in-chief for American Journal of Kidney Diseases, the official journal of the U.S. National Kidney Foundation, from 2007-2016.

Awards

Personal

Levey is married to Roberta Falke, MD. In 2009 he donated a kidney to her via a 3-pair transplant.[22]

References

  1. ↑ Levey, Andrew S.; Bosch, Juan P.; Lewis, Julia Breyer; Greene, Tom; Rogers, Nancy; Roth, David; for the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group* (1999-03-16). "A More Accurate Method To Estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate from Serum Creatinine: A New Prediction Equation". Annals of Internal Medicine. 130 (6): 461–470. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-130-6-199903160-00002. ISSN 0003-4819.
  2. ↑ Levey, Andrew S.; Stevens, Lesley A.; Schmid, Christopher H.; Zhang, Yaping Lucy; Castro, Alejandro F.; Feldman, Harold I.; Kusek, John W.; Eggers, Paul; Van Lente, Frederick; Greene, Tom; Coresh, Josef; CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) (2009-05-05). "A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate". Annals of Internal Medicine. 150 (9): 604–612. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006. ISSN 1539-3704. PMC 2763564. PMID 19414839.
  3. ↑ Inker, Lesley A.; Schmid, Christopher H.; Tighiouart, Hocine; Eckfeldt, John H.; Feldman, Harold I.; Greene, Tom; Kusek, John W.; Manzi, Jane; Lente, Frederick Van; Zhang, Yaping Lucy; Coresh, Josef; Levey, Andrew S. (2012-07-05). "Estimating Glomerular Filtration Rate from Serum Creatinine and Cystatin C". New England Journal of Medicine. 367 (1): 20–29. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1114248. ISSN 0028-4793. PMC 4398023. PMID 22762315.
  4. ↑ Inker, Lesley A.; Eneanya, Nwamaka D.; Coresh, Josef; Tighiouart, Hocine; Wang, Dan; Sang, Yingying; Crews, Deidra C.; Doria, Alessandro; Estrella, Michelle M.; Froissart, Marc; Grams, Morgan E.; Greene, Tom; Grubb, Anders; Gudnason, Vilmundur; Gutiérrez, Orlando M. (2021-11-03). "New Creatinine- and Cystatin C–Based Equations to Estimate GFR without Race". New England Journal of Medicine. 385 (19): 1737–1749. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2102953. ISSN 0028-4793. PMC 8822996. PMID 34554658.
  5. ↑ Levey, Andrew S.; Coresh, Josef; Balk, Ethan; Kausz, Annamaria T.; Levin, Adeera; Steffes, Michael W.; Hogg, Ronald J.; Perrone, Ronald D.; Lau, Joseph; Eknoyan, Garabed; National Kidney Foundation (2003-07-15). "National Kidney Foundation practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification". Annals of Internal Medicine. 139 (2): 137–147. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-139-2-200307150-00013. ISSN 1539-3704. PMID 12859163.
  6. ↑ Levey, Andrew S.; Coresh, Josef; Bolton, Kline; Culleton, Bruce; Harvey, Kathy Schiro; Ikizler, T. Alp; Johnson, Cynda Ann; Kausz, Annamaria; Kimmel, Paul L.; Kusek, John; Levin, Adeera; Minaker, Kenneth L.; Nelson, Robert; Rennke, Helmut; Steffes, Michael (2002). "K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: Evaluation, classification, and stratification". American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 39 (2 SUPPL. 1): i–ii+S1–S266. ISSN 0272-6386.
  7. 1 2 "KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Acute Kidney Injury" (PDF). Kidney International Supplements. 2 (1): 1. 2012. doi:10.1038/kisup.2012.1.
  8. ↑ Levey, Andrew S.; Eckardt, Kai-Uwe; Tsukamoto, Yusuke; Levin, Adeera; Coresh, Josef; Rossert, Jerome; Zeeuw, Dick D.E.; Hostetter, Thomas H.; Lameire, Norbert; Eknoyan, Garabed (2005). "Definition and classification of chronic kidney disease: A position statement from Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO)". Kidney International. 67 (6): 2089–2100. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00365.x. ISSN 0085-2538.
  9. ↑ Levey, Andrew S.; de Jong, Paul E.; Coresh, Josef; El Nahas, Meguid; Astor, Brad C.; Matsushita, Kunihiro; Gansevoort, Ron T.; Kasiske, Bertram L.; Eckardt, Kai-Uwe (2011). "The definition, classification, and prognosis of chronic kidney disease: a KDIGO Controversies Conference report". Kidney International. 80 (1): 17–28. doi:10.1038/ki.2010.483. ISSN 0085-2538.
  10. ↑ Levey, A.S.; Atkins, R.; Coresh, J.; Cohen, E.P.; Collins, A.J.; Eckardt, K.-U.; Nahas, M.E.; Jaber, B.L.; Jadoul, M.; Levin, A.; Powe, N.R.; Rossert, J.; Wheeler, D.C.; Lameire, N.; Eknoyan, G. (2007). "Chronic kidney disease as a global public health problem: Approaches and initiatives – a position statement from Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes". Kidney International. 72 (3): 247–259. doi:10.1038/sj.ki.5002343. ISSN 0085-2538.
  11. ↑ Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) (2004). "K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines on hypertension and antihypertensive agents in chronic kidney disease". American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 43 (5 Suppl 1): S1–290. ISSN 1523-6838. PMID 15114537.
  12. ↑ Lentine, Krista L.; Kasiske, Bertram L.; Levey, Andrew S.; Adams, Patricia L.; Alberú, Josefina; Bakr, Mohamed A.; Gallon, Lorenzo; Garvey, Catherine A.; Guleria, Sandeep; Li, Philip Kam-Tao; Segev, Dorry L.; Taler, Sandra J.; Tanabe, Kazunari; Wright, Linda; Zeier, Martin G. (2017). "KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline on the Evaluation and Care of Living Kidney Donors". Transplantation. 101 (8S Suppl 1): S1–S109. doi:10.1097/TP.0000000000001769. ISSN 1534-6080. PMC 5540357. PMID 28742762.
  13. ↑ Levey, Andrew S.; Eckardt, Kai-Uwe; Dorman, Nijsje M.; Christiansen, Stacy L.; Hoorn, Ewout J.; Ingelfinger, Julie R.; Inker, Lesley A.; Levin, Adeera; Mehrotra, Rajnish; Palevsky, Paul M.; Perazella, Mark A.; Tong, Allison; Allison, Susan J.; Bockenhauer, Detlef; Briggs, Josephine P. (2020). "Nomenclature for kidney function and disease: report of a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Consensus Conference". Kidney International. 97 (6): 1117–1129. doi:10.1016/j.kint.2020.02.010. hdl:1765/128502. ISSN 0085-2538.
  14. ↑ "CKD-PC". CKD-PC. Retrieved 2026-07-09.
  15. ↑ "Participating Cohorts". CKD-PC. Retrieved 2026-07-09.
  16. ↑ Levey, As; Beto, Ja; Coronado, Be; Eknoyan, G; Foley, Rn; Kasiske, Bl; Klag, Mj; Mailloux, Lu; Manske, Cl; Meyer, Kb; Parfrey, Ps; Pfeffer, Ma; Wenger, Nk; Wilson, Pw; Wright, Jt (1998). "Controlling the epidemic of cardiovascular disease in chronic renal disease: What do we know? What do we need to learn? Where do we go from here? National Kidney Foundation Task Force on Cardiovascular Disease". American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 32 (5): 853–906. doi:10.1016/S0272-6386(98)70145-3.
  17. ↑ Sarnak, Mark J.; Levey, Andrew S.; Schoolwerth, Anton C.; Coresh, Josef; Culleton, Bruce; Hamm, L. Lee; McCullough, Peter A.; Kasiske, Bertram L.; Kelepouris, Ellie; Klag, Michael J.; Parfrey, Patrick; Pfeffer, Marc; Raij, Leopoldo; Spinosa, David J.; Wilson, Peter W. (2003-10-28). "Kidney Disease as a Risk Factor for Development of Cardiovascular Disease: A Statement From the American Heart Association Councils on Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease, High Blood Pressure Research, Clinical Cardiology, and Epidemiology and Prevention". Circulation. 108 (17): 2154–2169. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000095676.90936.80. ISSN 0009-7322.
  18. ↑ Levey, Andrew S.; Schoolwerth, Anton C.; Burrows, Nilka Ríos; Williams, Desmond E.; Stith, Karma Rabon; McClellan, William (March 2009). "Comprehensive Public Health Strategies for Preventing the Development, Progression, and Complications of CKD: Report of an Expert Panel Convened by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention". American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 53 (3): 522–535. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.11.019.
  19. ↑ Levey, Andrew S.; Cattran, Daniel; Friedman, Aaron; Miller, W. Greg; Sedor, John; Tuttle, Katherine; Kasiske, Bertram; Hostetter, Thomas (2009). "Proteinuria as a surrogate outcome in CKD: report of a scientific workshop sponsored by the National Kidney Foundation and the US Food and Drug Administration". American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 54 (2): 205–226. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.04.029. ISSN 1523-6838. PMID 19577347.
  20. ↑ Levey, Andrew S.; Inker, Lesley A.; Matsushita, Kunihiro; Greene, Tom; Willis, Kerry; Lewis, Edmund; de Zeeuw, Dick; Cheung, Alfred K.; Coresh, Josef (December 2014). "GFR decline as an end point for clinical trials in CKD: a scientific workshop sponsored by the National Kidney Foundation and the US Food and Drug Administration". American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 64 (6): 821–835. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.07.030. ISSN 1523-6838. PMID 25441437.
  21. ↑ Levey, Andrew S.; Gansevoort, Ron T.; Coresh, Josef; Inker, Lesley A.; Heerspink, Hiddo L.; Grams, Morgan E.; Greene, Tom; Tighiouart, Hocine; Matsushita, Kunihiro; Ballew, Shoshana H.; Sang, Yingying; Vonesh, Edward; Ying, Jian; Manley, Tom; de Zeeuw, Dick (2020). "Change in Albuminuria and GFR as End Points for Clinical Trials in Early Stages of CKD: A Scientific Workshop Sponsored by the National Kidney Foundation in Collaboration With the US Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency". American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 75 (1): 84–104. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.06.009. hdl:11370/8139cb06-f888-471b-9994-bbb84a63d155. ISSN 1523-6838. PMID 31473020.
  22. ↑ "Harvesting hope from a giving tree". Boston.com. Archived from the original on 2022-04-01. Retrieved 2026-07-09.
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