Allonemobius fasciatus
| Allonemobius fasciatus | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Clade: | Pancrustacea |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Orthoptera |
| Suborder: | Ensifera |
| Family: | Trigonidiidae |
| Genus: | Allonemobius |
| Species: | A. fasciatus |
| Binomial name | |
| Allonemobius fasciatus (De Geer, 1773) | |
 | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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Allonemobius fasciatus, commonly known as the striped ground cricket, is an omnivorous species of cricket that belongs to the subfamily Nemobiinae.[2] A. fasciatus is studied in depth in evolutionary biology because of the species's ability to hybridize with another Allonemobius species, A. socius.[3]
Subspecies
These two subspecies belong to the species Allonemobius fasciatus:[1]
- Allonemobius fasciatus abortivus (Caudell, 1904)
- Allonemobius fasciatus fasciatus (De Geer, 1773)
Distribution
A. fasciatus is widely distributed in North America,[4] covering eastern and western portions.[5] A. fasciatus typically prefers short grassland habitats.[3] Depending where A. fasciatus resides, traits such a body size can differ.[4] Within North America, there are various hybrid zones, such as in New Jersey, where A. fasciatus has the ability to hybridize with a close relative, A. socius.[6]
A. fasciatus is considered to inhabit northern regions of North America, whereas A. socius inhabits southern regions.[3] In areas where topography can vary, like in mountain regions, A. fasciatus is believed to be found at higher elevations, whereas A. socius is believed to be found in lower elevations.[7] This can be referred to as a mosaic hybrid zone.[7] A mosaic hybrid zone occurs because the habitat ranges for A. fasciatus and A. socius overlap.[8] While it is known that for the most part A. fasciatus remains separated from A. socius when breeding, the potential for interbreeding can occur.[3]
Behaviour
Communication
Mating calls appear to be related to genotype.[6] Male mating calls amongst A. fasciatus function in interspecific and intraspecific species recognition.[6] Adult male mating calls are influenced in the nymph stage by temperature and length of daylight. [6] Usually, males will avoid moving areas when calling female conspecifics.[3] With the ability for breeding hybridization with A. socius, members of the A. fasciatus species present song calls that are undifferentiated to A. socius by female A. fasciatus.[6][3] Females have the ability to leave a pheromonal residue on surfaces.[3]
Mate selection
Females are highly sex-driven and will choose a male to mate with based on the mating call she prefers.[3] When female A. fasciatus hybridizes with A. socius males, she loses very little except the energy expended when looking for the male, and risk associated with potential predation.[3]
Physiology
A. fasciatus wing size is determined by the number of hours of daylight present during development.[5] Most individuals are short-winged[5] and longer daylight periods can account for larger wing size.[5]
Life cycle
A. fasciatus is a univoltine species.[2][9]
It can take a nymph up to two months to hatch.[5]
This species is photosensitive and development will increase in speed as daylight decreases.[5] This phenomenon is indicative of seasonal synchrony.[5]
Reproduction
Hybridization
Ground-dwelling crickets only possess XX and XO chromosomes, which allows male individuals to get the X chromosome from the maternal side.[5] The lack of Y chromosome is why hybridization can occur between A. fasciatus and A. socius, because differences in genetics is limited to the X chromosome only.[5]
Females have a high affinity for the sperm that is presented by conspecific males, therefore if mating does occur with a heterospecific male, it rarely results in hybridized offspring.[3] She ultimately has the ability to mate in and outside of her own species, but her eggs will more often than not be fertilized by her conspecific male.[3]
Oviposition
A. fasciatus produces one brood in a season.[5] In the later part of the summer,[5] A. fasciatus deposits its embryos into the ground through a reproductive structure called the ovipositor. [10] Ovipositor length in A. fasciatus varies depending on the geographical location it is found.[4] When A. fasciatus deposits her diapause egg in the ground, the depth at which the egg is deposited depends on the length of the ovipositor.[10] As diapause relies on temperature, it is possible that in high temperatures, eggs of A. fasciatus can exit or avoid the diapause phase, however this is not common.[5] Between the two sister species, at a temperature given of 30 degrees Celsius, A. fasciatus develops quicker than A. socius.[5]
A. fasciatus undergoes a process called bet hedging that is likely due to temperature and changes in moisture found in the soil where eggs are positioned.[11]
References
- 1 2 "Allonemobius fasciatus (De Geer, 1773)". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2026-08-07.
- 1 2 Howard, D. J.; Waring, G. L. (1991). "Topographic Diversity, Zone Width, and the Strength of Reproductive Isolation in a Zone of Overlap and Hybridization". Evolution. 45: 1120–1135. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1991.tb04379.x. PMID 28564170.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Birge, L. M.; Hughes, A. L.; Marshall, J. L.; Howard, D. J. (2010). "Mating Behaviour Differences and the Cost of Mating in Allonemobius fasciatus and A. socius". Journal of Insect Behavior. 23: 268–289. doi:10.1007/s10905-010-9213-0.
- 1 2 3 Mousseau, T. A.; Roff, D. A. (1989). "Geographic Variability in the Incidence and Heritability of Wing Dimorphism in the Striped Ground Cricket, Allonemobius fasciatus". Heredity. 62: 315–318. doi:10.1038/hdy.1989.45.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Tanaka, Seiji (1986). "Developmental Characteristics of Two Closely Related Species of Allonemobius and Their Hybrids". Oecologia (Berlin). 69: 388–394. doi:10.1007/BF00377061. JSTOR 4217960. PMID 28311341.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Mousseau, T. A.; Howard, D. J. (1998). "Genetic Variation in Cricket Calling Song across a Hybrid Zone between Two Sibling Species". Evolution. 52 (4): 1104–1110. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1998.tb01837.x. PMID 28565224.
- 1 2 Britch, S. C.; Cain, L.; Howard, D. J. (2001). "Spatio-temporal dynamics of the Allonemobius fasciatus–A. socius Mosaic Hybrid Zone: A 14-year Perspective". Molecular Ecology. 10 (3): 627–638. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01215.x. PMID 11298974.
- ↑ Doherty, J. A.; Howard, D. J. (1996). "Lack of Preference for Conspecific Calling Songs in Female Crickets". Animal Behaviour. 51 (5): 981–990. doi:10.1006/anbe.1996.0101.
- ↑ Masaki, Shinzo (1996). "Geographical Variation of Life Cycle in Crickets (Ensifera: Grylloidea)". European Journal of Entomology. 93 (3): 281–302. Retrieved 7 August 2026.
- 1 2 Roff, D.A.; Mousseau, T. A. (1999). "Does Natural Selection Alter Genetic Architecture? An Evaluation of Quantitative Genetic Variation Among Populations of Allonemobius socius and A. fasciatus". Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 12 (2): 361–369. doi:10.1046/j.1420-9101.1999.00036.x.
- ↑ Bradford, M. J.; Roff, D. A. (1993). "Bet Hedging and the Diapause Strategies of the Cricket Allonemobius fasciatus". Ecology. 74 (4): 1129–1135. doi:10.2307/1940482. JSTOR 1940482. S2CID 85087270.
External links
- "Allonemobius fasciatus". GBIF. Retrieved 2019-09-23.
- "Allonemobius fasciatus species Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2019-09-23.
- Otte, Daniel; Cigliano, Maria Marta; Braun, Holger; Eades, David C. (2019). "species Allonemobius fasciatus (De Geer, 1773)". Orthoptera species file online, Version 5.0. Retrieved 2019-07-02.