Abu Bakr al-Khassaf
Al-Hassāf الحصّاف Abu-Bakr Ahmad Ibn-Amru ash-Shaybani al-Khassaf أبو بكر أحمد بن عمرو الشيباني الخصاف | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Qadi of the Abbasid Caliphate | |
| In office 869–870 | |
| Personal life | |
| Born | c. 800s |
| Died | c. 874 Abbasid Caliphate |
| Children | ibn al-Hassāf |
| Parent | Umar Ibn-Muhair |
| Era | Islamic Golden Age |
| Region | Abbasid Caliphate |
| Main interest(s) | Aqidah, (Islamic theology), Tawhid, Islamic jurisprudence, Ḥiyal |
| Notable work(s) | Author of a seminal work on Qadi, known as Adab al-qadi |
| Known for | Hanafi law scholar at the court of Caliph al-Muhtadi. |
| Religious life | |
| Religion | Islam |
| Denomination | Sunni |
| Jurisprudence | Hanafi |
| Muslim leader | |
Influenced by | |
Abu Bakr al-Khassaf (Arabic: أبو بكر الخصاف,Abu Bakr Al-Ḫaṣṣāf ) (died 874, full name Abu-Bakr Ahmad Ibn-Amru ash-Shaybani al-Khassaf) was a Hanafite law scholar (Qadi) at the court of the 14th Abbasid caliph al-Muhtadi.
Abu Bakr was an Arab from the tribe of Banu Shayban. He was born around late 800s. His father was Umar (Amru) Ibn-Muhair.
He is the author of a seminal work on Qādī, known as أدب القاضي Adab al-qādī. A commentary on the work was written by al-Jaṣṣās in the 10th century. An English translation was published by G. P. Verbit in 2008.
Al-Ḫaṣṣāf is also the author of a Kitāb al-ḥiyal wa-l-maḫārij, a work on legalistic trickery or ḥiyal, and a kitāb aḥkām al-awqāf, on religious institutions or waqf.
The earliest development of this field is the Kitāb al-maḫārij fī l-ḥiyal ("book of evasion and trickery") by Muhammad al-Shaybani (d. 805). A more comprehensive treatment is the Kitāb al-ḥiyal wa-l-maḫārij by Al-Khassaf.[1]
Caliph al-Muhtadi strongly supported Hanafi school, removing the only Maliki Qadi of Baghdad.[2] He raised Abu Bakr al-Khassaf to prominence - whom Al-Mu'tazz had rejected due to his association with Ibn Abi Du'ad architect of the inquisition. Muhtadi himself was suspected of believing in the createdness of the Quran,[3] and later sources explicitly labelled him as a Mutazili.[4] He may have also had Shi'ite sympathies as Historians like al-Ya'qubi and al-Masudi praise him, the latter likening him to caliph Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz .[5] However, unlike the Mihna, he never forced his religious views on the populace.[4] Even though Abu Bakr al-Khassf was a subordinate Qadi during the tenure of chief Qadi Ibn Da'ud, he was never a Mutazila. The controversy surrounding al-Muhtadi emerged due to his shift from Hanbali and Shafi scholars to Hanafi scholars.
Editions
- al-Khaṣṣāf, Adab al-qāḍī, ed. Farḥāt Ziyāda (Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 1978)
- Abubakar Ahmad Ibn ‘Amr al-Khassaf, Kitab Ahkam al-Awqaf (Cairo: Diwan ‘Umum al-Awqaf al-Misriyyah, 1904)
References
- ↑ Schacht 1926, 218.
- ↑ Melchert 1996, p. 335.
- ↑ Melchert 1996, p. 336.
- 1 2 Melchert 1996, p. 338.
- ↑ Melchert 1996, p. 337.
- Melchert, Christopher (1996). "Religious Policies of the Caliphs from al-Mutawakkil to al-Muqtadir: AH 232-295/AD 847-908" (PDF). Islamic Law and Society. 3 (3): 316–342. doi:10.1163/1568519962599069. JSTOR 3399413.
- Peter C. Hennigan: al-Khaṣṣāf (d. 261/874).n: Oussama Arabi, David Stephan Powers, Susan Ann Spectorsky: Islamic Legal Thought. A Compendium of Muslim Jurists Brill Academic Pub, 2013, ISBN 978-90-04-25452-7
- Mathieu Tillier: Women before the qāḍī under the Abbasids. In: Islamic Law and Society. Vol. 16 (2009), S. 280–302.
- Tillier, Mathieu. (2009). Les cadis d’Iraq et l’État abbasside (132/750-334/945). Damascus: Institut français du Proche-Orient, 2009.
- Peter C Hennigan: The birth of a legal institution : the formation of the waqf in third-century A.H. Ḥanafī legal discourse. Brill, Leiden 2003, ISBN 90-04-13029-2.
- Ādāb al-Qāḍī : Islamic legal and judicial system. Aḥmad ibn ʻUmar Khaṣṣāf; ʻUmar ibn ʻAbd al-ʻAzīz Ṣadr al-Shahīd; Munir Ahmad Mughal
- Abū Bakr Aḥmad Ibn-ʿAmr Ibn-Muhair al-Ḫaṣṣāf aš-Šaibānī: Kitāb al-ḥiyal wa-l-maḫāriǧ. Ed. J. Schacht. Reprograf. Nachdr. der Ausg. Hannover 1923. Olms, Hildesheim 1968.
- Joseph Schacht (ed.): Das Kitāb al-hiial ual-mahāriǧ des Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn ʿUmar ibn Muhair aš-Šaibānī-al-H̱aṣṣāf. Hannover, 1923 (Beiträge zur semitischen Philologie und Linguistik; 4)
- Christopher Melchert: Religious Policies of the Caliphs from al-Mutawakkil to al-Muqtadir, A H 232-295/A D 847-908. Islamic Law and Society, Vol. 3, No. 3 (1996), S. 316–342